托福考試語(yǔ)法試題及答案詳解

語(yǔ)法在托?？荚囍幸恢焙苤匾?，小編整理了一些托福語(yǔ)法解析題，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托?？荚囌Z(yǔ)法試題及答案詳解1

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.

A. in disease

B. that disease

C. of disease

D. about disease

答案：B

分析：動(dòng)詞believe 的用法：直接加that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這里that為連接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。

參考譯文：大多數(shù)殖民時(shí)期的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為疾病來(lái)源人體內(nèi)不平衡的體液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

A. she was the first woman to conduct

B. the first woman conductor

C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first

答案：B

分析：缺賓語(yǔ)，答案中只有B，D可以作賓語(yǔ)，但D的語(yǔ)序不對(duì)。

參考譯文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

補(bǔ)充： ?？?the first/second/… one to do sth

3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.

A. the first African American

B. the first African American was

C. she was the first African American

D. when the first African American

答案：A

分析：缺賓語(yǔ)，C， D都不能作賓語(yǔ)。一句話(huà)中只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，而B(niǎo)中有was，句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，一定錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：1955年1月7號(hào)，Marian Anderson成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔(dān)任主唱的美籍黑人。

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.

A. and accelerated a phenomenon

B. a phenomenon that accelerated

C. accelerating a phenomenon which，

D. the acceleration of which phenomenon

答案：B

分析：考的是同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語(yǔ)。A中and為conj.，后面應(yīng)該連接一個(gè)完整的句子，但缺主語(yǔ)，錯(cuò);C中語(yǔ)序混亂，錯(cuò); D中of which作為介詞賓語(yǔ)，后面應(yīng)該接一個(gè)完整句，但只有一個(gè)phenomenon主語(yǔ)，句子不完整，錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢(shì)就是美國(guó)城市的分散化，當(dāng)大規(guī)模高速公路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目容許了更大程度的發(fā)展郊區(qū)，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象更被促進(jìn)了。

補(bǔ)充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語(yǔ)

5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.

A. he became

B. when becoming

C. became

D. did he become

答案：A

分析：before為狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞conj，后面一般引導(dǎo)一個(gè)完整的句子。B同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，錯(cuò);C缺主語(yǔ);D應(yīng)該為正常語(yǔ)序，選項(xiàng)中使用了倒裝句式，錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：里根在成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)之前連續(xù)兩屆擔(dān)任加州的州長(zhǎng)。

6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.

A. Their botanical classification as berries

B. Although their botanical classification as berries

C. Because berries being their botanical classification

D. Classified botanically as berries

答案：D

分析：句子的主語(yǔ)是grapes ， 后面是平行結(jié)構(gòu)grow…， range…， and contain…?？崭窈蟮木渥右淹暾?，那么空格處就應(yīng)該是同位語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)從句，分詞等修飾成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，錯(cuò);B中Although為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯(cuò);C中Because為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：培植的葡萄的植物分類(lèi)跟漿果是一樣的，它們成串的長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上，顏色從灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同數(shù)量的糖份。

7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.

A. a basic instrument

B. basic instrument

C. how basic an instrument it is

D. as an instrument is basic

答案：A

分析：instrument可數(shù)，前面應(yīng)該有限定詞a.and前為一簡(jiǎn)單句。

參考譯文：鐃鈸在軍樂(lè)隊(duì)里是一個(gè)基本的樂(lè)器，而且還經(jīng)常在現(xiàn)代管弦樂(lè)里使用。

8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.

A. as they are

B. are they

C. there are

D. are

答案：A

分析：兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)需要有一個(gè)conj.來(lái)連接。一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)且沒(méi)有連接詞就一定錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：在樂(lè)器演奏家的哲學(xué)里面，思想和知識(shí)是專(zhuān)有排外性的功能性的過(guò)程。他們的重要意義僅限于在經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，用于樂(lè)器演奏。

9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.

A. Working fire extinguishers

B. Fire extinguishers that work

C. Fire extinguishers work

D. The work of fire extinguishers

答案：C

分析：空格中缺主謂。A中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ);B中that多余，因?yàn)榫渲兄挥幸粋€(gè)謂語(yǔ);D也沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)。

參考譯文：滅火器的通過(guò)冷卻或者減少火中的氧氣的方法工作的，大多數(shù)時(shí)候兩個(gè)方法都會(huì)用到。

10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.

A. to purchase their own automobiles

B. their own to purchase automobiles

C. to their own purchase automobiles

D. own their automobiles to purchase

答案：A

分析：為固定結(jié)構(gòu)enable sb to do sth.

參考譯文：規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方法的產(chǎn)生，使得人們能夠買(mǎi)自己的車(chē)，并獲得了空前的靈活性。

托?？荚囌Z(yǔ)法試題及答案詳解2

1. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.

A. the first female member

B. was the first female member

C. the first female member who

D. of whom the first female member

答案：A

分析：主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。B中多了一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)was，因?yàn)楹竺嬉呀?jīng)有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞served， 一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)且沒(méi)有連接詞就一定錯(cuò); C中who多余，用法也不正確;D中of whom多余，不是定語(yǔ)從句，考的是同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國(guó)內(nèi)閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任勞工部秘書(shū)。

2. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.

A. is added baking powder

B. added baking powder is

C. is baking powder added

D. baking powder is added

答案：D

分析：When為狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞;語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該為正常語(yǔ)序，A，C錯(cuò);B語(yǔ)序混亂，明顯應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，而且有固定結(jié)構(gòu)add to.

參考譯文：當(dāng)把烘烤用粉加到面團(tuán)里加熱的時(shí)候，會(huì)釋放出二氧化碳，使得面團(tuán)漲開(kāi)。

3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.

A. The calculation of

B. To calculate

C. Is calculating

D. Calculated

答案：B

分析：to calculate，這里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語(yǔ)，句子不完整。

參考譯文：遺傳學(xué)家運(yùn)用概率的理論來(lái)計(jì)算在后代中擁有相似特點(diǎn)個(gè)體占有的百分比。

補(bǔ)充： 如同A的形式， 逗號(hào)前面就是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)， 然而正確的句子里， 名詞短語(yǔ)要么作為主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)， 要么本身是主語(yǔ)， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成為錯(cuò)誤。

4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.

A. is more

B. whenever more

C. there is more

D. more

答案：C

分析：where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，后面缺主謂。

參考譯文：大型樂(lè)隊(duì)爵士依賴(lài)于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂(lè)的樂(lè)器超過(guò)一個(gè)，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。

5. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.

A. them

B. so that

C. those

D. their

答案：D

分析：those是泛指，這里應(yīng)該用their來(lái)特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.

參考譯文：因?yàn)楹Ｔ鍌兊牟煌匦?，植物學(xué)家把他們分成7個(gè)不同的組別或分支

6. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material， _________ of DNA and various types of protein.

A. consisting

B. as to consist

C. consist

D. which consisting

答案：A

分析：分詞作狀語(yǔ)。如果用consist的話(huà)，應(yīng)該用個(gè)conj.后面加個(gè)完整的句子。

參考譯文：染色體現(xiàn)今被認(rèn)為是主要的遺傳物質(zhì)攜帶者，這些遺傳物質(zhì)由DNA和各種各樣的蛋白質(zhì)組成。

7. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.

A. that normally

B. of which it normally

C. normally

D. that it normally

答案：A

分析：句中出現(xiàn)is和preys兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一定是個(gè)復(fù)合句;用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，pinniped為先行詞，that后為不完整句。

參考譯文：美洲虎海豹是僅有的捕食企鵝和其他海豹的鰭足類(lèi)動(dòng)物。

8. _________ “nova” means new， novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.

A. That

B. Why

C. Although

D. It is

答案：C

分析：空格后有2個(gè)完整句，空格處需要一個(gè)conj.

參考譯文：盡管nova意味著新的，但其實(shí)新星們是存在了很久而突然閃耀出光輝的恒星。

9. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________， Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.

A. Earth is

B. is from Earth

C. what is Earth

D. is it Earth

答案：A

分析：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)稱(chēng)性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is后省略了from the Sun

參考譯文：因?yàn)榛鹦潜鹊厍螂x太陽(yáng)要遠(yuǎn)，火星繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)一圈的時(shí)間要比地球長(zhǎng)。

10. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.

A. a complex network

B. how a complex network

C. a complex network and

D. a network that is complex

答案：A

分析：缺賓語(yǔ)。B中的從句只有主語(yǔ)，句子不完整，錯(cuò);C中and作為連詞，后面缺謂語(yǔ)，錯(cuò);D錯(cuò)，因?yàn)閛f前應(yīng)該為名詞。

參考譯文：社會(huì)系統(tǒng)就是一個(gè)社會(huì)關(guān)系的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)里把成員的行為方式向核心價(jià)值觀靠攏。

托?？荚囌Z(yǔ)法試題及答案詳解3

1. Bubbles， flaws， and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass， _________ the glass sparkle.

A. which making

B. and making

C. making

D. to making

答案：C

分析：空格前的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，這里的分詞作狀語(yǔ)。A中用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而句中無(wú)謂語(yǔ)，錯(cuò);B中and作為連接詞，而and后的句子不完整，沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)，錯(cuò);D錯(cuò)，不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是to do.

參考譯文：氣泡，裂紋和其他的不規(guī)則會(huì)使光線(xiàn)穿過(guò)受損的玻璃時(shí)發(fā)散開(kāi)，使得玻遼練⒐狻?BR>　　補(bǔ)充： stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃

2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.

A. there are large

B. large

C. either large

D. where large

答案：B

分析：A使得句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且中間無(wú)連接詞，錯(cuò);C應(yīng)該是either… or…結(jié)構(gòu)，但句中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)or;D中where引導(dǎo)的句子不完整，錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：霧通常在靠近大型內(nèi)陸水體和沿著溫和地帶邊緣的地方發(fā)生。

3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.

A. and a

B. so that a

C. a

D. is a

答案：C

分析：make結(jié)構(gòu)，make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.

參考譯文：描述日常生活的民間藝術(shù)品使它們本身成為有價(jià)值的歷史來(lái)源。

4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics， the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.

A. To prepare

B. As it prepared

C. When preparation

D. Prepared

答案：D

分析：由后半句可以知道句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是Consumer Price Index， 而且空格后是by，所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，只能選D.

參考譯文：消費(fèi)者價(jià)格索引是美國(guó)政府勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)部完成的，它把現(xiàn)在的物品價(jià)格跟以前的做了比較。

5. _________ carries the genes， which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.

A. The chromosome

B. The chromosome that

C. Whereas the chromosome

D. There is a chromosome

答案：A

分析：該句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，前半句已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，缺主語(yǔ)，選A.

參考譯文：染色體攜帶了遺傳物質(zhì)，這些遺傳物質(zhì)決定了細(xì)胞和生物體的遺傳特性。

6. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.

A. Carbon reacting

B. Carbon reacts

C. The reaction of carbon

D. When carbon reacts

答案：B

分析：從句意來(lái)看，called在這里不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是分詞做后置定語(yǔ)：…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，選B.

參考譯文：碳直接跟大部分金屬反應(yīng)而形成碳化物的化合物。

7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere， but if they are moving _________， they can form a crater on impact.

A. enough fast

B. fast enough

C. so fast enough

D enough are fast

答案：B

分析：enough的用法，固定順序：adj.+enough

參考譯文：隕石受地球大氣阻擋而慢下來(lái)，但如果他們移動(dòng)的足夠快，他們能在撞擊后形成一個(gè)大坑。

8. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland， an integral part of the endocrine system.

A. kidney which is

B. kidney is

C. kidney being

D. kidney

答案：B

分析：該句為簡(jiǎn)單句，而且使用了倒裝形式，原句為：An adrenal gland， an integral part of the endocrine system is located at the upper end of each kidney.

參考譯文：腎上腺是內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)完整的部分，它位于腎的上端。

9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.

A. easily corroded metals

B. metals are easily corroded

C. corroded metals that easily

D. how easily metals corroded

答案：A

分析：B中的are多余，否則句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，錯(cuò);C中的that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而從句缺謂語(yǔ)，錯(cuò);用法錯(cuò)誤，of后一般接名詞。

參考譯文：75%的所有鎘金屬都用來(lái)對(duì)類(lèi)似鐵、鋼的容易腐蝕的金屬進(jìn)行鎘鍍膜了。

10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter， the smallest particle of an element _________ into chemical combination.

A. that can enter

B. can it enter

C. when entering it can

D. that enters can

答案：A

分析：that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，element為先行詞。the smallest particle of an element 是 a basic structural unit of matter的賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)。

參考譯文：原子是物體的基本結(jié)構(gòu)單元，是元素形成化學(xué)組合特性的最小的顆粒。

托福考試語(yǔ)法試題及答案詳解4

1. All the major cities of the United States， ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico， began as centers of trade.

A. and to include

B. which including

C. included

D. including

答案：D

分析：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是插入語(yǔ)，這里分詞作狀語(yǔ)，不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

參考譯文：包括大湖區(qū)和墨西哥峽谷的美國(guó)所有主要城市都是以貿(mào)易中心的模式發(fā)展起來(lái)的。

2. Settled by English Puritans in 1630， Boston became _________ .

A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital

C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

答案：A

分析：缺賓語(yǔ)。B語(yǔ)序混亂;C中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，錯(cuò);D中became 仍然沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，so that 多余，錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：波士頓在1963年被英國(guó)清教徒定址，并曾是馬薩諸塞州灣殖民地的首都。

3. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _________ they are heading.

A. the direction in which

B. to where the direction

C. that direction of which

D. where the direction

答案：A

分析：空格前缺賓語(yǔ)，空格后是個(gè)完整的句子，只有B能滿(mǎn)足。prep+which 作為介詞賓語(yǔ)，后面接完整的句子。

參考譯文：船和飛機(jī)的領(lǐng)航員通過(guò)指南針來(lái)確定他們航行的方向。

4. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.

A. what

B. in which

C. in whose

D. that

答案：B

分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，選項(xiàng)中優(yōu)先選擇prep+which.prep+which 作為介詞賓語(yǔ)，后面接完整的句子。

參考譯文：冷凝器是一種熱交換器，蒸氣或水汽在里面失去熱量，變回液體狀態(tài)。

5. Published in 1957， John Cheever's first novel， The Wapshot Chronicle， earned _________ the National Book Award.

A. that he had

B. him

C. was his

D. to him

答案：B

分析：雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：sth. Earn sb sth. 類(lèi)似的還有g(shù)ain/win

參考譯文：John Cheever的第一部小說(shuō)The Wapshot Chronicle于1957年，并為他贏得全國(guó)圖書(shū)獎(jiǎng)。

6. As seen from the Earth at night， _________ planet Jupiter ranks third among the planets and stars in maximum brightness， after Venus and Mars.

A. when the

B. in which the

C. the

D. and the

答案：C

分析：空格后句子完整，此處缺限定詞。

參考譯文：晚上從地球上看去，行星木星在行星恒星最大亮度等級(jí)中排名第三，排在金星和火星的后面。

7. _________ produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is used extensively in advertising displays.

A. Neon that

B. When neon

C. Neon

D. There is neon

答案：C

分析：缺主語(yǔ)。A中that多余;B中When多余，D中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

參考譯文：氖能在真空管里釋放出深紅色的光芒，并被廣泛的在廣告顯像里應(yīng)用。

8. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short， wet winters followed by long， dry summers.

A. are trees and shrubs

B. how trees and shrubs

C. trees and shrubs have

D. trees and shrubs

答案：D

分析：of 后接名詞，首先排除A和B.C中有個(gè)動(dòng)詞have， 后半句中有動(dòng)詞follow， 兩句之間沒(méi)有連接詞，一定錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：叢林由樹(shù)和灌木組成，短的、潮濕的冬天和隨后的長(zhǎng)的干燥的夏天阻礙了它們的生長(zhǎng)。

9. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United States policy concerning the activities and rights of European powers in North and South America.

A. when a statement

B. as a statement

C. a statement

D. to a statement

答案：C

分析：缺賓語(yǔ)。A，B，D中的when， as， to 多余。

參考譯文：1982年的門(mén)羅主義是針對(duì)南北美歐洲集權(quán)的行為和權(quán)利的美國(guó)政策的表述。

10. _________ to stand in a warm place， it sours because of the presence of bacteria that convert milk sugar into acid.

A. When milk is allowed

B. When is milk allowed

C. Milk， when allowed

D. When milk allowed

答案：A

分析：B不應(yīng)該使用倒裝;C：如果是插入語(yǔ)的話(huà)，后半句中不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)it;D中由句意allow應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)形式。

參考譯文：當(dāng)牛奶持續(xù)的放在溫暖的地方，細(xì)菌的出現(xiàn)把牛奶的糖轉(zhuǎn)化成酸，因此它就發(fā)酸了。