2022年小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
小升初考試讓每位步入小學(xué)六年級(jí)的學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)都受盡煎熬。這是孩子們?nèi)松械谝淮握嬲饬x上的考試，因此六年級(jí)這一年的備考尤為重要。以下是小編為大家準(zhǔn)備的小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
● 小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納一、學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯
1.a, an的選擇: 元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用an，輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I , you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物，某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問(wèn)詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)
which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢(qián))
● 小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納二、形容詞比較級(jí)詳解：
當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí)，需要用到比較級(jí)。比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：
什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如：
I’m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的，它的變化規(guī)則是：
① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e結(jié)尾的，直接加r ，如 fine – finer ,
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i再加er，如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er，如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。
典型錯(cuò)誤：My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)。)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個(gè)人)，那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性。
應(yīng)該改為：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí):
1、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River?
(2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish? It’s 2kg.
2、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞
(1) I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a football.
3、根據(jù)中文完成句子
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I’m than my brother.
(2) 這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高. This tree than that one.
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.
(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you?
4、根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句
(1) I’m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years old.
(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River?
(2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish? It’s 2kg.
2、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞
(1) I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a football.
3、根據(jù)中文完成句子
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I’m than my brother.
(2) 這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高. This tree than that one.
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.
(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you?
4、根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句
(1) I’m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years old.
(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.
● 小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納三、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
A規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d：如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類(lèi))
④ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
(此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
● 小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納四、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解
動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
● 小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納五、人稱和數(shù)：
人稱代詞 物主代詞
主格 賓格
第一
人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的)
復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)
第二
人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的)
復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)
第三
人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)
● 小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納六、句型專項(xiàng)歸類(lèi)：
1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫(xiě)成“isn’t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類(lèi)句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來(lái)回答。
如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
☆小結(jié)：一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上
①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫(xiě)，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。
②沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致，即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。
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