新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹
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新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹：副詞
定義：副詞用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞(系動(dòng)詞除外)，形容詞，其它副詞或整個(gè)句子。
功能：表示時(shí)間、方式、程度、范圍等。
分類：
● 時(shí)間及頻度副詞：before，frequently，always，usually 等
● 地點(diǎn)副詞：here，northward，anywhere，above，below等
● 方式副詞：rapidly，quickly，clearly，hard，well等
● 程度副詞：quite，much，nearly，just，enough，perfectly，only 等
● 疑問(wèn)副詞：how，why，when，where 等
例：He walked out of the room slowly.
She looks very beautiful.
We study English very carefully.
Even a child can do it better.
Perhaps she will telephone you tomorrow.
金牌要點(diǎn)：幾個(gè)重要副詞的使用：
1. enough：修飾形容詞或副詞，須置于被修飾詞后;而修飾名詞時(shí)放在修飾詞的前面。
He is old enough to go to school.
I have enough money to buy this type of bicycle.
2. too：位于形容詞或副詞前。
She is too eager to see me.
3. very：置于所修飾的形容詞、副詞前。
He is very handsome and many girls like to speak with him.
4. much：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞及副詞比較級(jí)。
The subject has beentalked too much.
Her dress is much more beautiful than mine.
5. still:“依舊，仍然”用于肯定句、否定句中。
He still remembers the days they spent together.
I still can not catch his words.
6. yet: 位于疑問(wèn)句末尾時(shí)意思是“已經(jīng)”;用于否定句時(shí)意思是“還”。
Have you emptied the dustbin yet?
I haven't done that yet.
7. only: 根據(jù)句意靈活運(yùn)用。(請(qǐng)翻譯下面三個(gè)句子!)
Only he can tell you how to do it.
He can only tell you how to do it.
He can tell you how to do it only today.
8. hardly, scarcely, seldom, never本身為否定意義副詞，注意使用。
Hardly had we left the station when it began to rain.
幾個(gè)易混淆的副詞：
1. easy: stand easy (= comfortably)
easily: It can't be solved easily.
2. clear: The bullet went clear through the window
(= directly)
clearly: Clearly, he doesn't know anything about it.
(= obviously)
3. high: He can jump very high.(高地)
highly: We think highly of the good teacher.(高度地)
4. just: We have just know the news.(剛剛)
justly: He was justly punished.(公正地)
5. hard: You must think hard.(努力地)
hardly: He hardly knows about it.(幾乎不)
6. pretty: He is not pretty sure about it.(非常)
prettily: The girl is prettily dressed.(漂亮地)
7. near: He lives near the school.(附近)
nearly: I nearly missed the bus.(幾乎)
8. late: Don't come late next time.(遲到)
lately: I haven't read novels lately.(最近)
9. formally: You should be dressed formally at the meeting.(正式地)
formerly: Formerly, he was the manager of the company.(以前)
10. free(免費(fèi)地)
freely(自由地)
11. most(最)
mostly(大部分)
12. sharp(準(zhǔn)時(shí)地)
sharply(嚴(yán)厲地)
測(cè)試精編：
I.選擇正確選項(xiàng)：
1. Automobile production of the present time has been increased ________.
A. greatly B. highly C. on a large scale D. infinitely
2. — Was the class long enough? — No, ________ enough.
A. it wasn't much too long
B. it wasn't too much long
C. it wasn't quite long
D. it wasn't too long much
3. After the funeral, the residents of the apartment building ________.
A. sent faithfully flowers all weeks to the cemetery
B. sent to the cemetery each week flowers faithfully
C. sent flowers faithfully to the cemetery each week
D. sent eachweek faithfully to the cemetery flowers
4. Air travel has provided people with the opportunity to travel ________.
A. a large amount of miles
B. much distance
C. extensively
D. wide rangingly
5. — Paul still hasn't returned from the meeting. — Really? I'm sure he expected to be back ________.
A. before long now
B. long before now
C. now before long
D. now long before
6. — Has your father arrived in Bombay yet?
— He probably arrived there sometime ________ .
A. a week past B. thelast week C. this past week D. theweekbefore now
7. — Whydoesn't Jessica stay withrelatives inNewYork? — She________ inBoston.
A. has onlyrelatives
B. only has relatives
C. has relatives only
D. relative has only
8. The nectarineis a fruit ________ likea peach.
A. as B. and C. too D. somewhat
9. 一 Is aw you at the racetrack last week. 一 I go quite often, but I only bet ________ .
A. scarcely B. hardly C. barely D. occasionally
10. Let's stayat home, Ithinkit's ________ for walking.
A. muchtoo hot
B. very much hot
C. too much heat
D. very much heat
新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹：冠詞
不定冠詞“a”用來(lái)表示可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，用于輔音音素前，an用于元音音素前。
如：a person, a day; an hour, anold man...
定冠詞用法如下：
(英語(yǔ)剛啟蒙時(shí)你就知道冠詞了，可你真正掌握了嗎?再背一遍又何妨?!)
1.用于雙方都知道的名詞前：Please cleanthe classroom.
2.用于單數(shù)名詞前，表示一類人或物：
The horseis a useful animal.(馬是有用的動(dòng)物)
This is a very hardjob for theteacher.(對(duì)于老師這是一項(xiàng)很難的工作。)
3.用于世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西前：the sun, the spring.
4.用于方位名詞前：People in the west like coffee very much.
5.用于樂(lè)器名詞前：play the violin.
6.用于計(jì)量單位前：Gasoline is soldby the gallon.
7.形容詞級(jí)和序數(shù)詞前：This is the easiest way to work out the problem.
He came to see me for first time.
8.用于江河湖海山脈名稱前：the Pacific，the Thames，the Rocky Mountains
9.雜志、報(bào)刊名稱前：the Times，the Overseas Digest
10.用于建筑物、和組織前：the White House, theMinistry of Education
11.用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表“某某夫婦，某某一家人”the Smiths，the Greens
12.用于形容詞前，表一類人 / 物：the rich, theblind
13.用于 English，Chinese，F(xiàn)rench等名詞前，表“全體國(guó)民”the English，the Chinese
以下情況不用冠詞：
1.三餐前 breakfast，lunch，supper， ... Have you had lunch?
2.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目前 playchess，... I have nointerest intennis.
3.在由 by引出的交通工具前by air(乘飛機(jī))，by car
4.在稱呼或職位前 He has been elected president of the committee.
5.習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)前 at school，day by day，at table(在吃飯)，go to church(做禮拜)...
測(cè)試精編：
1. The cat is ________ beautiful animal, but its intelligence leaves much tobe desired.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. ________ university of Chicago has an excellent l aw school.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
3. — Tina looks especially pretty tonight.
— Yes, she always looks her best in ________ of that color.
A. dress B. a dress C. that dress D. the dress
4. — Did he fly across the English Channel?
— No, he crossed it by________.
A. a ship B. the ship C. ships D. ship
5. If you want to go to the post office from here, take________.
A. Broad way bus B. the Broad way bus
C. some Broad way bus D. a Broadway's bus
6. 一 How did you pay the workers? 一 As a rule, they were paid ________.
A. by an hour B. by the hour C. by a hour D. by hours
7. ________ more to be pitied than blamed.
A. Uneducatedare B. Uneducatedis
C.The uneducatedare D.The neducatedis
8.Astronomy is ________ of stars and planets.
A. a science B. science C. the science D. scientific
9. - After that, what happened to him?
— The chancetoenter ________ cameand he tookit.
A. tocollege B. thecollege C. for college D.college
10.We sternart of the 19th century shows the influence of________ Far East.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹：反意疑問(wèn)句
1.一般用法：
He is a student, isn't he?
He isn't a student, is he?
(1) “have to, had better, used to”要用下列方式反問(wèn)：
He has to finish the work, doesn't he?
They used to smoke, didn't / usedn't they?
You'd better get up immediately, hadn't you?
(2) “has, have”作為助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，反問(wèn)形式不同。
We have done all the work, haven't we?
You have some time, don't you?
金牌要點(diǎn)如下：
2. “seldom, barely, hardly, scarcely, few, little” 語(yǔ)意本身是否定，因此反意問(wèn)句應(yīng)為肯定形式。
She seldom comes to visit us, does she?
He hardly knew it, did he?
3.當(dāng)主句為祈使句，反意問(wèn)句提出要求，命令應(yīng)用 “will you”
Do it at once, will you?
但如表示邀請(qǐng)，勸告，反意問(wèn)句用 “won't you”
Have a cup of tea, won't you?
4.否定祈使句應(yīng)用 “will you” 來(lái)反問(wèn)。
Don't open the window, will you?
5. “Let's” 短語(yǔ)
● 當(dāng)其為肯定形式，“shall we” 提出反問(wèn)
Let's play basketball, shall we?
● 當(dāng)其為否定形式，“all right, ok” 提出反問(wèn)
Let's not go to the party, all right?
● 如為 “l(fā)et us ...” 其反問(wèn)形式應(yīng)為 “will you” 提出請(qǐng)求
Let us go home, will you?
6.當(dāng) “think, suppose, consider, believe” etc 被用作為主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其后帶有賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)問(wèn)句應(yīng)與從句保持一致。
I don't think that he is an honest man, is he?
Exercises:
單選：
1. — Your uncle told me that he overslept this morning.
— Oh, my uncle rarely used to oversleep, ________?
A. wasn't he B. was he C. didn't he D. did he
2. — Remove this, ________? — Right away.
A. will you B. shall you C. don't you D. do you
3. You ought to wait for her, ________?
A. don't you B. oughtn't you C. shouldn't you D. won't you
4. You have Tom move the stone, ________?
A. do you B. don't you C. haven't you D. have you
5. Let's go dancing, ________?
A. will we B. shall we C. don't we D. are we
6. Have dinner here, ________?
A. will you B. would you C. won't you D. haven't you
7. There is someone at the door, ________?
A. isn't there B. is there C. isn't he D. is it
8. The price of crude oil used to be a great deal lower than now, ________?
A. does there B. wasn't it C. don't it D. didn't it
9. This is the third time this week he's had to study late, ________?
A. isn't it B. isn't he C. hasn't it D. hasn't he
10. — Don't bother to drive me back!
— But then you'd have to walk home alone, ________?
A. hadn't you B. do you C. would you D. wouldn't you
新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
此獨(dú)立形式只是一個(gè)小短語(yǔ)，而不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，又稱之為獨(dú)立分詞構(gòu)句。當(dāng)分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)不是主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須在分詞前保留意義上的主語(yǔ)，否則語(yǔ)意不通。(定義有點(diǎn)費(fèi)解，多看幾遍)
示例：
Being ill in bed, I can't go to school.
Mother being ill in bed, I can't go to school.
(1) 獨(dú)立主結(jié)構(gòu)形式可用以表時(shí)間，理由，條件，伴隨狀態(tài)等
He lay on the grass, the sun shining upon him.
= He lay on the grass, and the sun was shining upon him.
Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
= If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
School being over, the boys went home.
= When school was over, the boys went home.
The sun having set, we arrived at the station.
= After the sun had set, we arrived at the station.
王牌重點(diǎn)：當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)表示“一般人”，如：we, one, you時(shí)，主語(yǔ)可省略，此用法常用于下列表達(dá)方式中：
generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)
talking of ... 談到
speaking of ... 說(shuō)到
judging from ... 由……來(lái)判斷
taking all things into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)
considering ... 考慮到……
[示例]：
If we judge from his face, he must be ill.
= Judging from his face, he must be ill.
He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.
= He has lots of books, considering that he is young.
(2)with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式之一。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)(表示原因，方式，伴隨等)和定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)緊隨被修飾名詞后。
1.with+ 名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)：
The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.
The boy rushed into the room, with his schoolbag in his hand.
2.with + 名詞 + adj.
with the door open, he left the classroom.
3.with + 名詞 + adv.
With the gloves off, she felt cold.
With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.
4.with + 名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))
with + 名詞 + 過(guò)去分詞(被動(dòng))
Withthe guide leading us, we got to the village.
The boy was crying with the vase broken.
5.with + 名詞 + 不定式
With the hard work to be done, we have to prepare for it.
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