托福聽力真題原題及答案
托福聽力課聽得再多，如果平時不多做真題練習，聽力還是會做得一塌糊涂。所以大家要反復聽音頻、再一邊看原文聽音頻、分析邏輯、做思維導圖、做題時候做筆記。下面給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃φ骖}，希望對你們有所幫助。
托福聽力真題原題
Question 1 of 6
What is the professor mainly discussing?
A. The development of motor skills in children
B. How psychologists measure muscle activity in the throat
C. A theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinking
D. A study on deaf people's problem-solving techniques
Question 2 of 6
Why does the professor say this:
Watson thought laryngeal habits…you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box…h(huán)e thought those habits were an expression of thinking.
Why does the professor say this:
…you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box…
A. To give an example of a laryngeal habit
B. To explain the meaning of a term
C. To explain why he is discussing laryngeal habits
D. To remind students of a point he had discussed previously
Question 3 of 6
What does the professor say about people who use sign language?
A. It is not possible to study their thinking habits
B. They exhibit laryngeal habits
C. The muscles in their hands move when they solve problems
D. They do not exhibit ideomotor action
Question 4 of 6
What point does the professor make when he refers to the university library?
A. A study on problem solving took place there
B. Students should go there to read more about behaviorism
C. Students' eyes will turn toward it if they think about it
D. He learned aboutWilliam James' concept of thinking there
Question 5 of 6
The professor describes a magic trick to the class,what does the magic trick demonstrate?
A. An action people make that they are not aware of
B. That behaviorists are not really scientists
C. How psychologists study children
D. A method for remembering locations
Question 6 of 6
What is the professor's opinion of the motor theory of thinking?
A. Most of the evidence he has collected contradicts it
B. It explains adult behavior better than it explains child behavior
C. It is the most valid theory of thinking at the present time
D. It cannot be completely proved or disproved
托福聽力真題文本
NARRATOR：Listen to part of a psychology lecture. The professor is discussing behaviorism.
旁白：聽一段心理學講座。教授在探討行為主義。
MALE PROFESSOR：Now, many people consider John Watson to be the founder of behaviorism.
教授：如今，很多人認為約翰華生是行為主義的創(chuàng)立者。
And like other behaviorists, he believed that psychologists should study only the behaviors they can observe and measure.
和其他的行為主義者一樣，他認為心理學家應該只研究可見和可測的行為。
They're not interested in mental processes.
他們對心理歷程并不感興趣。
While a person could describe his thoughts, no one else can see or hear them to verify the accuracy of his report. But one thing you can observe is muscular habits.
當一個人進行心理描述時，沒有人能看到或聽到他們來驗證其報告的精確性。而你能觀察到的一個事情，是肌肉運動規(guī)律。
What Watson did was to observe muscular habits because he viewed them as amanifestation of thinking.
約翰華生做的是觀察肌肉運動規(guī)律，因為他把這些看成是思考的一種表現(xiàn)。
One kind of habits that he studied are laryngeal habits.
他研究的一種行為習慣是喉部運動規(guī)律。
Watson thought laryngeal habits... you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box... he thought those habits were an expression of thinking.
華生認為喉部運動規(guī)律……嗯，從喉頭開始，換句話說，與喉頭相關(guān)……他認為這些規(guī)律是思考的符號。
He argued that for very young children, thinking is really talking out loud to oneselfbecause they talk out loud even if they're not trying to communicate with someone in particular.
他認為對很小的小孩而言，思考就是大聲跟自己講話，因為小孩即便是自言自語時聲音也不小。
As the individual matures, that overt talking to oneself becomes covert talking to oneself, but thinking still shows up as a laryngeal habit.
當這個孩子長大后，公然自言自語變成悄悄自言自語，但此時思考時喉部肌肉依然活動。
One of the bits of evidence that supports this is that when people are trying to solve a problem, they, um, typically have increased muscular activity in the throat region.
我這么說的理由之一是當人們要解決一個問題時，他們的，嗯，喉部肌肉運動增加。
That is, if you put electrodes on the throat and measure muscle potential - muscle activity - you discover that when people are thinking, like if they're diligently trying to solve a problem, that there is muscular activity in the throat region.
也就是說，如果你將電極緊貼喉部來測量肌肉潛能——肌肉活動——你會發(fā)現(xiàn)當人們的思考的時候，這么說，如果他們在努力解決一個問題時，喉部肌肉就在活動。
So, Watson made the argument that problem solving, or thinking, can be defined as a set of behaviors - a set of responses - and in this case the response he observed was the throat activity.
所以，華生提出一個觀點：解決問題或思考問題可以定義為一系列的活動——一連串的反應——而在這個案例中他觀察到的反應是喉部運動。
That's what he means when he calls it a laryngeal habit.
這正是他把這一現(xiàn)象稱之為喉部運動規(guī)律的原因。
Now, as I am thinking about what I am going to be saying, my muscles in my throat are responding. So, thinking can be measured as muscle activity.
在我正在思考打算說什么的時候，我喉嚨的肌肉正在作出相應的運動。所以，可以通過測量肌肉活動的形式來測量思考。
Now, the motor theory... yes?
也就是機動理論……你要問什么?
FEMALE STUDENT：Professor Blake, um, did he happen to look at people who sign? I mean deaf people?
學生：嗯，布萊克教授，沃森有沒有研究過用手勢交流的人?我說的是聾啞人?
MALE PROFESSOR：Uh, he did indeed, um, and to jump ahead, what one finds in deaf individuals who use sign language…when they’re given problems of various kinds, they have muscular changes in their hands when they are trying to solve a problem…muscle changes in the hand, just like the muscular changes going on in the throat region for speaking individuals.
教授：他確實研究過，嗯，先提前說兩句吧，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當用手語交流的聾啞人面臨需要解決各種各樣的問題時，他們用手部肌肉的活動來解決問題…手部肌肉在變化，就好像健全人的喉部肌肉在活動一樣。
So, for Watson, thinking is identical with the activity of muscles.
所以，在沃森看來，思維是跟肌肉的運動是一致的。
A related concept of thinking was developed by William James. It's called ideomotor action.
被威廉詹姆斯發(fā)揚光大的一個與思維相關(guān)的一個理念，叫做動念動作。
I deomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it, without our being aware of it.
動念動作是一種我們意識不到的活動，我們察覺不到它的存在。
I'll give you one simple example. (舉例子，注意會出題)
我給你們舉一個例子。
If you think of locations, there tends to be eye movement that occurs with your thinking about that location.
如果你在想一個地方，很可能你的眼動就會朝向你在想的那個地方。
In particular, from where we're sitting, imagine that you're asked to think of our university library. (舉例子，會出題)
特別是當我們坐在教室里試想我們學校的圖書館。
Well, if you close your eyes and think of the library, and if you're sitting directly facing me, then according to this notion, your eyeballs will move slightly to the left, to your left, cause the library's in that general direction.
如果你閉著眼睛想著學校圖書館，同時你現(xiàn)在就坐在我的面前，那么根據(jù)這個概念，你的眼球會輕輕地往左邊轉(zhuǎn)動，因為校圖書館大概在那個方向。
James and others said that this is an idea leading to a motor action, and that's why it's called "ideomotor action" - an idea leads to motor activity.
詹姆斯和其他研究人員認為這個想法是引出機動理論的引子，也就是為什么被稱之為“動念動作”的原因——機動理論之源。
If you wish to impress your friends and relatives, you can change this simple process into a magic trick. (例子會出題)
如果你想在親友們面前炫一下的話，你可以將這個簡單過程改裝成魔術(shù)把戲。
Ask people to do something such as I've just described: think of something on their left; think of something on their right.
讓“魔粉”按照我這樣的描述去做：想想在你左邊的東西;想想在你右邊的東西。
You get them to think about two things on either side with their eyes closed, and you watch their eyes very carefully.
你讓他們閉上眼睛想在左右各兩樣東西，然后仔細觀察他們的眼睛。
And if you do that, you'll discover that you can see rather clearly the eye movement - that is, you can see the movement of the eyeballs.
如果你仔細觀察的話，你會清晰發(fā)現(xiàn)他們眼睛的活動——也就是說，你能看到他們眼球的運動。
Now, then you say, think of either one and I'll tell you which you're thinking of.
之后，你跟他們說想其中一個然后我告訴你想的是什么。
OK. Well, Watson makes the assumption that muscular activity is equivalent to thinking.
好，嗯，華生假設(shè)肌肉運動等同于思維。
But given everything we've been talking about here, one has to ask: are there alternatives to this motor theory - this claim that muscular activities are equivalent to thinking?
但就我們今天討論的這一切，有人不免要問：有與機動理論相仿的理論——聲稱肌肉運動等同于思維的理論嗎?
Is there anything else that might account for (因果邏輯)this change in muscular activity, other than saying that it is thinking? And the answer is clearly yes. (態(tài)度題，會考!)
有無可以解釋肌肉活動的這種變化，而不是與思維相關(guān)的其他理論嗎?(答案是)肯定有的。
Is there any way to answer the question definitively? Now i think the answer is no. (會考態(tài)度題!)
有無回答這個問題的確切答案?我認為沒有。
題目參考解析
1.題型類型與分析：主旨題
原文定位與分析：
定位到文章的這句：What Watson did was to observe muscular habits because he viewed them as a manifestation of thinking.
得知文章雖然是心理學的主題，但是全文其實都在講Watson的理論，還有相關(guān)的研究例子等等。所以該題的主題答案肯定是一個有關(guān)肌肉運動+思維的關(guān)系的理論。
選項對比與分析：
原文多處提到了Watson的假設(shè)、研究例子，以及muscle activity與thinking的關(guān)系，因此答案選C。其他選項，例如：A選項，children這個細節(jié)未提及。B、D都是細節(jié)，不可作為主旨題的答案!
2.題型類型與分析：細節(jié)目的題
原文定位與分析：
根據(jù)題干的why一詞可以清楚該題考因果邏輯，同時是考細節(jié)的目的題。根據(jù)題目的音頻提到這句：
Watson thought laryngeal habits…you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box…h(huán)e thought those habits were an expression of thinking.
Why does the professor say this:
…you know, from larynx, in other words, related to the voice box…
選項對比與分析：
根據(jù)音頻提到的in other words可以清楚，教授是在向?qū)W生解釋一個專業(yè)名詞，答案選B。其他都是無關(guān)選項。
3.題型類型與分析：考查細節(jié)題內(nèi)容題
原文定位與分析：
根據(jù)題干出現(xiàn)的about people who use sign language確定為考查這部分細節(jié)的內(nèi)容題。
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞sign language定位原文這句：
what one finds in deaf individuals who use sign language…when they’re given problems of various kinds, they have muscular changes in their hands when they are trying to solve a problem…muscle changes in the hand, just like the muscular changes going on in the throat region for speaking individuals.
選項對比與分析：
學生打斷教授的lecture, 提出自己的問題，問有沒有觀察過使用sign language的人，例如聾啞人士的問題。根據(jù)教授的回答內(nèi)容，
they have muscular changes in their hands when they are trying to solve a problem…muscle changes in the hand,
可以知道：C選項(The muscles in their hands move when they solve problems)其實與原文是同義替換的。moves=changes，所以思考的同時，手上肌肉在動，因此答案選C。
A選項的not possible與原文相反的，所以不選。
B選項 laryngeal是前面的voice box，sign language是肢體語言，因此不選。
D選項，ideomotor出現(xiàn)在lecture的后面，教授還沒講到呢。
4.題型類型與分析：細節(jié)目的/功能題
原文定位與分析：
根據(jù)what point +university library確定為細節(jié)題目的/功能題，也就是教授提到這個例子的意圖/目的是什么(what point)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞university library定位到原文這里：
If you think of locations, there tends to be eye movement that occurs with your thinking about that location. In particular, from where we’re sitting, imagine that you’re asked to think of our university library. Well, if you close your eyes and think of the library, and if you’re sitting directly facing me, then according
to this notion, your eyeballs will move slightly to the left, to your left, ’cause the library’s in that general direction.
選項對比與分析：
原文中說到：If you think of locations, there tends to be eye movement that occurs with your thinking about that location. 當你想到一個地方，你的眼睛就會轉(zhuǎn)向這個location。然后舉了university library這個例子。因此教授提到例子的目的/功能是用來support前面這個觀點(point)，所以答案選C。其他選項都是扯淡的...
5.題型類型與分析：考查細節(jié)題功能/目的題(細節(jié)題有兩種，一種是細節(jié)目的題，一種是細節(jié)內(nèi)容改寫題)
原文定位與分析：
根據(jù)what does the magic trick demonstrate這句確定為細節(jié)題功能目的題，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞magic trick定位到原文這句：
If you wish to impress your friends and relatives, you can change this simple process into a magic trick. Ask people to do something such as I’ve just described: think of something on their left; think of something on their right. You get them to think about two things on either side with their eyes closed, and you watch their eyes very carefully.
And if you do that, you’ll discover that you can see rather clearly the eye movement—that is, you can see the movement of the eyeballs. Now, then you say, think of either one and I’ll tell which you’re thinking of.
同時知道這個例子是為了demonstrate前面的主題句：
A related concept of thinking was developed by William James. It's called ideomotor action.
被威廉詹姆斯發(fā)揚光大的一個與思維相關(guān)的一個理念，叫做動念動作。
Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it, without our being aware of it.
動念動作是一種我們意識不到的活動，我們察覺不到它的存在。
因此答案是這句：Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it, without our being aware of it.
選項對比與分析：
題目考查magic trick 表明/證明了什么，這個魔術(shù)的原理就是，讓一個人想著其左邊、或右邊，當你觀察一個人的眼球的時候，其眼球會跟著轉(zhuǎn)左或右。這就是說這個例子demonsrtate了這句：Ideomotor action is an activity that occurs without our noticing it, without our being aware of it. 所以答案選A。其他選項在原文都沒提及，或者都是無關(guān)的選項。
6.題型類型與分析：考查Lecture對某事物的態(tài)度，為托福聽力高頻必考題!
原文定位與分析：
題目問教授的opinion，所以知道是在考查態(tài)度題，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞motor theory定位到原文最后那幾句：
OK. Well, Watson makes the assumption that muscular activity is equivalent to thinking. But given everything we’ve been talking about here, one has to ask: are there alternatives to this motor theory—this claim that muscular activities are equivalent to thinking? Is there anything else that might account for this change in muscular activity, other than saying that it is thinking? And the answer is clearly yes.
Is there any way to answer the question definitively? I think the answer is no.
選項對比與分析：
本題確實有點難。不過可以先用排除法。
C選項出現(xiàn)了最高級most valid，但是原文并沒最高級，因此先排除C選項。
A選項說大部分已知的證據(jù)與該理論是矛盾的，這里原文并沒提及contradict，因此也排除。
B選項出現(xiàn)了比較邏輯，比較的對象是成年人與孩子之間，這里原文根本就沒提及這兩者的比較，是無中生有，也排除B選項!
剩下最后的D選項，有點不好理解，該選項的意思是這一理論既不全被肯定也不全被否定。我們要理解一下最后定位句的意思是：Watson認為肌肉運動=思維。但是作者說，難道除了思維，沒有其他東西可以解釋到(導致)這個肌肉運動嗎?答案是有的。這里的意思是說，教授認為Watson的理論是不完整的，因為還有其他因素可能。
最后一句教授又說，有沒有其他絕對可以回答這個問題呢?也不一定，也就是說，是否真的有其他因素，也不一定的。所以Watson的理論有可能對，也有可能不對。
所以答案選了D：It cannot be completely proved or disproved
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