高一英語必修一知識點整理最全
英語是我們學習的主要科目之一,英語作為國際性語言,學好英語自然有很多好處。學習英語要從最基礎的知識開始學,而且需要端正學習態(tài)度,因為學習外語需要堅持。這次小編給大家整理了高一英語必修一知識點整理,供大家閱讀參考。
高一英語必修一知識點整理
一. 直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。
1. 時態(tài)的變化:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài),即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據(jù)意義進行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
高一英語必修一知識點
【現(xiàn)在進行時】
1. 表示現(xiàn)在 (說話瞬間) 正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。
[例句] He is reading a newspaper now.
2. 表示當前一段時間內的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作 (說話時動作不一定正在進行)。
[例句] What are you doing these days?
3. 表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表示贊嘆或厭惡等, 常與always, constantly, continually等副詞連用。
[例句] He is always thinking of others.
4. 表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作。常限于go, come, leave, start, arrive等表“移動”、“方向”的詞。
[例句] He is coming to see me next week.
【過去進行時】
1. 表示過去某時正在進行的動作。
[例句] He was sleeping when Mary came to see him.
2. 動詞go, come, leave, arrive, start等的過去進行時常表過去將來時。
[例句] She said she was going to Beijing the day after tomorrow.
【一般現(xiàn)在時】
1. 表示現(xiàn)在習慣或經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常與usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等時間狀語連用。
[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
2. 表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。
[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3. 表示客觀規(guī)律或科學真理、格言, 以及其他不受時間限制的客觀存在。
[例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4. 在有連詞if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引導的時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
高一英語知識點
【知識點】
1.right away毫不遲疑,立刻
2.It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。
從句表示“(在某人)看來好像;似乎”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起來好像…
② Sb./Sth.looks as if/though…
③ There seems/appears(to be)…
There appears to have been a mistake.
2.in ruins.變?yōu)閺U墟
3.Two-thirds
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.under the weight of在……重壓下,迫于
6.in the open air在戶外,在野外,露天
7.take turns to do sth依次,輪流做某事
in turn依次地,輪流地
8.be shocked at對……感到震驚
9.be proud of以……為自豪
10.express one’s thanks to sb/for sth…對/因……表示感謝
11.without warning毫無預兆
12.next to緊接著,相鄰,次于
13.get away from…避免,擺脫,離開
14.disaster-hit areas災區(qū)
15.Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody.
聽英語是一項很重要的技能,因為只有當我們懂得別人給我們說什么我們才能與他交談。
16.It is believed that人們認為…
17.hold up舉起;托住;支撐列舉,推舉
18.make up彌補,虛構,整理,和解,化妝,拼湊
19.be trapped in被困于…
20.It is said that…據(jù)說...
21.be fixed to…被固定到……
22.be tied to…被綁在……
英語必修一知識點
1. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他沒能上電影學院是因為他的分數(shù)太低了。
該句巾的why引導一個定語從句,而that引導表語從句。
1. 句中that引導的表語從句說明主語reason的具體內容,往往被看作是固定句型:The reason is / was that clause. 當主語是reason / cause時,一般不能用because或why引導表語從句,以免造成語意重復。當主語是This / That時,可以由because / why引導表語從句。例如:One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.
【考例】(NMET 1999)
-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[考查目標] 表語從句。
[答案與解析]A 句子的意思是“那就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。
2. why在句中是關系副詞,引導定語從句,修飾先行詞reason,同時它在定語從句中作狀語,此時why = for which,但要注意:關系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時,要用關系代詞that或which。
【考例】(2002上海春招)Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
[考查目標]定語從句。
[答案與解析]A what,how不能引導定語從句,排除B、C兩項;the reason在定語從句中作explained的賓語,可填that / which,或者也可以省略。
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 好多看過這個片子的人一想起片中鯊魚食人的場面.就不敢下海游泳了。
該句是一個復雜長句,從when到句子末尾是狀語從句,在從句中包含一個由which引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞scenes; 在前面的主句里面。包含一個由who引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞people。例如:Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before class is over.
定語從句關系詞的選擇,要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則,所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物;“顧后”即后面的定語從句,看關系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。例如:This is the factory where he works. (狀語) / This is the factory (that / which) he visited. (賓語)
【考例】(NMET 1992)In the dark street,there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
[考查目標]定語從句。
[答案與解析]D “turn to sb for help”為固定短語,意思是“向某人求助”,所以選to whom。
3. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 當有人問起他成功的秘訣時。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說起他的成功和幸福主要來自于妻子和孩子。
該句中的 "when" 是時間狀語從句的省略形式。在狀語從句中,如果從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it,而且從句謂語動詞是be或包含be時,常常將從句主語與be省略。例如:Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.
【考例】 (2003上海春招) Unless ___to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
[考查目標]狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象。
[答案與解析]A unless為連詞,后面省略了you are,所以選invited。
英語知識點整理
一、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的構成(形式)
外教一對一 一般式 doing being done https://www.yangjiajiao.com
完成式 having done having been done
過去分詞的構成:done
二、過去分詞的用法
過去分詞一般表示完成的和被動的動作,只有一種形式。
過去分詞用法如下:
1.作定語 和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法相同。作定語用的過去分詞如果是單詞,一般放在名詞的前面;如果是過去分詞短語,要放在名詞的后面。
2.作表語
3.作賓語補足語
4.作狀語
三、現(xiàn)在分詞的用法
1. 作定語 作定語用的分詞如果是單詞,一般放在名詞的前面。如果是分詞短語,一般放在名詞的后面,它的功用相當于定語從句。
2. 作表語
3. 作賓語補足語 分詞在復合賓語中可作賓語補足語。可帶這種復合賓語的動詞有:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。
學好英語的竅門是什么
首先,背單詞,單詞是基礎,一定要把單詞記熟,背單詞。睡前背,早上起來背,效果最好。根據(jù)那你的情況,背單詞的時候一定要把讀音結合上一塊背。背名詞的時候要結實物背,比如說背杯子,你可以對著你的杯子說cup,這樣的方法有趣又有效。詞組一定要背。自己準備一個小本子,把你遇到不會的題解決之后記到一個小本子上。
其次,要多讀,多張嘴,這樣可以快速提高語感,在做完型填空的時候就很會很容易得選出答案。做題的時候可以不根據(jù)語法也能做對題。
然后,一定每天堅持做閱讀,閱讀在考卷中占得比例特別大,所以一定要多做。要有耐心。印刷體最好練一下。
最后,多背一些作文模板,在考試的時候可以把一些亮點的句子用到作文中。
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