小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)
英語語法是針對英語語言進(jìn)行研究后，系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)歸納出來的一系列語言規(guī)則。英語語法的精髓在于掌握語言的使用。那么具體該如何總結(jié)呢?下面是小編為大家整理的小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)6篇，希望大家能有所收獲。
小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)1
一般過去時(shí)態(tài)
(a) be 動(dòng)詞的過去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 動(dòng)詞過去式：
肯定句： I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.
否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
He didn’t make model ships last week.
動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：
1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3.末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式：
am，is-was， are-were， do-did， see-saw， say-said， give-gave， get-got， go-went， come-came， have-had， eat-ate， take-took， run-ran， sing-sang， put-put， make-made， read-read， write-wrote， draw-drew， drink-drank， swim-swam， sit-sat
小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)2
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用來表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)是：be (am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式，幾種句型：
一、陳述句(肯定句)
主語+be (am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞，如：
I am reading English.我正在讀英語。
He is writing.他正在寫字。 You are running.你正在跑步。
二、一般疑問句
Be(Am, Is, Are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞， 如：
1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌嗎? -Yes, I am.是的，我在唱歌。
(No, I'm not.不，我不在唱歌。)
2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在聽音樂嗎?
-Yes, he (she) is.是的，他(她)在聽音樂。
[No, he (she) isn't.不，他(她)不在聽音樂。]
三、特殊疑問句
疑問詞+be (am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞，如：
1. -What are you doing?你正在干什么?
-I am doing my homework.我正在做作業(yè)。
2. -What is he (she) doing?他(她)正在干什么?
-He (She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在騎自行車。
與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的詞：look(看)、listen(聽)、now(現(xiàn)在)，
Look! Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。
Listen! She is singing.聽!她正在唱歌。
I am cleaning my room now.現(xiàn)在我正在打掃房間。
小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)3
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：
We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。
如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：
Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work?
小結(jié)：
通常用時(shí)間狀語 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑問句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.
My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)4
形容詞的比較級
1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則：
⑴一般在詞尾加er ;如：tall-taller
⑵以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ;fine- finer
⑶以輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾(除ow結(jié)尾)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ;如：big-bigger
⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。如;happy- happier
(5)兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級前加more 如：beautiful-more beautiful
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級：
Good/well-better， bad/ill – worse , much /many –more , little –less, few – fewer , far –further
賓語
賓語一般用在及物動(dòng)詞的后面，表示行為動(dòng)詞所涉及的對象。
一、名詞作賓語
Show your passport, please.
請出示護(hù)照。
二、代詞作賓語
He didn't say anything.
他什么也沒說。
三、數(shù)詞作賓語
How many do you want? - I want two.
你要幾個(gè)?- 我要兩個(gè)。
四、名詞化的形容詞作賓語
They sent the injured to hospital.
他們把傷員送到醫(yī)院。
五、不定式或ing形式作賓語
They asked to see my passport.
他們要求看我的護(hù)照。
I enjoy working with you.
我和你們一道工作很愉快。
六、從句作賓語
Did you write down what he said?
你把他的話記下了沒有?
小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)5
系動(dòng)詞亦稱聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟
表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。
說明：
有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。
He fell off the ladder.
他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，單獨(dú)作謂語。
1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞
用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。
2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞
用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie,
stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。
3)表像系動(dòng)詞
用來表示;看起來像;這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動(dòng)詞
感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet.
這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動(dòng)詞
這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get,
go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時(shí)間就富了。
6)終止系動(dòng)詞
表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, trun out, 表達(dá);證實(shí);，;變成;之意，例如：
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。
小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)6
1.人稱代詞
主格： I we you she he it they
賓格： me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i，再+er heavier, earlier
(5) 不規(guī)則變化： well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I’m = I am
you’re = you are
she’s = she is
he’s = he is
it’s = it is
who’s =who is
can’t =can not
isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book,
a peach
an egg
an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時(shí)間： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動(dòng)詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句：
There is a … There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?
Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.
13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).通常用“now”. 形式：
be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動(dòng)詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑問句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can,must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)
(a) be 動(dòng)詞的過去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 動(dòng)詞過去式：
肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.
一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化：
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied
eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant
eg: stop --stopped
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：
is/am—was,
are—were,
do—did,
have/has—had,
make—made,
fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,
take—took,
run—ran,
sing—sang,
drink—drank 等等
17. “Wh-” questions.
What are you doing? What colour is it?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
How much is the toy bear?
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