雅思大小作文有哪些注意事項(xiàng)
雅思寫(xiě)作有哪些注意事項(xiàng)呢?要說(shuō)雅思寫(xiě)作，除了注意拼寫(xiě)，注意時(shí)間分配等普遍的注意事項(xiàng)之外，小作文和大作文分別都有各自在內(nèi)容上的一些注意點(diǎn)。下面小編就和大家分享雅思寫(xiě)作有哪些注意事項(xiàng)，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
雅思大小作文有哪些注意事項(xiàng)
雅思大作文寫(xiě)作的注意事項(xiàng)
No.1開(kāi)頭段使用模板太多
考官對(duì)模板深?lèi)和唇^的程度可能超過(guò)很多考生的想象，而且，如果考生在第一段還使用大量惡俗的模板，還在第一句說(shuō)with the development of society，那他會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他的成績(jī)單上的作文得分會(huì)在4分左右。其實(shí)，翻翻雅思考官的范文，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，考官在第一段只干了兩件事情：引出背景+表明觀點(diǎn)，甚至很多考官只干了第一件事情(引出背景)，僅此而已。但是，考官的首段會(huì)很具體，會(huì)和文章特定場(chǎng)合掛鉤
No2 不會(huì)使用四段論等于慢性自殺
很多考生對(duì)四段論的框架貌似了解，一談起作文段落安排就會(huì)滔滔不絕：第一段引出主題，第二段陳述支持的理由，第三段陳述反對(duì)的理由，最后一段總結(jié)。這其實(shí)是一個(gè)非常害人、沒(méi)有任何說(shuō)服力的段落安排，如果翻開(kāi)劍橋雅思考官給出的滿(mǎn)分范文，幾乎每篇文章都在告訴我們這樣一個(gè)真實(shí)有用的段落安排：第一段引出主題及拓展+ 第二段反面論證及支持理由+ 第三段對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)及駁論+ 第四段總結(jié)及補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。而且，段落之間的巧妙銜接也增強(qiáng)了文章的論證能力。建議考生多多研讀考官范文，真的能看出門(mén)道出來(lái)，而不是沉浸在自己似是而非的理解里。
No.3 作文還要加標(biāo)題
英語(yǔ)考試有一個(gè)國(guó)際慣例(common practice)：寫(xiě)作文時(shí)不需要加標(biāo)題，直接寫(xiě)正文就行。加標(biāo)題屬于浪費(fèi)感情，浪費(fèi)表情。而且，這個(gè)標(biāo)題可能太大，一篇250字的文章不能承擔(dān)標(biāo)題之重;這個(gè)標(biāo)題可能太小，只照顧到你這篇文章的一小部分;這個(gè)標(biāo)題可能加錯(cuò)了，意思與文章相反，反而會(huì)誤導(dǎo)考官?？傊?，不需要加任何標(biāo)題。
No.4 留給大作文的時(shí)間太短
考官明確提出，Task 2 carries more weights(大作文占的分量要比小作文大)，而且考官在改作文的時(shí)候確實(shí)以大作文為主。但是考生在考試的時(shí)候，小作文控制不住時(shí)間，寫(xiě)得過(guò)于詳細(xì)，最后留給大作文的時(shí)間只有半個(gè)小時(shí)不到，這樣做就死定了。所以，我們建議小作文的時(shí)間控制在20分鐘以?xún)?nèi)，超過(guò)20分鐘沒(méi)寫(xiě)完也不要再寫(xiě)了，而寫(xiě)大作文的時(shí)間一定要大于等于40分鐘。
No.5 從來(lái)不知道"駁論"為何物?
如果你還不知道雅思作文要寫(xiě)"駁論"，那你就真"后知后覺(jué)"了。中國(guó)學(xué)生經(jīng)常忽略了這個(gè)強(qiáng)大的論證段落，而考官經(jīng)常在他們的范文里使用這個(gè)武器(具體請(qǐng)見(jiàn)劍5的P165，劍6的P164，劍7的P173)。其實(shí)，這個(gè)強(qiáng)大的武器很好操作，第一步：先把對(duì)方主張的觀點(diǎn)，或者是對(duì)方對(duì)我的批評(píng)擺出來(lái)，加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的理由(這很好找吧);第二步：加一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，通常會(huì)說(shuō)"但是，他們太簡(jiǎn)單化了";第三步：先寫(xiě)一個(gè)in fact，再寫(xiě)我針?shù)h相對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)，或駁斥對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)。這樣就輕松搞定了一個(gè)段落。建議大家回頭研究一下這個(gè)強(qiáng)大的武器，用正確了可以增分不少。
No.6 尾段開(kāi)始描繪藍(lán)圖
中國(guó)學(xué)生喜歡在最后一段發(fā)出感慨，呼吁各方攜手為美好的明天努力。這種結(jié)尾寫(xiě)法已經(jīng)被考官唾棄久矣，因?yàn)樵谒麄兛磥?lái)，大作文的尾段只需要滿(mǎn)足三點(diǎn)：1)重申總論點(diǎn);2)針對(duì)對(duì)立面的讓步;3)重申一個(gè)或兩個(gè)主要分論點(diǎn)。大家寫(xiě)到最后一段，不要再發(fā)揮了，趕緊收住就OK了。
雅思小作文寫(xiě)作的注意事項(xiàng)
1. For the writing task 1 introduction, can I copy words from the chart?
對(duì)于雅思寫(xiě)作小作文的開(kāi)頭段，我能抄圖表中的單詞嗎?
Yes, try not to use too many words from the question, but it's a good idea to take a few words from the graph/chart itself. The labels on the chart can help you to paraphrase the question statement.
答：是的可以，盡量別用太多題目中的單詞，但是使用圖表中的詞匯是個(gè)好方法。圖表中的標(biāo)簽可以幫你復(fù)述題目。
2. For process diagrams, can we suggest ways of improving the process?
對(duì)于流程圖，我們可以給出一些改善流程的建議嗎?
No, you should never include opinions or suggestions in your task 1 essay. Just describe what you see.
答：不，你不能在Task 1小作文中包含任何意見(jiàn)或者建議。只能描述圖表中所能看到的內(nèi)容。
3. Can I use "illustrates", "indicates" or "mentions" instead of "shows"?
我能用"illustrates", "indicates" 或"mentions"來(lái)代替"shows"嗎?
I tell my students to use "shows", "illustrates", "compares" or "gives information about". You don't need to learn any more ways. I wouldn't use "indicates" or "mentions" because they're not quite right for the context.
答：我跟我的學(xué)生說(shuō)，你只用"shows", "illustrates", "compares" 或"gives information about"就夠了，不必學(xué)那么多的表達(dá)。我不會(huì)使用"indicates" 或"mentions"，因?yàn)樗鼈冇迷谛∽魑闹胁缓线m。
雅思寫(xiě)作需掌握的三種特性
雅思寫(xiě)作中特別注重的兩方面是寫(xiě)作技能和寫(xiě)作方法。其中寫(xiě)作方法表示寫(xiě)作時(shí)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)容等具體方面。在雅思作文中首先，一個(gè)段落必須有一個(gè)中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來(lái)表達(dá)。整個(gè)段落必須緊扣這個(gè)主題(stick or hold to the topic)，這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性(unity)。
其次，一個(gè)段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開(kāi)，從而給讀者一個(gè)完整的感覺(jué)，這就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者，一個(gè)段落不是雜亂無(wú)章的，而是有機(jī)的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個(gè)句子到另一個(gè)句子的過(guò)渡必須流暢(smooth)，這就是連貫性(coherence)。下面我們就對(duì)這三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別加以說(shuō)明。
1.統(tǒng)一性
一個(gè)段落內(nèi)的各個(gè)句子必須從屬于一個(gè)中心，任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請(qǐng)看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country。文中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)irrelevant sentences，一個(gè)是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I，中間出現(xiàn)一個(gè)Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關(guān)。考生在作文卷上常常因?yàn)樵斐鰅rrelevant sentences(不相關(guān)語(yǔ)句)而丟分，值得引起注意。再看一個(gè)例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個(gè)irrelevant sentences，一個(gè)是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個(gè)是My mother was a premature baby。
從上面兩個(gè)例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會(huì)造出來(lái)irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問(wèn)題就更嚴(yán)重了。
2.完整性
正象我們前面說(shuō)得那樣，一個(gè)段落的主題思想靠推展句來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，如果只有主題句而沒(méi)有推展句來(lái)進(jìn)一步交待和充實(shí)，就不能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒(méi)有得到相對(duì)圓滿(mǎn)的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺(jué)。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work--you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個(gè)推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問(wèn)題。什么是“a mind in turmoil”(心境不平靜)Physical work又如何能改變這種情況?為什么它能起therapy的作用?讀者得不到明確的答案。
若要達(dá)到完整就必須盡可能地簡(jiǎn)明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達(dá)的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗(yàn)證。上述兩個(gè)推展句只是在文字上對(duì)主題作些解釋?zhuān)麄€(gè)段落內(nèi)容空洞，簡(jiǎn)而不明。如果用一兩個(gè)具體的例子的話(huà)，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3.連貫性(coherence)
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個(gè)方面，前者指的是內(nèi)在的邏輯性，后者指的是使用轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)。當(dāng)然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒(méi)有意連，句子之間就沒(méi)有內(nèi)在的有機(jī)的聯(lián)系;反之，只有意連而沒(méi)有形連，有時(shí)行文就不夠流暢。
1)意連
段落中句子的排列應(yīng)遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就寫(xiě)什么。如果在下筆之前沒(méi)有構(gòu)思，邊寫(xiě)邊想，寫(xiě)寫(xiě)停停，那就寫(xiě)不出一氣呵成的好文章來(lái)。下面介紹幾種常見(jiàn)的排列方式。
A.按時(shí)間先后排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours ----- it must have been close to noon ---- the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從"rose"(起床)寫(xiě)起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直寫(xiě)到這一天結(jié)束("By nine--")。
B.按位置遠(yuǎn)近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如：From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫(xiě)法是由遠(yuǎn)及近，從遠(yuǎn)處("from a distance")寫(xiě)起，然后"get closer"，再到(" ten feet away")，最后是"inside the pagoda"……當(dāng)然，按位置遠(yuǎn)近來(lái)寫(xiě)不等于都是由遠(yuǎn)及近。根據(jù)需要，也可以由近及遠(yuǎn)，由表及里等等。
C.按邏輯關(guān)系排列(logical arrangement)
a.按重要性順序排列(arrangement insgroupsof importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達(dá)能力，它的重要性與職業(yè)，身份有關(guān)，從"not need much skill"或"of little importance"到"more important"，最后是"most important"。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A ---- the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個(gè)general statement作為主題句，然后通過(guò)5個(gè)"perhaps"加以例證。
c.由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題：為什么兩只貓會(huì)被搞混。然后對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行比較，末句才下結(jié)論。
2)形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)及其他手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。請(qǐng)讀下面這一段文字并找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語(yǔ)：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies --- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語(yǔ)有兩種，一種是轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)(transitional words or phrases)，另一種是起轉(zhuǎn)換作用的其他連接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his.本段1有詞匯105個(gè)，所使用的轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)及其他連接用語(yǔ)共26個(gè)詞，約占該段總詞匯量的四分之一。由此可見(jiàn)，掌握好transitions不僅對(duì)行文的流暢(smoothness)有益，而且對(duì)于學(xué)生在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)寫(xiě)足所要求的字?jǐn)?shù)也是不無(wú)好處的。
一個(gè)段落里如果沒(méi)有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個(gè)例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)一個(gè)起過(guò)渡作用的"it"之外，沒(méi)有使用其他的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ).這樣，文中出現(xiàn)許多重復(fù)的詞語(yǔ)，全段讀起來(lái)也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾的話(huà)，這一段就成了下面一個(gè)流暢連貫的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
4.有損連貫性的幾種情況：
考生在寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)下面幾種錯(cuò)誤：
1)不必要的改變時(shí)態(tài)，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2)不必要的改變單復(fù)數(shù)，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3)不必要的改變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫(xiě)作中，一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)，人稱(chēng)以及數(shù)的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。
雅思小作文常見(jiàn)類(lèi)型解析
小作文一般都是圖表作文，常見(jiàn)的幾種主要類(lèi)型有：表格圖，曲線(xiàn)圖，柱狀圖，餅狀圖和圖畫(huà)題五大類(lèi)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，柱圖和線(xiàn)圖是每月?？嫉念}型，有時(shí)候會(huì)有連考或者交替考的趨勢(shì)。
餅圖和表格題也是相對(duì)頻率較高的題型。偶爾也會(huì)考綜合題。圖畫(huà)題主要分為流程圖和地圖題，一般每季度輪換題庫(kù)的時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)。不管考到哪種題型，其要求都是一致的，先要挑選重要數(shù)值并且在相關(guān)處作比較。
在雅思A類(lèi)小作文圖表題的寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中，考生經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到圖表看懂了，但因數(shù)據(jù)比較凌亂，找不出很明顯的特征，或者找到了很多特征，卻不知道應(yīng)該用什么樣的思路來(lái)把圖表當(dāng)中的重要信息和規(guī)律特征有機(jī)自然的聯(lián)系貫穿起來(lái)的情況。專(zhuān)家將從動(dòng)態(tài)圖表和靜態(tài)圖表的角度來(lái)詳細(xì)分析小作文的解題思路。
一、動(dòng)態(tài)圖
有時(shí)間推移變化的圖我們通常叫做動(dòng)態(tài)圖。曲線(xiàn)圖都是動(dòng)態(tài)圖，但是對(duì)于表格圖，餅圖和柱圖卻有動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)之分。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)圖我們都可以大致當(dāng)作線(xiàn)圖來(lái)處理。動(dòng)態(tài)圖重點(diǎn)在數(shù)字變化的表達(dá)上，利用主語(yǔ)句型的不同和銜接關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)展開(kāi)。寫(xiě)好動(dòng)態(tài)圖的基礎(chǔ)是要準(zhǔn)備好三個(gè)方面：
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的動(dòng)態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為四步：①先相減(年份大的減小的);②后分類(lèi)(上升一類(lèi)，下降一類(lèi));③挑出極值(最大值);④挑選數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系，變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 線(xiàn)圖的解題思路大致分為兩種：第一種：①按整條線(xiàn)來(lái)寫(xiě)(可以把相同趨勢(shì)的線(xiàn)放在一起，也可把相反趨勢(shì)的線(xiàn)拿來(lái)做對(duì)比);②挑選重要信息(整體趨勢(shì)，起點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)，最高點(diǎn)，最低點(diǎn));③整體作比較。第二種：①按時(shí)間區(qū)間來(lái)寫(xiě)(橫軸對(duì)上去有共同拐點(diǎn)或交點(diǎn)的分為一段);②對(duì)比著寫(xiě)(強(qiáng)調(diào)交點(diǎn)，拐點(diǎn)，最高點(diǎn)，最低點(diǎn));
3). 動(dòng)態(tài)柱圖解題思路：把各個(gè)柱子的頂點(diǎn)連起來(lái)就是幾條線(xiàn)，所以按線(xiàn)圖方式處理;
4). 動(dòng)態(tài)餅圖解題思路：把每種顏色看做一條線(xiàn)，可把相同相反的顏色放在一起寫(xiě)，很多時(shí)候也可以把占的比例最大的單獨(dú)寫(xiě)一部分。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 趨勢(shì)詞匯
上升動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar
下降動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip
波動(dòng)動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：fluctuate
持平動(dòng)詞類(lèi)：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant
修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞：slightly 輕微地，slowly 緩慢地，gradually 逐漸地，steadily 穩(wěn)定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 溫和地，輕微地，significantly 明顯地，sharply 明顯地，dramatically 急劇地，drastically 急劇地
上升名詞類(lèi)：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge
下降名詞類(lèi)：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop
波動(dòng)名詞類(lèi)：fluctuation
修飾名詞的形容詞：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic
2). 極值類(lèi)詞匯和表達(dá)
最高點(diǎn)：reach the peak/top/highest point
Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉increase)
最低點(diǎn)：reach the bottom/lowest point
drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉drop)
占了：occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute
3). 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式
Double 是兩倍/大一倍
Increase/decrease three times 增長(zhǎng)/減少了三倍
4). 大約的表達(dá)方式
Approximately/About/around+數(shù)字
3. 常用的小作文的趨勢(shì)句式表達(dá)
句式一：變化主體/圖畫(huà)中主體+趨勢(shì)動(dòng)詞+副詞+數(shù)值+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.
句式二：There be+形容詞+表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
句式三：時(shí)間+see/experience/witness+ 表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+ 變化的主體+ 數(shù)值
Eg: The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.
句式四：表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間
Eg: An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
二、靜態(tài)圖
靜態(tài)圖常見(jiàn)的是柱圖，餅圖和表格題。靜態(tài)圖的寫(xiě)作思路相對(duì)比較多元化，重點(diǎn)在比較關(guān)系上，利用比較句式和排序方式來(lái)展開(kāi)。我們主要也從以下幾個(gè)角度來(lái)分析：
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的靜態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為三步：①先分類(lèi)(橫向，縱向或者橫豎交替);②挑出極值(最大值與最小值);③挑選剩余數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系，兩個(gè)數(shù)值，變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 靜態(tài)柱圖解題思路：第一種：①按顏色來(lái)分類(lèi);②總體做比較。第二種：①按特征分(把有相同特征的分在一起);
3). 靜態(tài)餅圖解題思路：①若單個(gè)餅圖不相關(guān)時(shí)，單個(gè)餅圖分開(kāi)寫(xiě)最后整體總結(jié);②若是同一相關(guān)事物的比較也是按顏色特征先分類(lèi)，后作比較。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 占據(jù)：
take up / make up / occupy/ account for
Constitute / be the instrument of 致成物
2). 剩余事物：
the rest
the remainder
sth is in the charge of
due to/owing to/attributed/ascribed to/ for sth
60%= three-fifths/three out of five
5/6=five-sixths
a/the majority of = a large portion/ part/ share / proportion/ percentage
>80% (93%)= a lion’s share/maximal proportion of
5%= a minority of, a tiny portion
37.8%= comparatively a majority of (<50%的最大值)
87%/76% = comparatively a minority of
3. 靜態(tài)圖表示數(shù)值方式句式表達(dá)
1). 多個(gè)事物的排列法一(餅圖，柱形圖，表格)
①A is the largest/smallest/longest...
②B is a close/far second with just+數(shù)字less.
或者：which is followed by B.
③Third comes C with only +數(shù)字
或者：C is close/far behind with +數(shù)字
或者：C takes third spot/place with +數(shù)字
④Following C comes D with +數(shù)字
⑤Finally/the rest is ,……
2). 多個(gè)事物的排列法二(餅圖，柱形圖，表格)
A occupied the maximal portion of the 研究對(duì)象, with 數(shù)字, while B accounted for comparatively less rate, with only _(占據(jù)), ranking second. Furthermore, the third, forth and fifth places(或者用數(shù)字)altogether of the 研究對(duì)象 was shared by C,D and E(共享). The remaining part of it was due to F, G, H, I and J which follow the same trend and taking sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth respectively.(剩余)
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雅思大小作文有哪些注意事項(xiàng)
