2020托福寫作綜合寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
托福寫作綜合寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)是什么?這個(gè)必須得提前了解，下面小編就和大家分享托福寫作綜合寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀。希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作綜合寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
一、5分---滿分
解析：綜合寫作5分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給出了四項(xiàng)要求：第一，要求考生從聽力當(dāng)中找尋到重要信息。第二，要清晰準(zhǔn)確地陳述閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系。綜合寫作閱讀和聽力目前只考察一種關(guān)系：聽力反駁閱讀。第三，文章組織良好。其中文章結(jié)構(gòu)框架可以用句型和模板;文章語言組織難度遠(yuǎn)低于獨(dú)立寫作，因?yàn)榫C合寫作不能摻雜任何個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)，要求客觀陳述讀到和聽到的內(nèi)容，因此需要的主要信息均來自閱讀和聽力。第四，滿分是可以允許有偶爾的語言小錯(cuò)誤。很多同學(xué)困惑何為嚴(yán)重的語言錯(cuò)誤，何為小錯(cuò)誤，我們只要通過一個(gè)簡單的判斷：影響語義理解的都可以被看作嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。綜合寫作特別強(qiáng)調(diào)如果有極少量語言錯(cuò)誤依然可以拿到滿分。
建議: 若追求5分滿分，將聽力內(nèi)容記多記全，聽力聽得越好，拿到滿分的希望越高。
二、4分---高分
解析：綜合寫作4分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依然先考察學(xué)生是否從聽力中找尋到重要信息，并且考察是否能清晰準(zhǔn)確地陳述閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系，這兩點(diǎn)上和滿分要求一致，那一分扣在哪里了呢? 4分和5分不同的地方評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用了一個(gè)“but”轉(zhuǎn)折，如果考生寫作中出現(xiàn)陳述聽力內(nèi)容時(shí)出現(xiàn)小的遺漏，不精確，模糊或者不準(zhǔn)確將被扣除1分?；蛘哧愂鲩喿x和聽力關(guān)系有誤，聽力反駁閱讀天然拿分，因此陳述關(guān)系的句型框架要提前準(zhǔn)備。如：The lecturer made the point that……，which differs from the main idea in the reading that……。最后4分也有對語言錯(cuò)誤的要求?？傮w而言，綜合寫作的評(píng)分對于語言的要求要低于獨(dú)立寫作。并不對遣詞造句提出嚴(yán)格的要求，而只是對錯(cuò)誤的頻率和嚴(yán)重程度進(jìn)行了界定。
建議: 若想綜合寫作不失分，謹(jǐn)記聽力筆記，謹(jǐn)防聽力內(nèi)容寫出偏差。
三、3分—中國考生平均分
綜合寫作的分?jǐn)?shù)分布是橄欖形的，中間段最多，滿分和低分都很少。綜合寫作的閱讀難度遠(yuǎn)低于托福閱讀，綜合寫作的聽力難度也不難于托福聽力，但是綜合寫作拿到3分以上卻不簡單。 很多考生參加托?？荚嚦隽丝紙龈杏X綜合寫作很好，大部分都聽懂了，結(jié)果出來分?jǐn)?shù)就不理想。這到底是為什么呢?我們看一下綜合寫作3分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
解析：綜合寫作3分依然首先要求從聽力當(dāng)中找尋到重要信息，并闡述聽力和閱讀的關(guān)系是怎樣的。如果你犯了以下一個(gè)或者多個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，就會(huì)被打到3分。其中第二項(xiàng)是中國考生常被扣分的原因：聽力遺失一個(gè)要點(diǎn)將被扣除兩分。綜合寫作聽力一共有幾個(gè)點(diǎn)呢?3個(gè)。
建議: 注意聽力每段的主要內(nèi)容，并寫作時(shí)不要出現(xiàn)措辭偏差。
四、2分-以下—低分
解析：綜合寫作2分以下主要是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生沒有太聽懂聽力。
建議:用托福聽力Lecture作為練習(xí)材料，每天三個(gè)小時(shí)以上練習(xí)聽寫。一個(gè)月后再開啟練習(xí)綜合寫作題目。
從綜合寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)再到我們對各個(gè)采分點(diǎn)的解析，我們得出結(jié)論：贏聽力者，得綜合寫作。
托福作文分?jǐn)?shù)換算是如何操作的?對于托福作文評(píng)分：
1、共有四位老師評(píng)分，2位評(píng)綜合，2位評(píng)獨(dú)立。
2、原始分?jǐn)?shù)0-5分，綜合兩位老師評(píng)分平均2.5-3.5 fair 4-5 good，同理獨(dú)立平均給等級(jí)。
3、由于0-5分中沒有0.5的評(píng)分所以平均值沒有0.25和0.75的出現(xiàn)，所以寫作沒有19分21分26分等分?jǐn)?shù)，復(fù)議的同學(xué)即使成功也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)上述分?jǐn)?shù)。
Converting Rubric Scores to Scaled Scores
Writing Section of the New TOEFL IBT TEST
writing rubric mean scaled score
5.00 - 30
4.75 - 29
4.50 - 28
4.25 - 27
4.00 - 25
3.75 - 24
3.50 - 22
3.25 - 21
3.00 - 20
2.75 - 18
2.50 - 17
2.25 - 15
2.00 - 14
1.75 - 12
1.50 - 11
1.25 - 10
1.00 - 8
托福寫作：題庫范文附思路解析
1. The most important thing you want to change about your hometown If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
『分析』
改變其環(huán)境，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)好的環(huán)境會(huì)使人們
更加快樂
更加健康
更加有效率
相關(guān)題目：[52]、[141]、[165]都可以選擇改變其環(huán)境。這些題目實(shí)際上可以用一篇文章應(yīng)對。
『范文』
I was born in a small town named Hailin, located in the North-East of China. The most serious problems in my hometown are the backward ideas about a woman's place in the family, school, workplace, and society. These negative stereotypes hurt not only women, but all of society as well. If possible, I would change the attitudes of the people in my hometown so they would view men and women equally. Discrimination against women in my hometown begins before they are even born. Because people here believe that only a man can carry on the family line, every family wants to have at least one son. Each family is only supposed to have one child because of the overpopulation problem. This means that if a family can find out a fetus is female before it is born they might abort it. Or in other cases, people will have many female babies before they have a son, which only makes the population problem worse. If female babies were considered as important as male babies, then these two problems probably would not exist. Discrimination against girls continues as they go to school and work. The prevalent stereotype is that women are not as smart as men and we shouldn't waste time and money educating them. Families often insist that their daughters stay at home and help with housework while sending their sons to school. Girls are born every bit as smart as boys and equally deserve to reap the benefits of education. Many of the world's famous scientists and leaders are women, from Marie Curie to Margaret Thatcher. We need to eliminate the stereotype that women are less intelligent than men so that our community can benefit from the achievements that women are capable of making when armed with education. In fact, women need to be respected enough to hold professional and leadership jobs in our community. This would mean that in the classified section of newspapers, there would no longer be jobs for "men only." We will never know how many women could have done those jobs better than a man could have until the parents of every baby girl decide that their daughter is worth as much as their son. This is probably the most important thing that I want to change about my hometown.
2. The influence of movies or television on people's behavior How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
『分析』
電影、電視等大眾傳媒(mass media)往往可以對人們的行為產(chǎn)生影響
通過改變?nèi)藗兊膬r(jià)值觀、世界觀、審美觀而改變?nèi)藗冃袨?/p>
通過制造“社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)”而使大眾不停地討論一件事情
通過滿足人們的幻想，或使人們處于平衡狀態(tài)，或使人們一定程度上失衡
『范文』
The impact that movies or television has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the scope of which continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their gender, commonly part of which is dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually the knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird bad words. The major means that movies and television influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Movies offer people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the Dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet on the Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? Television also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (to know). The "important" issues are being discussed over and over or in the beginning of a program. The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last part. By prearranging public issue, movies and television make decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definitely in minority; the public in whole indeed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the movies and television. In brief, movies and television, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss "the important issues", has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society. We have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source of information, experiences, entertainment, amusement andrelaxation.
3. Has television destroyed communication among people? Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
『分析』
不.能.同.意.這.個(gè).觀.點(diǎn).。一方面人們看電視的時(shí)間越來越多;另外一方面人與人之間的關(guān)系越來越冷漠。但是這兩個(gè)現(xiàn)象并不是完全、直接的因果關(guān)系。造成人們關(guān)系冷漠的原因很多，比如，來自方方面面的壓力：工作、生活。
『范文』
While television has been somewhat harmful in its effects, it has hardly "destroyed" communication among friends and family, although for some people, the assertion that television has destroyed communication among friends and family seems pretty plausible. Television, invented in last century, with its wide availability, increasingly prosperous programs, becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in the history, and is more and more difficult to ignore. Television is as much a part of our lives as are our meals, work, or school; studies consistently show that the average American child spends almost as much time watching television as does he or she in school. We all have only 24 hours a day and it is clear that the more time one spends on watching television, the less time one does with his or her family and friends. Hence the passage printed in the newspaper or magazine titled "Television took my husband away." Tempting as such claim might be, it is hardly true. Instead of television, it is the increasing pressure of modern life that took her husband away. We have no definite evidence to say people nowadays endure more pressures than did their counterparts in the past, but it is absolutely true that people nowadays undergo great pressures that come from various directions, including work, school, economy, and so forth. Investigations show that people who earn more than RMB 50, 000 annually spend at least 60 hours on work per week, much more than those who earn RMB 20,000 annually. Today a bachelor's degree may no longer guarantee a decent pay, more and more companies post their want ads claiming that applicants must have at least master's degrees, which take two or three years longer. People nowadays have very little time for anything; television is merely among many other factors that affect communication, and is definitely not the main cause of degradation. It seems that the more one is educated, the more one is aware of the deleterious effects that excessive television causes, and either deliberately avoid it or actually do not enjoy it. On the other hand, there really are many people addictive to television. But the fact is, were television not existent, surely these people would have found other escapes, such as alcohol or gambling for example. In other words, people always find a way to do what they want to do. Therefore, I can hardly agree that television has destroyed communication among friends and family.
4. Live in a small town or in a big city?
Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
『分析』
生活在大城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)：信息發(fā)達(dá)，工作機(jī)會(huì)多，生活設(shè)施完善;人情淡薄
生活在小城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)：溫馨，安靜，空氣好;人們相互了解、友善;信息閉塞;沒有好工作陳述自己的偏好(可以采取"it depends"的策略，不同的階段有不同的偏好)
相關(guān)題目：[20]
『范文』
People seldom agree with each other even in such trivial issues as preference between a big city and a small town. It's a little bit haste to say that it is better to live in a big city than in a small town, or vice versa.Living in a big city has several benefits. First, there're more job opportunities readily available in big cities than in a small town. Moreover, not merely are there more job positions in big cities and the qualities of the position are much higher as well. In addition, the pay is more decent. Second, children are supposed to be able to receive an education with a higher quality compared with their counterparts who live in a small town. For families,children's education is always put in the first place. Finally, living in a big city usually has a superior living standard to that in a small town. There are more commodities and services in city markets; there are more public utilities available in big cities; there are even much more television channels in big cities.However, living in a small town also has some advantages. People who live in a small town often have a much comfortable life style. Most of them do not have to suffer high working stress. Although the average pay is much less than that of big cities, the price of daily necessities, such as vegetables or meat, is usually less expensive. Instead of suffering loneliness which is prevalent in big cities, children might grow up more healthily because of harmonious relationship among residents in small town. People in a small town do not have to get up so early in the morning because there has been no traffic jam, and nobody drive so fast in a small town as to cause car accidents. They might have fewer channels in television, but they have more friends readily available to chat or entertain with. According to my current situation, although I am longing for the cozy atmosphere and relationship among neighbors and friends which almost only exist in small cities, I have chosen to live in one of the biggest cities in my country—Beijing, since I have found a pretty good job here, and a decent pay. I think I would prefer living in a small town when I get retired one day.
5. Does luck have anything to do with success?
“When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
『分析』
nothing是一個(gè)絕對詞，所以，不能完全同意也不能完全不同意。選擇“很大程度上同意”。
指出luck確實(shí)存在指出可能導(dǎo)致人們成功的若干原因：誠實(shí)、睿智、幽默;執(zhí)著;肯于做不喜歡的事情[27];
相關(guān)題目：[27]、[63]
『范文』
Here is a true story, a story about an African man called Cinque who slew a most terrifying beast that any one has ever seen, a lion. His siblings in the village who know about this anecdote gave him great respect and call him the big man. However, he told the truth later. "It had killed several people, even hunters among us. Everyone including me was afraid. "I was lying down with my family, when out of nowhere it appeared. "As it came for me, I picked up a big rock and I threw it. And that wasn't bravery, because any man would do the same to protect his family. "But by some miracle, you see, I hit it. I don't know how that killed it, but it did. A rock, you see, a rock. "I received the gratitude of everyone in the village. I was given respect. They treated me as if I was a prince. They gave me the finest country cloth. All these things they gave me, I took them all. But I knew I didn't deserve it, for when I threw that rock at that beast, if I missed it, I wouldn't be sitting here today trying to explain these things to you or somebody else, I'd just be dead. I'm not a big man, just a lucky one." You see, luck does exist. When it appears, mathematicians describe in such a way that something has an extremely small probability but it does happen. People often say, one has to have an opportunity to succeed. In this case, luck is the opportunity, and to some extent is an indispensable factor to achieve success.
When people say luck has nothing to do with success, I wonder it is not their intention to deny existence of luck, but to encourage. Because luck in fact is a factor that one can not and should not count on, even though we know people who have succeeded have their own luck. It is somewhere, but nobody knows where. It happens sometime, but we don't know when. By contrast, hard work is something that everyone can count on, and as is often the case, hard work might bring luck. Therefore, luck itself is of no hope, and lack of luck should not be an excuse to failure.
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