2020托福寫作的三個(gè)重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
托福寫作有三個(gè)重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你知道是哪三個(gè)嗎?下面小編就和大家分享托福寫作的三個(gè)重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作的三個(gè)重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
第一，連接詞過渡句
任何形式的英語文章中都應(yīng)該具備一定量的連接詞(路標(biāo)詞)，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯兄谧x者順利閱讀的“導(dǎo)航坐標(biāo)”;大多數(shù)考生在備考時(shí)也的確會(huì)準(zhǔn)備一系列此類連接詞，用于文章每個(gè)段落的段首;包括有表示“第一，第二，第三”等的連接詞。但是單純有段首連接詞還不足以支撐全文的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此考生應(yīng)該同時(shí)準(zhǔn)備段中連接詞，包括“比如說，因?yàn)?，但是，相對比而言”等，粗略估?jì)，全文完成下來可以達(dá)到15個(gè)以上的路標(biāo)詞，不僅承接了全文，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰明了，而且也為時(shí)間緊張下的寫作減輕了不少字?jǐn)?shù)壓力。以下為常用連接詞：
1， 第一：in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin with/ first of all/ first/ firstly
2， 第二：in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continue/ second/ secondly
3， 第三：in the third place/ last but not least/ third/ thirdly
4， 一方面、另一方面：on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ for another
5， 表原因：because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owing to
6， 表結(jié)果：so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence
7， 表舉例：for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ to illustrate
8， 表承接：besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more/ in addition/ additionally
9， 表轉(zhuǎn)折：but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless
10，表比較對比: to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/ on the contrary
…
當(dāng)然，僅僅依靠連接詞是不足以表明全文的連貫性的，適當(dāng)?shù)奶砑舆^渡句也是很好的承接手段，如Official Guide To The New TOEFL P263中有一篇關(guān)于DISHONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY 的5分范文中就有出現(xiàn)多處明顯的段落過渡句，如第三段首“After stating that everyone’s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling…”用來承接上下兩段，以引出自己的觀點(diǎn)看法;第五段首“Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite…”等都明顯具備良好的過渡功能，讓全文更加流暢舒服，朗朗上口。
第二，內(nèi)在論證統(tǒng)一
Official Guide To The New TOEFL這一官方指南中也明確在寫作部分提到“但要知道，僅僅使用第一，第二這樣的連接詞并不能保證作文結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，還要注意讓所有的觀點(diǎn)與文章的主題相關(guān)，緊扣中心思想。換句話說，作文要有統(tǒng)一性，評分原則中提到的統(tǒng)一性，漸進(jìn)性和連貫性這些都是評估作文結(jié)構(gòu)是否嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，讀者能否比較容易地跟上作者思路的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！蓖ㄟ^上段敘述，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)作文論證統(tǒng)一性的重要性。
而事實(shí)上這也正是被許多考生所忽略的問題。在拿到試題后，考生們不是先騰出時(shí)間構(gòu)思結(jié)構(gòu)框架，而是急著抓住哪怕是一分鐘的時(shí)間動(dòng)筆寫作，其實(shí)如此的選擇是要不得的，建議各位考生在考試時(shí)不要舍不得這準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)間，正所謂“磨刀不誤砍柴功”;因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)你事先構(gòu)思好而不是邊想邊寫，你才能真正做到論證內(nèi)容的一致性，觀點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的統(tǒng)一性，也才能真正取得高分。另外，用最直白的作答應(yīng)對題目的提問，用單邊的手段安排整篇文章成5段的總分總思路是十分適用的。
托?？荚囎魑莫?dú)立寫作范文：電影比電視更有教育意義
Do you agree or disagree: The movies are worth watching only if they can teach something in real life.
寫作范文參考:
No matter who you are, you are definitely in a dire need for excitement and thrill. Then, a controversy might appear among the public whether citizens should only watch those movies that can teach something in real life. Some of you may only watch those movies that can help to expand one’s knowledge and reveal the life stories, however, I strongly disagree with the statement and I think there will be a variety of reasons to watch movies.
Initially, entertainment is the principle reason for the entire world watching movies. Be it comedy, science-fiction, drama or action, movies are a medium of leisure and recreation for every single individual ranging from those on streets to the high and mighty residents in penthouses. Put it in another words, the greatest of all benefits of watching a movie is that it entertains you and calms your tumultuous heart down. Take me as an example. I feel very tired after the full devotion to my career in a week and there is no time for the gym and outdoor activities just because of the busy work schedules. Then, I will choose to lie on my couch and watch movies of many kinds with a bowl of munchies like popcorns and sodas during the weekends. By being engrossed in a comedy show that can evoke hearty laughs, I will encounter situations with a positive frame of mind. Besides, when watching the horror movies, I will feel excited, scared, and emotional during those two and a half hours, leading me to be transferred to a world far away from the reality. Obviously, no matter what kind of movies they are, they will be worth watching if they can entertain you.
Another general concern about movies is that they can help fasten the bonds between families. More often than not, what audiences are more focused on, during the process of watching movies, is the time they spend with their families rather than the well-orchestrated plots or the life lessons they might disclose. Current citizens can afford to spend too much time having fun like traveling around the city or having a party because most of them are under huge pressure from the society and most of their time has to be occupied by a variety of professional tasks. However, watching movies won’t consume too much time, serving as a stress buster and lubricant to strengthen relationship with families. Almost at every weekend, I will hang out with my girlfriend to watch movies whatever the genre is and staying with each other at that moment can help shorten our mental distance and we can just hold hands of each other and feel so close between us. Accordingly, my personal experience can help explain how we spend with our families or lovers like watching movies matters more than what we can learn from the movies.
In a word, I don’t think only those movies that tell us important life stories are worth watching. What I truly believe is those movies that can entertain audiences and provide viewers with a chance to stay with each other are more welcomed.
托?？荚囎魑莫?dú)立寫作范文：如何提升社區(qū)環(huán)境
What is the most useful action for people to help environment in their local communities?
1. Plant trees and create parks
2. Persuade local shops to stop providing plastic bags for consumers
3. Increase access to public transportation (such as buses and trains), and reduce the automobiles on roads
寫作范文參考:
With the sense of community becoming much stronger, how to protect the environment of local communities has never failed to attract the attention of the general public. Therefore, when it comes to which is the most feasible measure to help environment, among planting trees and building parks, encouraging local shops to stop using plastic bags, and improving public transportation, people's notions may vary from one to another. Towards such a long-running tug-of-war, I am inclined to claim that the first option is the best.
Firstly, growing trees and constructing parks can definitely help to ameliorate the environment. For one thing, more trees will contribute to the improvement of the air quality of the whole neighborhood. As is common sense, the prosperous industrial development has produced large amounts of waste gas, with the result that the haze and smoggy weather shroud quite frequently the major cities in our country. The current air condition necessitates the planting of trees, which can purify the contaminated air to a large extent. In other words, trees, the lung of the earth, play a vital role in absorbing some harmful gas and producing more fresh air through photosynthesis. For another, the public parks can be helpful to increase the biodiversity of the local community. Accompanying the rapid urbanization, an increasing number of natural lands have been utilized for constructing factories, shopping mall and skyscrapers, which greatly diminishes the natural habitats of animals, such as birds and squirrels. In this case, parks become the only place which can serve as habitats for those animals. Accordingly, the species of animals living here can become more diverse.
In addition, there are certain limitations for the other two options. Admittedly, reducing the use of plastic bags and making public transportation more accessible may also be conducive to the environmental protection in some degrees. To illustrate, if the plastic bags are prohibited, the so-called white pollution will be relieved. Also, easier access to public transportation means less use of private cars, which leads to the reduction of car exhaust. However, in comparison to planting trees and building parks, the above two measures enjoy less popularity among the residents of the community and thus are unlikely to be implemented. The underlying reason is that growing trees and constructing parks can create a more comfortable living environment while the other two choices can bring about more inconvenience. To be more specific, if shops stop the use of plastic shopping bags, the customers have to take a cloth bag while shopping. Also, taking public transportation will take longer time than driving the private cars, which means that commuters have to get up much earlier than before. It is self-evident that whether a policy can be carried out directly determines its effect, which is especially true of the above situation.
Taking what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that the most effective way of protecting environment in local communities is to plant trees and create parks.
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