實(shí)例詳解托福綜合寫作中的概括能力

眾所周知，托福寫作中的綜合寫作要求考生結(jié)合從閱讀和聽力部分中獲取的信息來進(jìn)行文章的撰寫，而其中有一條比較嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則就是禁止照搬原文，這就要求大家對(duì)于閱讀看到和聽力聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行一定的概括。下面小編就和大家分享實(shí)例詳解托福綜合寫作中的概括能力，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

實(shí)例詳解托福綜合寫作中的概括能力

什么是托福綜合寫作中的概括能力?

在綜合寫作中，對(duì)綜合寫作閱讀內(nèi)容的總結(jié)和闡釋不能照抄閱讀文章原文，因此 概括能力(summarization skills)和成為了綜合寫作的核心能力。所謂概括能力，是指將段落中的論據(jù)或細(xì)節(jié)通過遞進(jìn)、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系進(jìn)行組織。

托福綜合寫作概括能力實(shí)例講解

我們來看下列的段落：

The online questionnaire is able to feature many online options to help a respondent complete the survey that normally he or she might not be able to receive. For example, there could be a glossary to explain an unknown word. Also, the questionnaire submission is much easier, done at the click of a button instead of wasting time and effort via mailing the forms.

這個(gè)段落的分論點(diǎn)是many online options(在線選項(xiàng))可以幫助很多問卷調(diào)查者(respondents)更好地完成問卷。通過論據(jù)和細(xì)節(jié)的展開，我們知道這些 online options 既包括 glossary 對(duì)不熟悉的單詞進(jìn)行解釋，又包括easy submission

所以用一句話來概括這段話，應(yīng)該為：

There are more online features that are helpful for questionnaire respondents, such as glossaries to explain unfamiliar words and easy submissions at the click of a button.

再如：Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow them. Genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields of food, fruit, or other products, and be hardier. This allows tree farmers to get faster and greater returns on their farming investment and save on pesticides as well.

這個(gè)段落的分論點(diǎn)是 genetically modified trees(轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木)帶來許多經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。通過論據(jù)和細(xì)節(jié)的展開，我們知道這是因?yàn)?genetically modified trees 生長(zhǎng)的更快、產(chǎn)量更大、更為耐寒;而這些特質(zhì)使得樹農(nóng)投資回報(bào)更快、更多，并且節(jié)約了殺蟲劑的開支。

用一句話來概括這段話，應(yīng)該為：

Genetically modified trees bring tree farmers many economic benefits, including favorable returns on their investment and savings on pesticides.

了解了托福綜合寫作中概括能力的價(jià)值和具體作用，希望大家也能夠在備考中主動(dòng)鍛煉好這項(xiàng)能力，以避免扣分提升行文水準(zhǔn)。

托福寫作：題庫(kù)范文附思路解析

1. How can schools help new students with their problems?

When students move to a new school, they sometimes face problems. How can schools help these students with their problems? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

『分析』

以下是大學(xué)生剛剛?cè)雽W(xué)可能遇到的問題：

留學(xué)生面臨文化沖突

心理問題，比如想家，獨(dú)立性不夠……

不了解本地地理

不懂本地方言(廣州)

學(xué)習(xí)方法不適應(yīng)

面對(duì)眾多選修課程不知所措

不懂得使用圖書館資源

如何提供幫助?

? 設(shè)置相應(yīng)課程，輔導(dǎo)老師

? 舉辦相應(yīng)活動(dòng)

? 設(shè)置網(wǎng)站，F(xiàn)AQ列表

『范文』

Moving to a new school is often a traumatizing experience. The student must go through the sometimes arduous process of making new friends, while attempting to keep up with school and keep in touch with old friends. There are many ways in which the school could help ease this process. In order to make new students feel less anxious about their new surroundings, it would be beneficial for the school to start a welcoming committee. Such a committee would include students from all age levels, who are particularly friendly. The committee would organize small events during lunch hours and after school to help the new student feel at home. For example, the committee could organize a lunch followed by a tour of the playground.

This would allow the new student to make new friends.

Schools should also train teachers on how to properly deal with new students. The first thing the teachers should do is to attempt to seat the new student around others who will be a good influence on him/her. This is of utmost importance, as a young student must be encouraged to socialize with smart, friendly students who have a strong work ethic.

Furthermore, a teacher must ensure that the student has a firm grasp of all the topics being taught. It is possible that the student's previous school taught different subject matter, or worked at a slower pace. The student might need extra help to catch up with the rest of the students. Conversely, a new student might be more advanced than the other students at his/her new school. If this is the case, the teacher must organize activities for the student so he/she does not become disinterested in learning. In sum, schools can greatly facilitate a student's arrival to their premises. By enlisting the help of the students and properly instructing the teachers on how to deal with such situations, the student will feel welcome and at home in his new environment.

2. Can borrowing money from a friend harm the friendship?

It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your answer.

『分析』

不同意比較好寫一些(因?yàn)橥獾脑?，顯得心里陰暗)

確實(shí)，有些時(shí)候，借錢給朋友之后，朋友之間的關(guān)系不再那么單純、友好了——在沒有利益關(guān)系

存在的時(shí)候，友誼顯得更美好;

然而，破壞友誼的不是借錢這件事情，是借債者的人格問題;

另外，借錢可能也是考驗(yàn)友誼的好機(jī)會(huì)。

『范文』

There is a popular saying that if you lend a book to a friend, you lose the book and the friend. Truer words have never been spoken. Borrowing anything, especially money, can put a high level of stress on one's friendship, and is usually not worth the pain.

The first reason why borrowing money from a friend is not a good idea is because if one forgets or does not pay back the friend, the friendship could be lost. Everyone has a busy life, and it is easy to forget details. If one borrows 100 yuan from a friend, he/she can easily forget about the situation, or perhaps even think he/she has already paid back his/her friend when he/she didn't. This, of course, leads to trouble in the relationship. The friend does not know whether to ask for the money or not, as doing so could be conceived as rude.

The lender can only wait so long before he/she believes that the borrower has forgotten about the debt. At this point, the lender will begin to ask the borrower for the money, which, as mentioned above, is an uncomfortable situation. The lender does not want to have to ask for the money back, and the borrower does not want to be reminded that he/she is indebted to someone. Finally, asking a friend for money is a bad idea because it is possible he/she will refuse your request. For example, if a poor person befriend a rich person, the poor man might ask his/her friend for money. If the rich person would rather not lend out his/her money, he/she is put in the awkward situation of having to refuse his/her friend, which could harm the friendship.

Overall, I think it is a terrible idea to borrow money from friends, or lend money if it is requested. While we would like to think that our friendships are strong and true, in many cases, they are not. If you do lend money to a friend, perhaps it is best not to expect to be repaid. By treating the situation like this, one will not be upset if a friend does not return the money, and will have a pleasant surprise if the money is repaid.