托福寫作中的錯誤問題解析
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托福寫作中的錯誤問題解析
1. 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因為她要她做她的伴娘。)
讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個句子可改為：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。
剖析：句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為：
We can also know society by serving it ourselves。
2. 不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
剖析：這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“There are many ways?！?以及“We get to know the outside world。”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
3. 措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題，囿于教學(xué)時間緊迫，教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤比比皆是。
例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。
改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。
4. 累贅(Redundancy)
言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him。
例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。
剖析：整個句子可以大大簡化。
改為：ligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。
5. 不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。
剖析：The fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。
改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。
6. 綜合性語言錯誤(Comprehensive Misusage)
所謂“綜合性語言錯誤”，是指除了上述十種錯誤以外，還有諸如時態(tài)，語態(tài)，標點符號，大小寫等方面的錯誤。
例1.Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.
托福寫作高分滿分范文點評和思路解析：學(xué)生需要上體育課嗎?
托福寫作難點話題一覽
Should we spend all school day studying or set aside some time for exercising?
Some people say that physical exercise should be a required part of every school day. Other people believe that students should spend the whole school day on academic studies. Which opinion do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析
同意前者更容易寫一些。身體健康對每個人都很重要，并且是學(xué)習(xí)進步的前提。體育訓(xùn)練可以使學(xué)生學(xué)到很多東西，比如團隊精神。合理的課程設(shè)置是學(xué)校的責(zé)任，學(xué)校應(yīng)該想辦法保證學(xué)生的健康。
本話題高分范文賞析
Some people believe that it is important to have physical activities as part of a child's everyday curriculum at school. Others disagree, and argue that students should spend all of their time on academic studies. personally, I believe that physical education is a vital part of an education as it teaches children to take care of their bodies, how to work as a team, and gives them a method of releasing tension and aggression. Humans have always known about the importance of taking care of our bodies, but it seems that in recent years, we have gradually forgotten this important fact. It is absolutely necessary to get some physical activity at least a few times a week, and engraining this idea into children when they are young is the best way to ensure their health for life. Physical exercise usually involves teamwork of some sort. Much of the exercise that young people get involves games such as basketball, volleyball, or football. All of these sports teach children how to work together to achieve a common goal, in this case, winning. I also believe that allowing the children to work together in a fun environment, rather than only on academic projects, brings a stronger sense of camaraderie, which helps the children to have healthy relationships with others. Finally, physical exercise is an excellent way to release tension and aggression. If one is particularly stressed about school or life, getting exercise can help the person to relax. As for letting out aggression, it is much healthier to kick a football than it is to hit someone who has made you angry. Exercise should definitely be a part of a student's education. Exercise has much more to offer than simply getting "a break" from academics. Physical exercise can balance out a student's hectic life, and make it much more pleasurable.
托福寫作高分滿分范文點評和思路解析：設(shè)立研究所的目的
托福寫作難點話題一
A center for business research or for research in agriculture?
A university plans to develop a new research center in your country. Some people want a center for business research. Other people want a center for research in agriculture (farming). Which of these two kinds of research centers do you recommend for your country? Use specific reasons in your recommendation.
寫作思路展開結(jié)構(gòu)分析
本題不存在傾向性，兩者擇其一展開合理論述即可。如果選擇商業(yè)研究，陳述中需闡明開展商業(yè)研究的必要性;如果選擇農(nóng)業(yè)研究，也需要給出充分的理由。另外題目中有提到針對國情的推薦，因此也需要聯(lián)系我國的實際情況來進行論述，比如根據(jù)我國情況，建議偏重農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)研究，同時加強市場的調(diào)控等等。
本話題高分范文賞析
China is currently one of the fastest growing economies in the world. A new research center whether business or agriculturally based, would be beneficial for both our country and the rest of the world. When considering if it would be more valuable to build a business center or an agricultural center, one must realize that both fields of research work hand in hand with each other to develop and expand a country's economy. In a bustling economy like China's, either research center would have great value. There is no doubt that a country's economy is strongly influenced by its ability to not only feed its own people, but also to export agricultural products to other countries. In this sense, an agricultural research center would help further development in China's sustainability and further the country on a global scale. An agricultural research center would also be a great idea in China, as our country already has excellent agricultural techniques. By having this type of research center in China, the world's knowledge on this important field would grow exponentially. Agriculture also has the ability to employ a large percentage of the population, and through agricultural research, these people's efforts could be used in a more efficient manner. A business research center would also be an excellent idea in China. As China becomes more and more prone to the power of globalization, a business research center would allow China to not only keep up with the business-minded West, but also, this type of center could possibly allow our country to surpass the West in new business ideas. China has the largest population in the world, and therefore, the business industry is bound to grow at an alarmingly fast rate. In conclusion, I believe that either of these centers would be beneficial to our country. Perhaps the best solution would be to raise funds for both of the centers, and allow the two centers to work together to build a better China.
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