托福寫作如何引用素材數(shù)據(jù)

托福寫作如何引用素材數(shù)據(jù)?使用寫法技巧實例講解，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽魅绾我盟夭臄?shù)據(jù),希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作如何引用素材數(shù)據(jù)?使用寫法技巧實例講解

托福寫作中如何引用數(shù)據(jù)提升說服力?

所謂數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)，就是一些包含詳細具體數(shù)字，能夠對某個觀點或者看法進行直接支持或反駁的論據(jù)，這類論據(jù)的特點是有很強的說服力，同時具備較高權威性，缺點是使用起來并不容易，胡亂運用容易演變成單純的數(shù)據(jù)堆砌。

托福寫作引用數(shù)據(jù)技巧實例分享

話題1

Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past

寫法分享

We may quote the research conducted by a major education in order to discover whether children are doing homework with technological assistance: among the 100 parents who were interviewed, over 90% of them admitted the face that their children could never do without using computers or other electronic tools.

這篇例子中引用了一組數(shù)據(jù)，100對夫妻中90%的人承認孩子對電腦和其它電子工具有依賴性，這組數(shù)據(jù)對于文章觀點起到了很好的支持作用，也簡單直白的告訴了大家實際情況，這種數(shù)據(jù)引用無需任何修飾，本身就具有很強的說服力。

話題2

Grades encourage students to learn.

寫法分享

Researchers at China Academy of Social Sciences conducted a survey in 10 key high schools in Shanghai. They drafted a list of questions centering on motives to study hard at school and asked the students to fill out the questionnaire. Among the 2,000 students who wrote out their answers, over half of them mentioned the desire to gain high grades in the National College Entrance Examination.

2000學生中超過半數(shù)為了分數(shù)而學習，這也同樣對文章觀點起到了支持作用，比起一些空泛的例子來說這樣的數(shù)據(jù)顯然也更為直觀明確。當然，這類數(shù)據(jù)論據(jù)需要大家提前背熟，雖然好用但對于大家的記憶要求還是比較高的。

托?？荚噦淇脊ヂ?如何有效備考托福寫作

1、針對不同話題思考自己的觀點

經過了范文學習的過程，就可以開始針對不同話題的文章思考自己的觀點，列出提綱，尋找supporting details。這樣，在做好了充分的準備后，就可以有準備地開始真正的練筆階段。特別要說明的是，如果同學們沒有好的模擬寫作小軟件，建議使用windows自帶的寫字板，切忌使用Microsoft Word等具有糾錯功能的軟件進行模擬寫作。在練筆的最初階段可以不計時間，但熟悉了寫作的流程后一定要每次寫作都計時，模擬真實的考試環(huán)境。

2、培養(yǎng)聽力和復述能力

Integrated writing部分是聽力和寫作的結合，不需要大家發(fā)表個人觀點，因此考察的是聽力能力和復述的能力。在聽力前的三分鐘要認真閱讀題目中的文字，文字中會有3個支持文字觀點的論據(jù)，聽力則會針對這三個觀點逐個展開。對于聽力部分，同樣提醒大家要多做筆記，記住細節(jié)，在作文展開中體現(xiàn)出來。因為綜合寫作的模式比較固定，因此可以提前準備好模版和固定的句式。注意，一篇高分的綜合寫作一定有變化多樣的句式，這個在我們準備模版的時候一定要體現(xiàn)出來。

3、積累優(yōu)秀詞匯、句型和文章結構

最開始練習independent writing時，同學們往往會遇到不知如何下手的問題。因此，在練習的初期，可以先閱讀一些新托福寫作的范文、相關書籍;精讀里面的文章，注意作者的文章結構和展開方式，同時積累例子和細節(jié)。這樣，我們對于獨立寫作的套路就有了基本的了解。另外在關注文章的展開方式時，我們同樣可以學習范文里的句式結構和高深的詞匯。并不是鼓勵大家抄襲，而是真正地掌握較高級的句子結構和較復雜的詞匯，這些都會給我們的作文加分。

托福寫作模板:在決定長期工作前年輕人應嘗試不同工作

016年托福寫作真題題目：

2016年10月15日托福獨立寫作題目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people should try several different jobs before they take a long term career.

2016年10月15日托福獨立寫作真題重現(xiàn)

(A/D) Young people should try different jobs before they take a long-term career.

題目大意：在決定長期工作之前，年輕人應該嘗試不同的工作。此題并不難，思路也很容易想。建議，選擇同意，理由一可以獲得多種技能，理由二可以找到自己最合適的職業(yè)。

托福寫作模板及參考答案：

托福寫作模板參考一:

2016年10月15日托福獨立寫作參考范文：

Currently, with the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce, the job-hunting has been brought under the spotlight of the mass media. The senior and experts strongly proposed that young people should try different jobs before taking a lifelong career, while the youngsters may hold the opposite viewpoint. As far as I am concerned, the former view is more reasonable, with the reasons listed below.

In the first place, different jobs will equip the young with multiple skills and professional knowledge in various fields. As we know, the completion of every job, simple or complex, requires differing abilities and expertise in certain area. As a result, young adults who take different jobs will grasp the knowledge in a new area and increase their potential capability to a large extent, thus having the well-rounded development. To be specific, to be a waiter or waitress in a restaurant enables us to cultivate interpersonal skills since we may encounter tons of people from all walks of life. Being a manager will help to improve the organizational skills and leadership, because the successful running of a department depends on the ability of leaders. Undoubtedly, those people with more than one skills will have an edge over other competitors in the future job market.

In addition, another conspicuous benefit of taking different jobs before you settle on the lifelong career is that the young have the chances to find the most suitable position. It is never uncommon to hear that many employees who have worked for three or more years complain that the work they take is not what they are good at or what they like. Consequently, their enthusiasm or passion for their jobs is relatively in a low level, which has negative influence on the development of themselves and their company. The best way to deal with the above problem is to allow youngsters to try different types of work at first and take the one which suits them most. The experience of my friend, Kozer, is a good case in point. After graduating from the department of foreign languages in Beijing University, Kozer was recruited by a Foreign Trade Corporation due to his excellent English. Unfortunately, he was too introverted to communicate well with strangers, especially with foreigners. Then he resigned from the position and became a teacher in a high school. The same problem occurred again. Finally, realizing his own strengths and weaknesses from the above failures, he found that the most suitable position for himself was to be an editor for China Daily, the most famous English newspaper, because there was no need to talk with many people in this job.

Admittedly, some opponents may assert that it is not necessary for young adults to try different jobs, because it will waste lots of time and even make them miss out some opportunities. However, the above reasoning is far from the truth. To illustrate, only when we have experienced several different kinds of work can we find the one which most fits for us. So the time spent on every try is worthwhile.

In a nutshell, it is safe to conclude that young people should try different jobs before they take a long-term career, in order to gain more skills and find the most suitable position. (By Zhaobo，548words)(新東方 趙波)

托福寫作模板參考二:

2016年10月15日托福獨立寫作范文

The benefits and drawbacks of job hopping have never failed to be the center of debate among employees and employers, and human resource managers of corporations. While some people believe that constant job hopping brings more benefits than pitfalls, others state that the disadvantages of switching between jobs before settling down greatly outweigh the benefits. Personally, I think trying out different positions is beneficial to one’s future career based on the following reasons.

Admittedly, switching between jobs will make your employers suspicious about your judgment and question your commitment and loyalty to the company, however, the taking different jobs gives a professional countless benefits, like diverse background, broadened social network, better compensation and benefits, etc.

First off, more job experience provides an individual exposure to different industries and more professional experience, eventually it is conducive for someone to find his or her real expectation and ultimate career goal in the long run. In a small company, employees might have intimate and close friendships with each other, and there is no standard procedure of daily business operation. However, in a colossal corporation, employees have a clear professional boundary and they have to follow strict regulations and procedures when conducting business. Having a chance to work in both small and big companies will help individuals to know which type of company fits them best and they can choose their future career according to their preference. Also, having working experience in different industries and various sized companies makes the employees more flexible and adaptable in distinctive working environments. Future employees will value those who have exposure to a variety of challenges and can bring new ideas and changes to the company.

Additionally, working in different companies and industries gives an individual more opportunities to explore new social networks and thus enjoy a much more promising career in the near future. An individual can expand his or her social and professional networks after having worked in different places, where one can plant roots and farm relationships and eventually these connections will prove to be very helpful in the near future. This is especially true in today’s overly competitive job market, a dynamic and active professional network will probably help you to land better jobs in the future.

In conclusion, it is more advisable to take different jobs before settling down permanently since it brings more exposure in different industries, rich professional experience and a more dynamic professional connection. (By Meng, Yan 404 words)

托福寫作解析 得高分必須遵循的10個準則

1、Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end

欲擒故縱的圓周句(periodic sentence)中，強調信息后置。

Eg: Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian mariners whom the decline of their own republics had put at the service of the world and of adventure, seeking for Spain a westward passage to the Indies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese discoverers, lighted on America.

Eg: With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourselves unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war.

2、In summaries, keep to one tense

總結通常使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，如果使用過去時，請保持時態(tài)一致。

3、Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic

不同的段落構成文章，每個段落僅傳遞一個觀點

4、As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning

規(guī)則：每個段落均以主題句開頭，并且首尾呼應。

A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning;

主題句前置

B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence;

段落圍繞主題句展開，后面的句子對主題句進行展開解釋

C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence.

末尾句或者對主題句進行強調，或者闡述主題句帶來的結果。

5、Use the active voice

主動句永遠比被動句直接有力

Eg: There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground

= Dead leaves covered the ground. (清晰生動)

Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired.

= Failing health compelled him to leave college. (簡潔有力)

Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.

= He soon repented his words. (簡潔有力)

6、Put statements in positive form

以肯定的形式表達否定的意思, 避免使用平淡、毫無色彩，猶豫不決和含糊其辭的語言。

Eg：He was not very often on time.

= He usually came late.

Eg: He did not think that studying Latin was much use.

= He thought the study of Latin useless.

Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare does not portray Katharine as a very admirable character, nor does Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works.

= The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is disagreeable, Bianca insignificant.

7、Omit needless words

刪除冗詞

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.

有力的寫作一定簡潔。

Owing to the fact that

=Since (because)

In spite of the fact that

=Though (although)

Call your attention to the fact that

=Remind you (notify you)

The fact that he had not succeeded

=His failure

8、Avoid a succession of loose sentences

別寫流水賬，找找語言的邏輯關系，通過who, which, when, where, and while 這些詞把句子串起來。

9、Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form

Parallel structure 平行結構講究對稱美：內容對等，結構一致。

Eg: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.

Parallel structure: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.

10、Keep related words together

詞的位置決定詞的關系，所以遵循‘物以類聚’，意思關聯(lián)緊密的詞放在一塊。

A: 主謂之間不分割，補充信息需前置

Eg: Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of this church.

Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description of this church. (狀語前置，主謂毗鄰)

B：關系代詞緊隨先行詞出現(xiàn)

Eg: There was a look in his eye that boded mischief.

Eg: In his eye was a look that boded mischief. (名詞look先行，關系詞that緊隨)