托福寫作文章結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置安排方法實(shí)例講解
托福寫作的官方評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有一條是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰(well-organized)，很多同學(xué)對(duì)這條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在理解上的偏差，不知道怎樣寫才能達(dá)到這個(gè)要求。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽魑恼陆Y(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置安排方法實(shí)例講解 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作文章結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置安排方法實(shí)例講解
寫作分段落只是基本操作不算結(jié)構(gòu)清晰
首先小編腰圍大家明確的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知是，并非托福寫作分了幾個(gè)段落就能算是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的。根據(jù)官方指南OG中關(guān)于organization的說明，通過幾個(gè)問句提醒同學(xué)們一篇完整的文章應(yīng)該要包含幾個(gè)部分：開頭段，主體段和結(jié)尾段，并且要分段，結(jié)構(gòu)要清晰。
同學(xué)們往往對(duì)于每部分要寫什么毋庸置疑，但在準(zhǔn)備的過程中，往往重視形式大過內(nèi)容。原則上，在不影響主體段發(fā)揮的前提下，開頭和結(jié)尾的方法以及長(zhǎng)度隨意(OG中介紹了6種開頭方法以及5種結(jié)尾方法)，保證關(guān)鍵的信息給出即可;但從大部分同學(xué)的實(shí)際考試情況來看，開頭和結(jié)尾總傾向于事先準(zhǔn)備好的模板句型;相反，最重要的主體段沒有留足夠的時(shí)間和精力。結(jié)果往往撿了芝麻丟了西瓜。所以除非能夠靈活運(yùn)用OG介紹的方法，否則建議同學(xué)簡(jiǎn)化開頭和結(jié)尾。
托福官方指南OG結(jié)構(gòu)清晰實(shí)例分析
我們看一下OG書上的一個(gè)開頭段例子：
The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, cannot be underestimated, as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general cannot be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.
這個(gè)開頭段的前兩句都在強(qiáng)調(diào)話題(create a new holiday)的重要性，屬于贅述(redundancy)，第三句并沒有很直接給出立場(chǎng)，不符合評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的“有效回答問題”。為了獲得一個(gè)高分，我們需要避免贅述(redundancy)和偏題(digression)。
其次OG中有個(gè)2分的文章，截取每段的第一句話：
In the following, I will illustrate my opinion by two reasons.
First of all, honest make the trust stronger between friends or colleagues.
Secondly, telling a lie always makes things worse not only in work but also in family life.
On the contrary, sometimes it is better to tell a lie to others, such as telling a lie to a patient.
作者想給出2個(gè)理由，從正反論證說實(shí)話在人際關(guān)系中的重要性。而第三段的on the contrary， 看似是對(duì)比論證，然而并非是描述”撒謊的弊端“，所以結(jié)構(gòu)上會(huì)引起困惑。
寫出結(jié)構(gòu)清晰文章兩個(gè)建議分享
關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，一方面建議大家不要大片背誦模板句式然后進(jìn)行堆砌。近期的托福考試中寫作部分已經(jīng)有明確要求Do not use memorized examples.如果不能將模板句式巧妙結(jié)合所寫文章熟練混跡在自己的語言表達(dá)之下，那么建議踏踏實(shí)實(shí)審題。另一方面，平時(shí)可以結(jié)合歷年真題，多訓(xùn)練開門見山的思維方式，然后根據(jù)不同的話題補(bǔ)充相應(yīng)的詞匯短語等語料表達(dá)，不至于無話可說。
托福寫作模板:搬去新地方會(huì)失去老朋友嗎
2016年托福寫作真題題目：
2016年3月26日托福獨(dú)立寫作題目
Agree or disagree:it is often not a good city to move to a new city or a new country because you will lose touch with old friends.
真題重現(xiàn)
It is not a good thing to move to a new cityor country because we will lose old friends.
2016年3月26日托福獨(dú)立寫作解析
該題目從題型分類上來講，不屬于常見題型(絕對(duì)型、對(duì)比型、建議型)，其最顯著的特征是題目本身帶有一個(gè)因果關(guān)系：因?yàn)闀?huì)失去老朋友，所以搬到一個(gè)新地方不是一件好的事情。嚴(yán)格來講，如果從同意的角度來寫，思路可能會(huì)受到題目的限制，即只能想到從失去老朋友這個(gè)角度來論證搬去新地方不好。所以這種題目從不同意的角度更容易寫出邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，內(nèi)容豐富的文章。下面的范文采取不同意的立場(chǎng)，主體段第一段寫，搬去新地方不見得會(huì)失去老朋友，因?yàn)橥ㄓ嵐ぞ呷找姘l(fā)達(dá);第二個(gè)主體段寫，就算老朋友有些疏遠(yuǎn)，也不能因此斷定搬去新地方不好，反而可以開始一段新生活、了解新的文化、結(jié)交新的朋友。
托福寫作范文參考:
2016年3月26日托福獨(dú)立寫作范文
As the technology of public transportation keeps advancing, more citizens can choose to dwell in the cities that are beneficial to their own development. Inevitably, there occurs a controversy whether moving to a new city or country will lead to the rupture of relationship among friends. From my perspective, I think the statement is not sensible.
Firstly, moving to a new country or city will not result in the loss of old friends. To be more specific, the maintenance of friendship doesn’t lie in how far they live with each other and the development of technology has diversified the ways of interacting with friends. The invention of cellphones break the shackles caused by distance and overseas students can choose to communicate with their family members and friends through a variety of Apps like WeChat that makes video calls possible. Except for that, by looking at the pictures popping up all over the social media like Facebook, people can easily capture what is happening to their friends. For instance, my friend Selina took selfie in the Sydney Opera House a week ago and I would learn that she was having fun in the Australia with her picture posted on the Instagram. Therefore, a wide range of advanced electronic gadgets can be used to sustain friendship.
Moreover, instead of losing old friends, city migrants can even enlarge their social circles and achieve more success. Restricted in a city for a long period, people may be trapped in a situation that would block their development and they can gain refreshing experience while immigrating to a new city. My friend of Mine named Michael served as a Market Analyst in a renewed company in Beijing. However, he couldn’t see any progress in recent years and then an opportunity comes out. Because of his five-year working experience, a foreign trade cooperation tried to recruit him as the Market Analyst because the firm was planning to start a new program. Then he grasped the chance and earn a challenging life that he likes even though he was required to work in Shanghai. Our relationship have not experienced any interruption and his strong ability of being adapted to the new environment helps him to make lots of new friends. Accordingly, moving to a new city can, occasionally, help to break the deadlock in our professions.
Admittedly, it can be sensible that friends can be estranged owing to the long distance with each other. Specifically speaking, the chances to meet with each other will be limited a lot. However, as I just put, for one thing, people can talk with each other through various social network software. For another thing, the distance between cities is not a problem anymore since there have been many public transportation tools like the high-speed trains and airplanes that will lead us to anyplace we try to go in a very short period.
In a word, moving to a new city or a new country is good choice under some circumstance. Besides, the highly developed technology can help to strengthen the relations with our friends and the possibilities of living a different life and achieving success can both explain why I stand by the statement that it is a good thing to move.
托福寫作模板:如何提升社區(qū)環(huán)境
2016年9月3日托福獨(dú)立寫作真題：
What is the most useful action for people to help environment in their local communities?
1. Plant trees and create parks
2. Persuade local shops to stop providing plastic bags for consumers
3. Increase access to public transportation (such as buses and trains), and reduce the automobiles on roads
托福寫作范文參考:
2016年9月3日托福獨(dú)立寫作范文：
With the sense of community becoming much stronger, how to protect the environment of local communities has never failed to attract the attention of the general public. Therefore, when it comes to which is the most feasible measure to help environment, among planting trees and building parks, encouraging local shops to stop using plastic bags, and improving public transportation, people's notions may vary from one to another. Towards such a long-running tug-of-war, I am inclined to claim that the first option is the best.
Firstly, growing trees and constructing parks can definitely help to ameliorate the environment. For one thing, more trees will contribute to the improvement of the air quality of the whole neighborhood. As is common sense, the prosperous industrial development has produced large amounts of waste gas, with the result that the haze and smoggy weather shroud quite frequently the major cities in our country. The current air condition necessitates the planting of trees, which can purify the contaminated air to a large extent. In other words, trees, the lung of the earth, play a vital role in absorbing some harmful gas and producing more fresh air through photosynthesis. For another, the public parks can be helpful to increase the biodiversity of the local community. Accompanying the rapid urbanization, an increasing number of natural lands have been utilized for constructing factories, shopping mall and skyscrapers, which greatly diminishes the natural habitats of animals, such as birds and squirrels. In this case, parks become the only place which can serve as habitats for those animals. Accordingly, the species of animals living here can become more diverse.
In addition, there are certain limitations for the other two options. Admittedly, reducing the use of plastic bags and making public transportation more accessible may also be conducive to the environmental protection in some degrees. To illustrate, if the plastic bags are prohibited, the so-called white pollution will be relieved. Also, easier access to public transportation means less use of private cars, which leads to the reduction of car exhaust. However, in comparison to planting trees and building parks, the above two measures enjoy less popularity among the residents of the community and thus are unlikely to be implemented. The underlying reason is that growing trees and constructing parks can create a more comfortable living environment while the other two choices can bring about more inconvenience. To be more specific, if shops stop the use of plastic shopping bags, the customers have to take a cloth bag while shopping. Also, taking public transportation will take longer time than driving the private cars, which means that commuters have to get up much earlier than before. It is self-evident that whether a policy can be carried out directly determines its effect, which is especially true of the above situation.
Taking what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that the most effective way of protecting environment in local communities is to plant trees and create parks.
托福寫作模板:了解跟你觀點(diǎn)相反的人更重要
2016年8月27日托福獨(dú)立寫作題目
It is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion are similar to yours.
托福寫作范文參考:
2016年8月27日托福獨(dú)立寫作范文
With the increasingly diverse means of acquiring information, it has become a common phenonmen that we are exposed to conflicting ideas about a single event, which has aroused deep social concern. A growing boday of average people are wondering whether it is more important to read and watch news presented by people whose opinion is different from your own view than by people whose opinion are similar to yours. From my pesepective, it is advisable to be a good listener to the different viewpoints.
Firstlly, receiving news presented by people with dissenting perspective can help people have access to the comprehensive information and get closer to the truth of the events. As is common sense, every single event or piece of news is not as simple as we expect. So it is an indisputable fact that nobody can have a panoramic view of the truth of the incidents due to the limited experience and knowledge span. In this case, gaining news from our opponents will definitely deliver a brandnew perspective and make us have a second thought of our own viewpoint. In other words, the clashes of different views will temper and refine our opinion about the events, with the result that a whole picture is formed. On the contrary, just selectively listening to the similar ideas, people will become narrow-minded.
Besides that, another potential benefit of obtaining news from those with opposite view is the higher likelihood to make acquaitance with more people. As is known to all, the way person responds to someone whose opinion differs drastically from theirs reveals their true character. To be specific, being tolerant of different voices about one thing reflects that a person is endowed with the quality of inclusiveness and humbility, which can make him/her leave a good impression on others. Consequently, no one, including those from opposing party, will refuse to become friends with humble and inclusive ones. Instead, those solely accepting same opinion are usually self-centered and arrogant so that they not consider others’ thought or feeling but impose their own opinion. Thus it is unlikely that they will build friendship with those with different ideas. Even worse, the alreadly established friendship may also end, once the disagreements occur.
In a nutshell, it is sensible for people to read or watch news from people with dissenting perspective, in order to gain the whole picture of the news and enlarge the social network.
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