實(shí)用閱讀攻略:托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析

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托福閱讀有三大難點(diǎn):詞匯,長(zhǎng)難句和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析,希望可以幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

實(shí)用閱讀攻略丨托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析

一. 托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句

托福閱讀中為什么會(huì)有長(zhǎng)難句?如果托福閱讀中都是簡(jiǎn)單句那也體現(xiàn)不出來(lái)你高超的英語(yǔ)水平。簡(jiǎn)單地來(lái)說(shuō),就是為了測(cè)試你的英語(yǔ)水平,確保你具備像native speaker那樣的閱讀能力,不影響你日后到國(guó)外讀書時(shí)閱讀外文資料。所以理解托福閱讀文章長(zhǎng)難句對(duì)我們英語(yǔ)水平提升是有幫助的,大家一定要積極應(yīng)對(duì)。托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句有多長(zhǎng)?刷過(guò)閱讀題的小伙伴們都知道,長(zhǎng)難句少則兩三行,多則五六行,甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)一整段只有一句話的情況。長(zhǎng)難句通常會(huì)出句子簡(jiǎn)化題(細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題也常涉及長(zhǎng)難句)。長(zhǎng)難句的難點(diǎn)就在于長(zhǎng),中文表達(dá)中很少會(huì)有如此冗長(zhǎng)的句子,所以大家初見(jiàn)英文文章長(zhǎng)難句會(huì)很不習(xí)慣。那么,應(yīng)該如何解決托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句呢?

二. 托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句如何分析

1. 簡(jiǎn)化

解決托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的第一步是簡(jiǎn)化句子。簡(jiǎn)化句子最為有效的方法就是找到句子的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。我們通過(guò)一個(gè)例子來(lái)看看如何簡(jiǎn)化長(zhǎng)難句。

A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

這個(gè)句子很長(zhǎng),但是如果我們找到句子的主干以后就可以將其簡(jiǎn)化成下面的句子:

A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonists and established in their respective communities the idea and the need.

這樣看起來(lái)整個(gè)句子是不是一目了然非常好理解了。其實(shí)只要抓住句子的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),就可以迅速將句子簡(jiǎn)化,了接句子的大意。但是這樣還不夠,接下來(lái)還有一步。

2. 還原

簡(jiǎn)化過(guò)后我們可以迅速了接文章的大意,但是卻缺失了修飾成分,想要全面了解句意,我們要還要將句子的修飾成分歸還給各個(gè)修飾成分。舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句“This is an old computer that works much slower.”的主干就是“This is a computer”,但若是不將修飾成分加回來(lái),我們就不知道這個(gè)電腦的狀態(tài)是“old”,而且“works much slower”。所以完成了簡(jiǎn)化以后要將修飾成分歸位更加全面地了解句意。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句:行為溫度調(diào)節(jié)

The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy),and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).( TPO40,48)

bask /bɑ?sk/ v. 坐著或躺著取暖

substrate /'s?bstre?t/ n. 底物,基片,基質(zhì);被(酶)作用物

diurnal /da?'??n(?)l/ adj. 白天的,白晝的;每日的

hibernate /'ha?b?ne?t/ v. 冬眠

estivate /'i?st?ve?t/ v. (動(dòng)物)夏眠

respectively adv. 各自地

分析:

修飾一:(in behavioral thermoregulation) ,介詞短語(yǔ)

中文:行為溫度調(diào)節(jié)

修飾二:(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ,介詞短語(yǔ)

中文:與基質(zhì)如巖石或土壤進(jìn)行熱交換(接觸熱源)

修飾三:(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ,從句

中文:這包括轉(zhuǎn)移到遮蔽處去乘涼、冬眠或夏眠

修飾四:(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

中文:分別在寒冷或炎熱的天氣減少活動(dòng)

參考翻譯:

行為溫度調(diào)節(jié)主要的要素有:曬太陽(yáng)(日光浴),與基質(zhì)如巖石或土壤進(jìn)行熱交換(接觸熱源),以及每天或每年的躲避行為,這包括轉(zhuǎn)移到遮蔽處去乘涼、冬眠或夏眠(分別在寒冷或炎熱的天氣減少活動(dòng))。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句:地球上的二氧化碳

The answer to the first question is that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth, but now, instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans. ( TPO41, 53)

abundance /?'b?nd(?)ns/ n. 豐富,充裕

atmospheric /?tm?s'fer?k/ adj. 大氣的

dissolve /d?'z?lv/ v. 溶解

limestone /?la?m?st??n/ n. 石灰石

marble /'mɑ?b(?)l/ n. 大理石

分析:

這個(gè)句子的主干是:

The answer to the first question is 從句 , but now, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks

修飾一:(that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth) ,從句

中文:在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到

修飾二:(instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide) ,介詞短語(yǔ)

中文:它不是以大氣中的二氧化碳的形式出現(xiàn)

修飾三:(such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans.) ,介詞短語(yǔ)

中文:例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石

修飾四:(that formed in the oceans.) ,從句

中文:在海洋中形成的

參考翻譯:

第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案是,在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到,但是現(xiàn)在,它不是以大氣中的二氧化碳的形式出現(xiàn),它溶解在海洋里或者通過(guò)化學(xué)作用進(jìn)入碳酸鹽巖中,例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石。


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