GRE考試關(guān)于提高寫作能力324+4.5經(jīng)驗(yàn)談

GRE考試關(guān)于提高寫作能力324+4.5經(jīng)驗(yàn)談,我們一起學(xué)習(xí)一下吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

GRE考試關(guān)于提高寫作能力324+4.5經(jīng)驗(yàn)談

模仿別人的優(yōu)秀文章寫有兩種方式。有些同學(xué)天天寫，但是水平和一年前沒有什么長(zhǎng)進(jìn)。所以光靠自己寫是不行的。沒有什么參照，思想越挖越空，最后就沒什么可寫的了。

所以要先模仿著寫，模仿要有幾個(gè)前提條件：

1.要有可以模仿的文章(最好是帶有說(shuō)理性的文章)

2.你要理解這個(gè)文章，理解它的用詞、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、段落結(jié)構(gòu)

3.這些文章都有正確的中文翻譯。同時(shí)，文章的長(zhǎng)度不能超過(guò)500字。

怎么模仿，我給大大家舉個(gè)例子：首先要分析文章，分析每一句和上一句是什么關(guān)系。美國(guó)人寫作文的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是，通常每段的第一句都包含了整段文字的內(nèi)容，也就是我們常說(shuō)的topic　sentence.。另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是當(dāng)你寫完一個(gè)句子后，你要問(wèn)WHY。你提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后給出一個(gè)圓滿的回答，這就是一篇優(yōu)秀的作文。

再下一步就要具體了。寫作需要兩大能力：

1.抽象的能力(abstract);2.　具體的能力(details/examples)。

具體化并不代表要寫一個(gè)完整的故事。但是任何一篇文章都要給人一個(gè)具體的意向。通過(guò)具體的東西來(lái)描述才能給人塌實(shí)的感覺。具體化只要舉出幾個(gè)地方、幾個(gè)名字、幾件小事就可以了。

為什么好多同學(xué)作文中分?jǐn)?shù)很低呢，就是因?yàn)?，他提出了?wèn)題卻沒有回答。

你通過(guò)不斷的模仿寫作，就可以不斷的糾正語(yǔ)法和詞組錯(cuò)誤。如何把抽象和具體結(jié)合起來(lái)是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，如何在一個(gè)段落中只表達(dá)一個(gè)思想，這是另一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。美國(guó)人的判分特點(diǎn)是，如果你在一段中表達(dá)了一個(gè)以上的思想，那你的分?jǐn)?shù)就不會(huì)高了。

分析完一篇文章后，怎么模仿著寫呢?就是看著中文的翻譯，把上面的英文一字不落的寫下來(lái)，當(dāng)你實(shí)在想不起來(lái)的時(shí)候，再看原文。等到寫完之后，和原文對(duì)照一下，看看是誰(shuí)寫的漂亮。我剛剛開始模仿寫作的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)，模仿了幾天后，寫作水平的確提高了。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)記憶學(xué)原則，這個(gè)單詞你背過(guò)、讀過(guò)，它都不能寫在你的文章中間。如果一個(gè)單詞可以經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在你的腦子和文章中間，那這只證明了一件事，就是你寫過(guò)這個(gè)字。但是你自己寫作你不可能用到這個(gè)字，那就只有一個(gè)可能，就是你在模仿文章時(shí)寫過(guò)這個(gè)字。如果一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)別人寫不出來(lái)，你能寫出來(lái)，那你的分?jǐn)?shù)就會(huì)高。

通過(guò)不斷的模仿你的幾大能力就會(huì)得到提高：

1。你的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤會(huì)越來(lái)越少;2。句子結(jié)構(gòu)能力越來(lái)越強(qiáng);　3。用詞能力大大增加。

一篇文章模仿兩次就足夠了。當(dāng)你模仿了10篇文章之后，你把這10篇文章再模仿一遍。等你模仿完20篇文章，你的寫作能力就會(huì)大大提高了。

二.邏輯思路能力

下面我們要講的是寫作中的第二大能力：邏輯思路能力。

在美國(guó)許多的寫作考試中TOEFL寫作是相對(duì)容易的。因?yàn)樗淖魑念}本身非常簡(jiǎn)單，看到一個(gè)作文題你幾乎就知道該怎么寫。而GRE作文就相對(duì)復(fù)雜了。GRE作文方式永遠(yuǎn)是兩種態(tài)度，兩種方式讓你選擇。它永遠(yuǎn)是有對(duì)照性的。TOEFL作文考：“吃飯是在家里吃好，還是到飯店里吃好”; GMAT考和商業(yè)有關(guān)的：“產(chǎn)品制造出來(lái)是延續(xù)時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)的好，還是延續(xù)時(shí)間不太長(zhǎng)的好”;GRE作文：“在我們這個(gè)社會(huì)中間，現(xiàn)在專業(yè)人士太多了，而有綜合知識(shí)的人太少了。你認(rèn)為我們是更需要具有專業(yè)知識(shí)的人呢，還是需要具有廣博知識(shí)的人?”TOEFL考生活、學(xué)習(xí);GRE 考日常學(xué)術(shù)行為。但是不管它出什么題目，總是會(huì)擺出兩種態(tài)度供你選擇。另外，GRE的作文題目是提前發(fā)給你的，考試時(shí)出的題目絕不會(huì)超出它事先發(fā)給你的題目。它決不會(huì)出讓學(xué)生看不懂的題目。所出的題目永遠(yuǎn)是世界性的，不涉及民族、宗教、政治色彩。

考察普林斯頓所出的全部范文后發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國(guó)人百分之七八十喜歡傾向于一種模式。討論在哪里吃的問(wèn)題時(shí)，要不在家里吃，要不在飯店吃，但是你不要又想在家里，又想在飯店(A　OR　B)。當(dāng)然他們也比較認(rèn)可中間的態(tài)度(C)，也就是說(shuō)，我既要A又要B，我是A和B結(jié)合起來(lái)產(chǎn)生C。事實(shí)上，好多中國(guó)學(xué)生結(jié)合A、B寫是能寫出好分?jǐn)?shù)的。當(dāng)然也有些題目是沒有C這種態(tài)度的。

C態(tài)度這種寫法和A、B的寫法，在段落結(jié)構(gòu)上是有差異的。我先講兩種文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)。

如果是采取A或B的寫法，段落結(jié)構(gòu)是比較簡(jiǎn)單的。通常分為三個(gè)層次，第一個(gè)層次是第一段。說(shuō)明我要采取A還是B。第二個(gè)層次可以不只一段，說(shuō)明為什么選擇A/B是對(duì)的。為什么要有三段呢。因?yàn)楸仨氈辽儆?個(gè)理由，至多3個(gè)理由。美國(guó)人認(rèn)為一個(gè)理由是不夠的，4個(gè)理由絕對(duì)太多。他們最喜歡 2到3個(gè)理由。最后一段就是結(jié)尾，討論B的缺點(diǎn)和部分優(yōu)點(diǎn)，同時(shí)堅(jiān)決強(qiáng)調(diào)你要選擇A。

C模式：它有兩大難點(diǎn)。1。你要表明A和B　的必不可少性，所以你的段落就會(huì)很長(zhǎng);2第二段就要寫A的好處、缺陷都在哪;3要寫B(tài)的好處和缺點(diǎn);4　要證明只有把A和B結(jié)合起來(lái)才能弘揚(yáng)兩者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，避免缺點(diǎn)。這樣的文章是最合情合理的，優(yōu)點(diǎn)是非常的reasonable。缺點(diǎn)是這種文章的長(zhǎng)度比我們前面說(shuō)到的第一種類型的文章，至少要長(zhǎng)出1/3。而你寫的越長(zhǎng)就越容易犯句子語(yǔ)法和結(jié)構(gòu)，以及拼寫的錯(cuò)誤。所以如果你的寫作水平很一般的話，就不要用這種

寫法。但是如果你的寫作水平很高的話，我建議你用這種寫法。尤其是碰到一些我認(rèn)為只有把兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)才能寫好的題目時(shí)。所以GRE作文難就難在它的題目比較難。這種題目有兩種寫作方法，這兩種方法都是能拿6分的。

邏輯思維能力的第二步就是怎么寫好中間這部分。開頭挺好寫的，好多同學(xué)直接照著題目抄，這大可不必，也挺愚蠢的。GRE作文題目也是可以抄的，但是你最好還是自己寫。千篇一律只有幾種開頭的方法：1。說(shuō)大話開頭法：開頭就是一個(gè)宏偉的概括;2。幽默一點(diǎn)的開頭法。3。從自我經(jīng)歷寫起。

下面我們來(lái)具體講一下中間應(yīng)該怎么寫。

首先來(lái)講一下，寫這三個(gè)理由要避免的幾點(diǎn)：

.避免觀點(diǎn)重復(fù);不要講了幾遍其實(shí)都是一個(gè)理由。當(dāng)你一點(diǎn)就能說(shuō)明的時(shí)候，非要講三遍就顯的有點(diǎn)STUPID了。你要從多個(gè)方面來(lái)講道理，而且要盡量把問(wèn)題具體化。

.避免觀點(diǎn)的庸俗化，并考慮美國(guó)人能否接受的問(wèn)題。比如說(shuō)要避免對(duì)任何宗教詞批判太多。因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)搞不懂給你判分的是信什么教的。不能批判任何政治理想。不能貶低自己所在的國(guó)家。美國(guó)人最討厭不愛自己國(guó)家的人。避免觀點(diǎn)的庸俗化，就是我們說(shuō)的有些東西可以想，但是不能寫出來(lái)GRE作文邏輯思路分為兩種。一種是問(wèn)題發(fā)揮型，一種是argument/爭(zhēng)論型。

對(duì)于問(wèn)題發(fā)揮型題目，你怎么發(fā)揮，怎么犯邏輯錯(cuò)誤都沒有問(wèn)題，只要你能保證你觀點(diǎn)的正確，并能用具體的事實(shí)證明你的觀點(diǎn)。而對(duì)于 argument/爭(zhēng)論　型題目就不同了。它的出題方式是給你一段話，這段話后再給出一個(gè)總結(jié)。然后讓你挑出它的邏輯錯(cuò)誤。需要你作的是.它的結(jié)論或者對(duì)其加以補(bǔ)充。你只要拿出三點(diǎn)理由把它.就行了。這三點(diǎn)理由從哪里找呢，從文章里面找，從文章的周邊關(guān)系找，從文章的背后找。

下面舉一個(gè)例子：現(xiàn)在有一種計(jì)算機(jī)儀表設(shè)備，把它安在商用飛機(jī)上之后就必然能避免飛機(jī)在空中的碰撞。因?yàn)橐患茱w機(jī)發(fā)出碰撞信號(hào)后，另一架飛機(jī)就能接收這個(gè)信號(hào)并及時(shí)采取行動(dòng)，從而避免飛機(jī)碰撞。

這里結(jié)論就是飛機(jī)必然能避免碰撞。它的因果關(guān)系是因?yàn)榘惭b了儀表所以能夠避免碰撞。你要說(shuō)的是安裝了儀表不一定能避免碰撞?，F(xiàn)在你就要找出3點(diǎn)理由來(lái)。

1.　文章中沒有任何統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們飛機(jī)的碰撞百分之百是商用飛機(jī)，因此如果避免碰撞，就要在所有飛行物上安裝這種儀表。

2.　安裝了儀表后，是否需要人來(lái)操作。如果是，那么因?yàn)橛腥说脑颍筒荒鼙苊馀鲎病?/p>

3.　要是這個(gè)儀表系統(tǒng)壞了。

4.　也沒有談到氣候問(wèn)題，衛(wèi)星干擾問(wèn)題等干擾因素……

所以Argument文章不需要你有文采，也不需要你有多么好的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，它只是要求你的邏輯沒有漏洞。

大家有時(shí)間的話務(wù)必把AI的提綱都列掉，然后挑重復(fù)率高的寫。比如ISSUE里面有一道The greatest indicator of a nation....。另外有一點(diǎn)很重要的是，特別是對(duì)于A大家在寫完幾篇文章以后，盡快歸納出針對(duì)每一個(gè)instruction的模板，question這種可以寫成一類，然后背出來(lái)。其實(shí)老G和新G的區(qū)別就在于，老G是一套模板走天下，新G準(zhǔn)備4個(gè)模板，就這么簡(jiǎn)單。以后自己聯(lián)系的時(shí)候，就根據(jù)模板來(lái)套，寫到后來(lái)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，你寫出來(lái)的文章，不管題目怎么換，寫出來(lái)的東西看起來(lái)都一樣，這樣Argument算基本練成了。模板最好自己寫，根據(jù)頭幾篇寫的文章來(lái)歸納，比如說(shuō)我關(guān)于specific evidence這種題型，自己歸納的模板就是：) C) S" c2 t) J

The argument is well presented and appears to be relatively sound at the first glance,the author concludes that__________. However, a close scrutiny about the argument will reveal that several specific evidences should be added in order to make the argument to be more cogent and convincing, for example:_________ d$ C' v1 ? A$ w' n/ @( M% x8 ^

Initially, the author must give evidence that_________. If we were to learn that _______, it would obviously weaken the conclusion. It may turn out to be that_____. To make his assurance eloquent, he must provide more specific evidences to consummate his argument.5 q1 v( D5 L& i

Secondly, in order to______, we should also be informed that_______. In the argument, the author only said that__________. It may undermine the argument that if-_______. Without knowing_______, we can hardly accept the conclusion that______2 ^- }% m- i7 Z

Third, the author should eliminate the disturbance of other factors, for example, he should provide evidences that _______. Perhaps_____ or perhaps________. Either of these scenarios, if true, would cast serious doubt on the author’s claim. Without accounting for all other explanations, the arguer can’t reasonably conclude that___________; U% z$ w' U$ r. f" x1 z" e; Q+ s

kTo sum up, the argument is far from powerful enough to substantiate that______________ Before any final decisions are made about_____________, much more specific evidences are to be put forward to make the author’s argument more forceful and cogent.

真正寫的時(shí)候，先把第一段和最后一段都寫了，然后每段寫個(gè)第一句，列出框架。最好能在第一段把你要寫的內(nèi)容都先簡(jiǎn)要概括一下

話題還是回到準(zhǔn)備A的過(guò)程上，當(dāng)你歸納出模板以后，接下來(lái)要做的事情就很簡(jiǎn)單了，找到新老題庫(kù)的對(duì)應(yīng)表，然后自己照著新題庫(kù)一題一題地把提綱列出來(lái)，不會(huì)的看一下老題是怎么寫的。這個(gè)時(shí)候不需要寫很多文章，只是歸納提綱就行，記住歸納的時(shí)候要把可能發(fā)生的情況寫出來(lái)，因?yàn)榈搅丝荚嚨臅r(shí)候想不出可以rival的情況那不是悲劇了，比如這個(gè)題中的一個(gè)evidence：

The reason why students choose Buckingham College.

Perhaps it has qualified teachers.+ m; k& w4 b' n! i

Perhaps tuition fee is lower than colleges at the same level.+ f5 g# z6 G6 `

等你把這兩件事情都做完，A的準(zhǔn)備就差不多了，以后就是每天花半個(gè)小時(shí)左右的時(shí)間一遍遍熟悉題庫(kù)。

按照這種方法，我真正準(zhǔn)備A的時(shí)間只有5天，后來(lái)的那段時(shí)間都只是每天花半個(gè)小時(shí)寫3篇作文的提綱寫的話不用太多，3-4天寫一篇保持手感就行了。

關(guān)于ISSUE，方法也差不多，主要的問(wèn)題就是寫提綱一定要仔細(xì)，把你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)，和引用的例子都寫出來(lái)，不要想著自己能套一些Roosevelt, King什么的，想想就可以了，沒有那么多例子讓你套，還是要老老實(shí)實(shí)準(zhǔn)備提綱。我寫過(guò)一套完整的issue和argument的提綱，寫的時(shí)候例子也放在提綱里，ISSUE跟A也一樣，寫完一遍提綱，自己重新看，到最后就是訓(xùn)練自己看到一個(gè)題，在2分鐘以內(nèi)迅速組織出一個(gè)比較詳細(xì)的提綱。這樣ISSUE的準(zhǔn)備也就差不多了。 L7 a0 O5 R$ ?3 E: Y

三.修辭學(xué)的能力

修辭學(xué)的能力也是非常重要的。比如比喻、排比等等，他們能帶來(lái)力量和說(shuō)服力。

新GRE寫作Argument范文

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.

From a letter to the editor of a city newspaper.

"One recent research study has indicated that many adolescents need more sleep than they are getting, and another study has shown that many high school students in our city are actually dissatisfied with their own academic performance. As a way of combating these problems, the high schools in our city should begin classes at 8:30 A.M. instead of 7:30 A.M., and end the school day an hour later. This arrangement will give students an extra hour of sleep in the morning, thereby making them more alert and more productive. Consequently, the students will perform better on tests and other assignments, and their academic skills will improve significantly."

Butter has now been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. Only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who still ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers cannot distinguish margarine from butter, or they use the term "butter" to refer to either butter or margarine. Thus, to avoid the expense of purchasing butter, the Happy Pancake House should extend this cost-saving change to its restaurants in the southeast and northeast as well.

Many employees of major United States corporations are fearful that they will lose their jobs in the near future, but this fear is largely unfounded. According to a recent study, a majority of companies expected to make new hires in the coming year, while fewer companies expected to lay off employees. In addition, although it is very disturbing to be laid off, the proliferation of programs and of workshops designed to improve job-finding skills has made being laid off far less painful than it once was.

In the Bayhead Public Library, books that are rarely borrowed continue to take up shelf space year after year, while people who want to read a recent novel frequently find that the library‘s only copy is checked out. Clearly, the library‘s plan to replace books that are borrowed no more than once a year with sufficient copies of more recent books will solve this problem. The protest we have heard since this plan was made public has come from a small, and thus unrepresentative, group of some thirty people and so should therefore be ignored.

新GRE寫作Argument范文

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.

The following is a letter that recently appeared in the Oak City Gazette, a local newspaper.

"Membership in Oak City‘s Civic Club-a club whose primary objective is to discuss local issues-should continue to be restricted to people who live in Oak City. People who work-in Oak City but who live elsewhere cannot truly understand the business and politics of the city. It is important to restrict membership to city residents because only residents pay city taxes and therefore only residents understand how the money could best be used to improve the city. At any rate, restricting membership in this way is unlikely to disappoint many of the nonresidents employed in Oak City, since neighboring Elm City‘s Civic Club has always had an open membership policy, and only twenty-five nonresidents have joined Elm City‘s Club in the last ten years."

The following appeared in the annual report from the president of the National Brush Company.

"In order to save money, we at the National Brush Company have decided to pay our employees for each brush they produce instead of for the time they spend producing brushes. We believe that this policy will lead to the production of more and better brushes, will allow us to reduce our staff size, and will enable the company factories to operate for fewer hours-resulting in savings on electricity and security costs. These changes will ensure that the best workers keep their jobs and that the company will earn a profit in the coming year."

The following is a memorandum written by the director of personnel to the president of the Cedar Corporation.

"It would be a mistake to rehire the Good-Taste Company to supply the food in our employee cafeteria next year. It is the second most expensive caterer in the city. In addition, its prices have risen in each of the last three years, and it refuses to provide meals for people on special diets. Just last month three employees complained to me that they no longer eat in the cafeteria because they find the experience ‘unbearable.‘ Our company should instead hire Discount Foods. Discount is a family-owned local company and it offers a varied menu of fish and poultry. I recently tasted a sample lunch at one of the many companies that Discount serves and it was delicious-an indication that hiring Discount will lead to improved employee satisfaction."

The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.

"Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a five-hundred-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read costs only $500 per employee-a small price to pay when you consider the benefits to Acme. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course."

GRE考試關(guān)于提高寫作能力324+4.5經(jīng)驗(yàn)談相關(guān)文章：