托福閱讀人類學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)科詞匯梳理
托福閱讀人類學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)科詞匯梳理
托?？疾斓念}材廣泛，考生如果能夠掌握一定的專業(yè)學(xué)科詞匯，對于提高閱讀速度和讀懂文章都會大有裨益，下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀人類學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)科詞匯梳理,希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀人類學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)科詞匯梳理
1. paleoanthropologist 古人類學(xué)家
2. ecological anthropologist 生態(tài)人類學(xué)家
3. psychological anthropologist 心理人類學(xué)家
4. origin 起源
If it's possible, track the rumour back to its origin. 如果可能，應(yīng)追查謠言的源頭。
5. originate 起源于
Many species, for example, originate in small populations. 例如, 不少生物種就起源于一個很小的群體.
6. ancestor 祖先
.This machine is the ancestor of the modern computer. 這臺機(jī)器是現(xiàn)代電腦的始祖.
7. hominid 人(科)
8. homogeneous 同一種族(種類)的
Educators try to put pupils of similar abilities into classes because they believe that this homogeneous grouping is advisable. 教育學(xué)家設(shè)法將學(xué)生按相近的能力分班,因為他們認(rèn)為這種按同等水平劃分班級的做法是明智的.
9. tribe 部落
His intercession could be of help to the tribe.
他的調(diào)解可能會幫上該部落的忙。
10. clan 氏族
The Chinese Christians, therefore, practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan. 所以, 中國的簡直是被逐出了自己的家族了.
11. archeologist 考古學(xué)家
The archeologist traced the hieroglyphs. 考古學(xué)家追蹤象形文字.
12. excavation 挖掘
The excavation of the buried city took a long time. 發(fā)掘埋在地下的城市花了很長時間.
13. excavate (unearth) 挖掘
They plan to excavate a large hole before putting in the foundations. 他們計劃打地基前先挖個大洞.
14. ruins 遺跡，廢墟
The Normans built the castle which was reduced to ruins under Cromwell. 諾曼人建造了這座后來在克倫威爾統(tǒng)治時期變成廢墟的城堡。
15. remains 遺跡，遺骸
There had not a vestige of the abbey remains.修道院的遺跡已蕩然無存.
16. artifact 手工藝品
17. relic 遺物，文物
The relics are credited with miraculous powers. 機(jī)器發(fā)音這些遺骸被認(rèn)為具有神奇的力量。
18. antique 古物，古董
19. antiquity 古代，古老
It indicates the antiquity of the tradition.這表明該傳統(tǒng)源遠(yuǎn)流長。
20. Stone Age 石器時代
21. Bronze Age (青)銅器時代
22. Iron Age 鐵器時代
23. Paleolithic 舊石器時代的
24. Mesolithic 中石器時代的
25. Neolithic 新石器時代的
26. archaeology 考古學(xué)
Aerial photography has revolutionized the study of archaeology.航空攝影已經(jīng)給考古學(xué)研究帶來了一場革命。
27. anthropology 人類學(xué)
28. morphology 形態(tài)學(xué)
No longer can biologists be content simply to study morphology.生物學(xué)家不再滿足于簡單地研究形態(tài)學(xué).
29. skull 顱骨
Her skull was crammed with too many thoughts.她腦瓜子里想法太多。
30. cranial 顱骨的
Five of the twelve cranial nerves become activated when you kisssomebody.當(dāng)你吻某人時十二條腦神經(jīng)中五條將變得活躍.
托福閱讀：句子簡化練習(xí)題
Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters, and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object’s primary function . . .
The tested sentence is highlighted in the passage.
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.
B. The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.
C. Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.
D. The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.
正確答案是A
托福閱讀長難句：對有聲電影的批判
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. (TPO12, 54)
perspective /p?'spekt?v/ n. 透視法，透視圖;遠(yuǎn)景;觀點，看法
strain n. 品種，類型
我是分界線，大家先自己一遍速讀哦。
(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective),a strain of critical opinion inthe 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty (that would soon fade from sight),(just as had many previous attempts, (dating well back before the First World War),to link images with recorded sound).(TPO12, 54)
分析：
這句話的主干就是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that
修飾一：(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective)，從句
中文：雖然從以后的觀點來看很難想象
修飾二：(that would soon fade from sight)，從句，修飾a technical novelty
中文：不久就會從視線里消失
修飾三：( just as had many previous attempts to link images with recorded sound)，從句，大家一定要注意這里的attempts to被插入語(dating well back before the FirstWorld War)隔開了，斷句不要出問題
中文：就好像以前試圖把圖像和錄音連接在一起的許多嘗試一樣。
修飾四：(dating well back before the First World War)，插入語
中文：追溯到一戰(zhàn)以前
參考翻譯：
雖然從以后的觀點來看很難想象，但在20世紀(jì)20年代有一種批判的觀點預(yù)測有聲電影將會是不久就會從視線里消失的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，就好像一戰(zhàn)以前試圖把圖像和錄音連接在一起的許多嘗試一樣。
這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、插入語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。