托福閱讀直接信息題實(shí)例解析
托福閱讀直接信息題又叫事實(shí)信息題，顧名思義考察的是考生對(duì)閱讀文章中直接給出的事實(shí)信息的理解能力，下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀直接信息題實(shí)例解析,希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀直接信息題實(shí)例解析
一般能來說，托福閱讀直接信息題的解題需要遵循三步：1.從題干中找到定位關(guān)鍵詞 2.通過定位關(guān)鍵詞找到對(duì)應(yīng)原文，得出原文答案 3.將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)跟原文答案進(jìn)行對(duì)照，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文答案的同義改寫。這個(gè)過程中最重要的主要有兩種能力：關(guān)鍵詞定位與同義改寫。
首先我們來看看“定位關(guān)鍵詞”。，按照“識(shí)別度高低”排序可以有如下這些幫助我們回到原文定位的關(guān)鍵詞：
(1) 數(shù)字、大寫、符號(hào)(引號(hào)、破折號(hào)、連字符、斜體...)
(2) 名詞(以具體名詞為主、抽象名詞為輔，因?yàn)榍罢吒蝗菀妆桓膶?
(3) 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)
(4) 動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞
在關(guān)鍵詞定位的過程中我們要對(duì)題干中諸如when、where 、how 、why等特殊疑問詞敏感，這些單詞可以幫我們更好地判斷題目的考查方向，讓我們知道最終要找到什么。另外文章標(biāo)題詞不可作為定位關(guān)鍵詞，因?yàn)楦哳l詞沒有定位價(jià)值。
關(guān)于Step 2“原文答案”，這是指的是如果題目沒有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)、只有題干的話，這道題就類似一道簡(jiǎn)答題，那么這個(gè)“原文答案”就是該簡(jiǎn)答題的答案。最后關(guān)于Step 3“同義改寫”，這也是托?？荚囎顝V泛考察的能力之一了，指同義詞或近義詞的替換。
接下來我們運(yùn)用這個(gè)三步走的策略來解答下面兩道題：
例題1
Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. These critics were making a common assumption-that the technological inadequacies of earlier efforts (poor synchronization, weak sound amplification, fragile sound recordings) would invariably occur again. To be sure, their evaluation of the technical flaws in 1920s sound experiments was not so far off the mark, yet they neglected to take into account important new forces in the motion picture field that, in a sense, would not take no for an answer.
Which of the following is true about the technical problems of early sound films?
(A) Linking images with recorded sound was a larger obstacle than weak sound amplification or fragile sound recordings.
(B) Sound films in the 1920s were unable to solve the technical flaws found in sound films before the First World War.
(C) Technical inadequacies occurred less frequently in early sound films than critics suggested.
(D) Critics assumed that it would be impossible to overcome the technical difficulties experienced with earlier sound films.
解析：
Step1題干： 找出題干的定位關(guān)鍵詞，是technical problems of early sound films。這段所有句子就是圍繞early sound films展開的，所以early sound films沒有定位價(jià)值，所以需要通過technical problems來定位;technical problems是抽象詞，一般會(huì)發(fā)生改寫。
Step2原文： 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中有兩個(gè)短語都跟technical problems同義改寫，分別是倒數(shù)第二句的technological inadequacies和倒數(shù)第一句的technical flaws。
Step3選項(xiàng)： 縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項(xiàng)跟倒數(shù)第二句同義改寫，其中impossible to overcome跟原文中would invariably occur again是同義改寫，technical difficulties跟題干關(guān)鍵詞是同義改寫。
例題2
Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect this protected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.
Which of the following statements about wooden statues is true?
(A) Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.
(B) Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood.
(C) Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front.
(D) Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues.
解析：
Step1題干： 找出題干的定位關(guān)鍵詞，是wooden statues;這是具體名詞，一般不會(huì)改寫。
Step2原文：根據(jù)wooden statues定位至倒數(shù)第三句(以By contrast開頭)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)之后兩句話也都是關(guān)于wooden statues的信息;那么原文答案就是最后三句話。
Step3選項(xiàng)： 縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項(xiàng)跟原文最后一句話but之前的信息同義改寫，所以答案是D。
綜上所述，托福閱讀直接信息題的解答策略并不復(fù)雜，主要涉及關(guān)鍵詞定位和同義改寫這兩個(gè)基本能力的考察，只要把握好確定關(guān)鍵詞、定位、同義改寫的做題節(jié)奏，利用真題做好充分練習(xí)與反思，我們完全可以輕松hold住這一高頻題型，順利穩(wěn)住托福閱讀。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.
Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloth's, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) — including mastodons and Columbian mammoths — have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.
The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.
As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn. Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.
1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The amount of asphalt that was mined there
(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals
(C) The fossil remains that have been found there
(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits
2. In using the phrase the heart of Los Angeles in line 2, the author is talking about the city's
(A) beautiful design
(B) central area
(C) basic needs
(D) supplies of natural asphalt
3. The word noticed in line 5 closest in meaning to
(A) predicted
(B) announced
(C) corrected
(D) observed
4. The word tangled in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) buried beneath
(B) twisted together
(C) quickly formed
(D) easily dated
5. The word them in line 13 refers to
(A) insects
(B) birds
(C) cloths
(D) proboscideans
6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?
(A) 9
(B) 17
(C) 1.5 million
(D) 2.5 million
7. The word concealed in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) highlighted
(B) covered
(C) transformed
(D) contaminated
8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?
(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores
(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea
(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.
(D) To define the term scavengers
托福閱讀背景知識(shí)匯總之未來派
未來派(Futurism)
在法國的未來派是一個(gè)有預(yù)先組織的畫派, 他們把畫派的中心思想及名稱都想好了并發(fā)表后, 才開始依照準(zhǔn)則作畫. 未來派的準(zhǔn)則簡(jiǎn)單的來說就是:"動(dòng)就是美". 他們認(rèn)為, 一切的一切在未來而否認(rèn)過去. 他們認(rèn)為要不停的動(dòng), 才能擺脫過去, 迎向未來. 未來派表現(xiàn)"動(dòng)"的方法大多是用物體的連續(xù)動(dòng)作. 好像攝影時(shí)使用慢速快門, 了解攝影的人都知道, 在攝影中要表現(xiàn)動(dòng)作(movement)時(shí), 有兩個(gè)選擇, 一是用快速快門(通常在1/500秒以上)使物體動(dòng)態(tài)凝結(jié), 二是用慢速快門(通常在1/30秒以下)使物體在底片上留下動(dòng)態(tài)軌跡. 所以未來派所表現(xiàn)的不是現(xiàn)在式, 不是過去式, 更不是未來式, 而是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式(加-in就對(duì)啦!). 雖然未來派只有短短的五, 六年, 但是這個(gè)觀念影響了之后的達(dá)達(dá)派(Dada)及現(xiàn)代抽象藝術(shù), 他們比未來派更否定過去, 保證你看不懂.