雅思閱讀8大題型的解題技巧
雅思閱讀對(duì)于很多中國(guó)考生來(lái)說(shuō)，也是一個(gè)不好“跨越”的學(xué)科，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了雅思閱讀8大題型的解題技巧，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下。
雅思閱讀8大題型的解題技巧
1、判斷題
在雅思閱讀考試的判斷題中，一定要注意要求。比如：TRUR/FALSE/NOT GIVEN或YES /NO/ NOT GIVEN，要按要求寫(xiě)到答題紙上。
小站老師技巧：在做題的時(shí)候，現(xiàn)在題目中找到定位詞和信號(hào)詞，一般要注意名詞。如果在題目中真的無(wú)法找到合適的名詞，可以換其他詞性(雅思閱讀主要考查六種詞性，包含名詞)。注意：最常暗示答案的幾個(gè)連詞是BUT，HOWEVER，WHILE，AND, ALSO, MOREOVER。
2、歸納題
在雅思閱讀的歸納題中，首先要用判斷題的方法找到相應(yīng)的定位詞，目前歸納題有兩種趨勢(shì)，一種是題目貫穿在整篇文章，另一種是只隱藏在其中一二個(gè)段落。
3、配對(duì)題
配對(duì)題相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較好做，一般“首尾句原則”就比較適合這種題型。
4、選擇題
做雅思閱讀選擇題的時(shí)候，要注意通過(guò)提干把關(guān)鍵詞和定位詞劃出來(lái)，然后對(duì)應(yīng)所在的鍛煉就可以。
5、填空題
在雅思閱讀考試中，填空題的做法和歸納題差不多，都是先找定位詞找出正確的段落，然后通過(guò)“就近原則”填空。
6、簡(jiǎn)答題
做雅思閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題，首先要看清題目要求“NO MORE THAN -WORDS”，一定要注意題目的字?jǐn)?shù)限制。
7、圖表題
在雅思閱讀考試中，圖表題的形式和要求相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較嚴(yán)格，在實(shí)際做題中，首先要注意“序號(hào)”原則，其次要注意“形式一致原則”。
8、其它配對(duì)題
這類題型的干擾能力較大，“隱蔽性”也較大，考生要特別注意，另外，與HEADING題不同的是它們的答案通常不是在句首或句尾，而是在段落當(dāng)中的某幾句話，應(yīng)該利用信號(hào)詞“快速掃描法”進(jìn)行定位段落，然后進(jìn)行分析。
基本方法剖析雅思閱讀復(fù)雜難句
IELTS的閱讀部分有大量句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、難以理解和把握的復(fù)雜句或難句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這些句子有以下特點(diǎn)：
一、句子冗長(zhǎng)，大多數(shù)句子由20個(gè)以上單詞組成，很多句子超過(guò)40個(gè)單詞
二、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，頻繁使用并列復(fù)合句、多重復(fù)合句等復(fù)雜句式
三、大多是閱讀考試的出題點(diǎn)，在閱讀試題中常常有所涉及
我們可以從簡(jiǎn)單句開(kāi)始分析語(yǔ)法
簡(jiǎn)單句
對(duì)于難度較大的簡(jiǎn)單句，閱讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓，找出句子的主干，忽略其他的成分，將長(zhǎng)句變成短句，將句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子變成句型結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的句子。
例1：It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interest are opposed.
分析：句子的主語(yǔ)是it, 謂語(yǔ)是involves,三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)probing for deeply rooted concerns、devising creative solutions和making trade-offs and compromises作賓語(yǔ)。意思是說(shuō)：它涉及了探究深層次的關(guān)注、想出更有創(chuàng)意的解決方案以及當(dāng)利益發(fā)生沖突的時(shí)候，做出交易和妥協(xié)。
例2：Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a person's identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail.
分析：該句主語(yǔ)是automated techniques, 謂語(yǔ)是attract,賓語(yǔ)是attention, in these days of increased use of credit cards and e-mail在句子里起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的作用。意思是說(shuō)：在信用卡和電子郵件越來(lái)越多地被使用的今天，用來(lái)測(cè)量這些特性和確認(rèn)人的身份的自動(dòng)技術(shù)吸引了廣泛的關(guān)注。
并列句
如果句子包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一個(gè)并列連詞來(lái)連接，最常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有and,or 和but。最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是將句子從并列連詞處斷開(kāi)，將并列句變成兩個(gè)或若干個(gè)相對(duì)短的句子，然后再用處理簡(jiǎn)單句的方法——抓句子主干，來(lái)依次處理每個(gè)相對(duì)短的句子。
例：Government has encouraged waste paper collecton and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre.
分析：這個(gè)復(fù)合句可以從and處將句子分成兩個(gè)相對(duì)較短的句子：and前面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句;and后面的句子有一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)new recycling technologies的定語(yǔ)。意思是：政府鼓勵(lì)了廢紙的回收和分類計(jì)劃，同時(shí)造紙工業(yè)也通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)新的回收技術(shù)作出了反應(yīng)，這個(gè)回收技術(shù)為更大程度地利用已經(jīng)使用過(guò)的纖維鋪平了道路。
插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
插入語(yǔ)一般是對(duì)句子的某個(gè)成分的解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，前后有逗號(hào)與其他句子成分分開(kāi)，比較容易識(shí)別。處理插入語(yǔ)的基本辦法是先略去不讀，直接跳過(guò)兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容，使插入語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)前后意思順暢。
例句1:To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless.
分析：該句中，as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners充當(dāng)插入語(yǔ)，閱讀句子時(shí)，可以先忽略這部分。意思是說(shuō)：對(duì)不經(jīng)意看到的人和有影響力的自然科學(xué)家、區(qū)域規(guī)劃者來(lái)說(shuō)，亞馬遜地區(qū)的繁茂的森林似乎是永恒的。
例句2:Over 120 years ago, the English botanist J.D. Hooker, writing of Australian edible plants, suggested that many of them were 'eatable but not worth eating'.
分析：此句中，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容即writing of Australian edible plants, 充當(dāng)插入語(yǔ)。意思是說(shuō)：120多年前，在寫(xiě)到澳大利亞可食用的植物時(shí)，英國(guó)植物學(xué)家J.D.Hooker就指出它們當(dāng)中有很多可食用的，但卻不值得食用。
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)有兩種順序：一種和漢語(yǔ)一致，即主語(yǔ)在前;另外一種順序是謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)前面，即倒裝。閱讀中一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)以not only等否定連詞和never,seldom rarely, hardly等否定副詞引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。理解倒裝句，就要把它轉(zhuǎn)換成普通語(yǔ)句，把倒裝語(yǔ)序還原為自然語(yǔ)序，在自然語(yǔ)序下理解句子。
例句1：In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict.
分析：該句中，not only...but also...引導(dǎo)了倒裝句，把其中的句子換成正常語(yǔ)序就是：the interests of one party do not coincide with those of the other party.整句的意思是：在一個(gè)爭(zhēng)論中，不僅一方的利益和另外一方不一致，而且它們是相互矛盾的。
例句2：Hardly had we arrived in Shanghai when it began to snow.
分析：此句是由hardly...when引導(dǎo)出了倒裝，意思是：我們一到上海天就開(kāi)始下雪。
雅思閱讀Ture/False/Not given解題思路解答
閱讀熱點(diǎn)文章：教育，科技，文化?？匆黄恼拢瓤催@片文章有幾個(gè)題型，還有這篇文章的題目是什么。閱讀一篇文章的大致順序(1)先看題目，看透題目。(2)注意文章中的圖形，表格，注釋。(3)看文章中的標(biāo)題(大標(biāo)題，小標(biāo)題)。(4)開(kāi)始閱讀文章。
Ture的幾種情況：
1、題目為原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)化(同義詞替換或者是近義詞替換)
2、題目為原文的某一段某部分的歸納或者是稍加推斷。
False的幾種情況：
1、題目與原文意思相反(not, little,never,seldom,few等否定前綴)
2、題目與原文使用了不同的頻率，范圍，可能性不一致，比如always變?yōu)閟ometimes/often, all變?yōu)閙any, usually變?yōu)閟ometimes, unlikely 變?yōu)閕mpossibly.
3、原文中含有appear,feel,it is predicted,it is anticipated/expected，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀臆斷或一種理論感覺(jué)，而題目中卻強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)prove,fact,reality.
4、原文為多個(gè)條件，題目減少條件或無(wú)條件。
Not given的幾種情況：
1、找不到依據(jù)。
2、有個(gè)別關(guān)鍵詞，但是題目的內(nèi)容與文章牛馬不相及。
3、原文為原級(jí)，題目卻是比較級(jí)。
4、題目對(duì)原文添油加醋。
最后是猜題的幾種方法：
1，含有only的，百分之九十是false,百分之十是not given。
2，always,must,any,only,regardless，也就是太絕對(duì)的不選ture。
3選擇not given一般不會(huì)超過(guò)2個(gè)，也就是你做完題發(fā)現(xiàn)你選擇的NG超過(guò)2個(gè)，就肯定有一個(gè)錯(cuò)了。
雅思快速定位法之段落+詞匯
雅思閱讀考試中，要求考生的不只是上千上萬(wàn)的詞匯量，同時(shí)還有速度。如何能夠在1個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)，高效率的完成40個(gè)問(wèn)題，就得需要考生們對(duì)問(wèn)題答案所在位置的快速精準(zhǔn)定位。本文中，將以劍橋雅思4中的幾篇文章為例，給考生們講解快速定位法。
段落定位要求考生在拿到一篇文章后，首先要對(duì)文章進(jìn)行略讀，讀文章標(biāo)題，每個(gè)段落的首尾句，掌握文章的大意，了解每段在講什么，有助于下一步看問(wèn)題的時(shí)候可以先確定這個(gè)問(wèn)題的段落位置。
詞匯定位要求考生在對(duì)文章略讀后，看問(wèn)題，并劃出定位詞。定位詞在之前《雅思閱讀之定位》一文中已經(jīng)討論過(guò)，主要是一些名詞。結(jié)合對(duì)每段意思的掌握，確定好問(wèn)題的段落位置后，再通過(guò)劃出的問(wèn)題中的定位詞在段落中定位答案的最后位置。
我們以劍橋4 Test1 Passage2進(jìn)行演練：
1. 略讀題目和段落
Title: What do whales feel?
An examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans, the group of mammals comprising whales, dolphins and porpoises.
從對(duì)標(biāo)題的閱讀中，我們可以了解到這篇文章要講的是鯨的感官，the senses of whales. 在這里我們可以預(yù)測(cè)下感官有哪些，同時(shí)可以對(duì)下面文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。
Paragraph1:
Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans for fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.
從首句的主干中得出一些感官在退化，消失或者在水中已失去了功用。緊跟在這句話后面的是個(gè)for example, 說(shuō)明后面再舉些這類型的感官。最后一句以similarly開(kāi)頭，說(shuō)明即使最后一句也是一個(gè)例子，然后是個(gè)名詞taste buds, 說(shuō)到了味覺(jué)，用了degenerated, rudimentary描述這個(gè)味覺(jué)，rudimentary大多數(shù)考生不認(rèn)識(shí)，但degenerated可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推出是退化。
Paragraph2:
The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.
首句一看就知道這段是講觸覺(jué)，touch, 并且發(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)but轉(zhuǎn)折，在轉(zhuǎn)折前說(shuō)觸覺(jué)有時(shí)被描述為很弱的，轉(zhuǎn)折后說(shuō)這是錯(cuò)誤的，表明這段后面要具體證明這一觀點(diǎn)。最后一句也是在具體講解觸覺(jué)這個(gè)感官。
Paragraph3:
The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater-specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii-have obviously tracked objects with vision underwater, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts and field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.
讀首句就可看出這段講的是視覺(jué)。最后一句提到了baleen whales的眼睛位置限制了它們的視覺(jué)域，they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.
Paragraph4:
On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.
首句有on the other hand表轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明要和上段有聯(lián)系，接著往后看又說(shuō)到了眼睛的位置，這次說(shuō)的是most dolphins and porpoises, they are not like the baleen whales, they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward.
Paragraph5:
Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light.
首句一讀的話會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)重要的詞匯habitats. 在這句之后又有了for example, 同時(shí)看到了vision, 說(shuō)明這段講vision和habitats的關(guān)系。
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