如何為托福閱讀中的精讀和泛讀挑選好的素材

當(dāng)閱讀備考中，大家都日以繼夜的訓(xùn)練閱讀，但往往過于重視閱讀技巧，忽視閱讀素材的挑選。該如何選擇好的素材呢?下面小編就和大家分享如何為托福閱讀中的精讀和泛讀挑選好的素材!來欣賞一下吧。

如何為托福閱讀中的精讀和泛讀挑選好的素材

精讀素材包括兩大主干：

第一是經(jīng)典原著或簡化版的經(jīng)典原著

第二是經(jīng)典系統(tǒng)教材

考生需要注意精讀并不閱讀量變少，相反，精讀要求達(dá)到一定的數(shù)量，換言之，精讀也必須盡量做到多而精。任何學(xué)習(xí)沒有數(shù)量上的突破是難以提高的。隨著考生掌握的詞匯量和句型增加，可以加重泛讀的數(shù)量。當(dāng)詞匯量到5,000以上的時(shí)候就需要擴(kuò)大泛讀的比例，同時(shí)要保持和發(fā)展精讀經(jīng)典的習(xí)慣。

然后，當(dāng)考生達(dá)到詞匯豐富的時(shí)候，可以進(jìn)行大量的泛讀。因?yàn)榇罅康姆鹤x能夠提高閱讀速度和快速記憶單詞的能力。在泛讀材料選擇中，我們需要遵循幾個(gè)原則。第一，閱讀素材需要是經(jīng)典的思想性名著，包括專業(yè)名著。這類閱讀要“細(xì)嚼慢咽”，它不太強(qiáng)調(diào)耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間，而重在理解的層次和思想的啟發(fā)。往往這種經(jīng)典名著的單詞都是生澀難倒，通過泛讀可以鍛煉自己的猜詞能力。第二，閱讀素材最好以讀詩歌散文的名篇和文學(xué)名著為主。這類閱讀更多地給人啟發(fā)。能夠幫助我們的寫作，讓句式變得更加流利優(yōu)美。讀這類作品不能象國內(nèi)語文教學(xué)和考試那樣去碎尸萬段地分解。這樣很容易破壞整體感悟。

最后，無論是精讀還是泛讀，我們最大的目的是在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)過濾大量無效信息、搜索捕捉目標(biāo)信息，或迅速把握作者想傳達(dá)的主旨。尤其是托福閱讀而言，很多都是科普性質(zhì)的文章，需要考生快速找到最核心的資料和考點(diǎn)。與其用60分鐘讀懂一篇文章的98%，不如只用5分鐘讀懂該文章的85%。通泛讀和精讀來鍛煉篩選有價(jià)值信息的能力。要明確你泛讀和精讀的文章是有價(jià)值的，這樣你找出的信息才能真正幫助你在詞匯和寫作的方面的成長。小站君希望考生能夠好好提高閱讀能力，取得一個(gè)好的托福成績。

托福閱讀之略讀、掃讀技巧介紹

作為toefl 考試的第一個(gè)難關(guān)---Reading, 一直是中國考生”聽說讀寫”里最擅長，同時(shí)又是最容易失分的。所以這篇里邊主要介紹下在做Reading題目的兩個(gè)首要techniques, 也就是scanning and skimming.

作為First step的Scanning主要是根據(jù)key words定位到文章中某一句或某一個(gè)詞。而另外一個(gè)尤其重要的second step: skimming則需要可以跳著讀。最直接的一個(gè)要求就是要找到連接詞conj. words. 1st, Reading里最高頻的And but以及這兩詞語的同義詞; 2nd, because，so that表示原因結(jié)果的詞語; 3rd, 做timing的詞語,ago, 1989, then, etc; Last but not least, 像你現(xiàn)在讀的這句話里邊用到的 1st, 2nd, last 這些讓你整個(gè)人看文章舒服很多的詞匯。這樣做的目的就是化繁為簡，把一段1000字左右的話simplify為僅10個(gè)字不到的框架，了解到段落的main idea和大致結(jié)構(gòu)，更重要的是可以把scanning出的key words 所在的意思和question里邊要找的essential information意思和作用分析出來。Let’s take this paragraph as an example:

The majorityof three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling,exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twistingnor turning. When such statues are viewed in isolation, out of their originalcontext and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize themfor their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years.Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuaryand the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues were created not fortheir decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods,the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where thesebeings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritualactions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what washappening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual couldinteract with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues wereenclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at thefront, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statueswere designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, infront of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or inpillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: theirfrontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.

我猜很多人應(yīng)該沒耐心把這么長一段從頭到尾看一遍吧，就算是現(xiàn)在spare times，let alone考試的時(shí)候時(shí)間那么緊張，更會(huì)覺得puzzled andconfused. So let’s make life easier. 看下下邊highlight的部分：

The majority of three-dimensional representations, whetherstanding, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they facestraight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues areviewed in isolation, out of their original context and without knowledge oftheir function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes thatremained unchanged for three thousand years. Frontality is, however,directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts inwhich the statues were set up. Statues were created not for their decorativeeffect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king,and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings couldmanifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritualactions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at whatwas happening in front of it, so that the living performer of theritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often suchstatues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only openingwas at the front, making it natural for the statue to displayfrontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within anarchitectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrancegateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would beplaced against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within thearchitectural context.

What about now?從這幾個(gè)詞語應(yīng)該是可以快速整理出這一段的幾處轉(zhuǎn)折的地方，講了哪幾個(gè)方面，以及哪個(gè)部分author寫的比較多點(diǎn)吧。接著就可以對(duì)照options，選出那個(gè)給你加分的正確選項(xiàng)。

另外給兩類同學(xué)大概做個(gè)Plan list: 一般有3個(gè)月時(shí)間備考的孩紙們大概有這么三個(gè)stages：Stage 1 tpo你自己挑個(gè)的吉祥數(shù)字 比如tpo 6 8,whatever you like, 基本一周一篇的節(jié)奏，找到每篇里的這個(gè)conj. Words; Stage2 TPO 18 19 20 21 這幾篇是難度較大的篇幅, 和題目對(duì)照著開始著手做題; Stage 3 TPO 33 34 這幾篇開始限時(shí)訓(xùn)練。對(duì)于備考1個(gè)月的孩紙: 直接從TPO 18 19 30 21這幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)篇章開始，最后一段時(shí)間就是TPO 30及以后的限時(shí)訓(xùn)練。

All in all, 記住常見的幾個(gè)套路詞：but 轉(zhuǎn)折詞; cause 原因詞; for instance 例子詞; long long ago 時(shí)間詞, etc. 眼熟這些詞，把一段文章從頭到尾skimming出這些詞，同時(shí)也就是1-2min內(nèi)把paragraph的主干理出來了。按時(shí)完成task，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，you’re not afraid then, besides, 做題速度也會(huì)蹭蹭的提高,而且準(zhǔn)確率也刷刷的變高。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：地球上的二氧化碳

The answer to the first question is that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth, but now, instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans. ( TPO41, 53)

abundance /?'b?nd(?)ns/ n. 豐富，充裕

atmospheric /?tm?s'fer?k/ adj. 大氣的

dissolve /d?'z?lv/ v. 溶解

limestone /?la?m?st??n/ n. 石灰石

marble /'mɑ?b(?)l/ n. 大理石

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

The answer to the first question is ( that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth), but now, (instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide), it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, (such as the limestone and marble) (that formed in the oceans.) ( TPO41, 53)

托福閱讀長難句分析：

這個(gè)句子的主干是：

The answer to the first question is 從句 , but now, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks

修飾一：(that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth) ，從句

中文：在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到

修飾二：(instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide) ，介詞短語

中文：它不是以大氣中的二氧化碳的形式出現(xiàn)

修飾三：(such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans.) ，介詞短語

中文：例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石

修飾四：(that formed in the oceans.) ，從句

中文：在海洋中形成的

參考翻譯：

第一個(gè)問題的答案是，在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到，但是現(xiàn)在，它不是以大氣中的二氧化碳的形式出現(xiàn)，它溶解在海洋里或者通過化學(xué)作用進(jìn)入碳酸鹽巖中，例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和介詞短語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語以及非謂語動(dòng)詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。