托福閱讀提升理解能力從詞匯開始
托福閱讀文章理解能力如何提升?了解閱讀原理才能找到提分方法。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀文章理解能力如何提升，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀提升理解能力從詞匯開始
詞匯是閱讀基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)你有了豐富詞匯的基礎(chǔ)，就要開始著手進(jìn)行“輸入”的過程了。輸入的方式很多，有跳讀、指讀、唇讀、默讀、尋讀、研讀等等。而我們?cè)谳斎胄畔⒌臅r(shí)候，也不會(huì)僅僅拘泥于其中的一種閱讀方式，更多情況之下，是結(jié)合了其中的多個(gè)來(lái)進(jìn)行的。
比如通過跳讀把握文章的中心意思、段落結(jié)構(gòu)、作者態(tài)度;通過尋讀找到關(guān)鍵信息;通過研讀解決對(duì)應(yīng)的題目。不管運(yùn)用怎樣的方式，最終的目的是要記住、并正確理解文章內(nèi)容及其隱含的意義。所以，想要提高“閱讀速度”，真正要鍛煉的是“理解能力”。
先來(lái)說(shuō)一下“記住”，這似乎又回到“詞匯”的部分了。篇章的記憶可以借鑒詞匯的記憶方法，比如圖像、聯(lián)想等。另外，“記筆記”也是幫助記憶篇章的好辦法。把一些重要的信息、關(guān)鍵的詞、甚至文章的結(jié)構(gòu)用筆紙記錄下來(lái)，不但可以協(xié)助記憶，還以為把握文章的中心和邏輯框架，從而更好地理解文章。由此可見，“記住”和“理解”是分不開的。理解了才能記住，記住了才能從更大的角度去理解。
如何提高托福閱讀的理解能力?
1. 理清句子成分結(jié)構(gòu)
首先，我們?cè)谧x句子的時(shí)候，要注意理清句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)，要知道各成分的意思以及它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，要能夠正確把握這些成分組合起來(lái)所表達(dá)的意思。一個(gè)句子可以多讀上幾遍，通過重復(fù)的練習(xí)，達(dá)到能夠正確“拆解”和“重組”句子的目的。
2. 反復(fù)閱讀提升信息獲取能力
其二，對(duì)于篇章而言，也是一個(gè)反復(fù)的過程，但是和句子的訓(xùn)練有些不同。先準(zhǔn)備一篇合適的文章，掐時(shí)間閱讀，要求自己在規(guī)定的時(shí)間之內(nèi)盡可能多地?cái)z取信息。然后在同樣的時(shí)間之內(nèi)，將這篇文章再讀一遍， 那么第二遍攝取到的信息必然比第一遍多， 接著反復(fù)進(jìn)行幾次。在這樣的過程當(dāng)中，眼睛是在迅速掠過已知的信息，去尋求新的信息點(diǎn)，其實(shí)就是在進(jìn)行快速閱讀。它不是真正強(qiáng)調(diào)視線的轉(zhuǎn)移，而是在瀏覽全篇的同時(shí)，怎樣去獲得更多的新信息，更快、更準(zhǔn)地把握整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的主旨。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels.
The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care: often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up, When a pot is fired, it loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.
Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability in day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often a wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times. Glazes came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing. When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.
Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered with fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known as kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were needed. Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired before they were ready for use.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot making
(B) How early pottery was made and decorated
(C) The development of kilns used by early potters
(D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric pottery
2. The word meticulously in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) heavily
(B) initially
(C) carefully
(D) completely
3. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve the texture of the clay?
(A) adding temper
(B) removing the water
(C) beating on the clay
(D) mixing the clay with plastic substances
4. The word durability in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) quality
(B) endurance
(C) adaptability
(D) applicability
5. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to do which of the
following?
(A) Improve the appearance of the vessels
(B) prevent the vessels from leaking
(C) Help the vessels to dry more quickly
(D) Give the vessels a leather like quality
6. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a glassy finish?
(A) Smoothing them with wet hands
(B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions
(C) Baking them at a very high temperature
(D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object
7. The word incised in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) designed
(B) carved
(C) detailed
(D) painted
8. The word they in ling 27 refers to
(A) kilns
(B) firings
(C) pots
(D) cracks
9. According to the passage , the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the kilns
(A) required less wood for burning
(B) reached higher temperatures
(C) kept ashes away from the pots
(D) baked vessels without cracking them
10. Look at the terms temper (line 10), glazes (line 16), kilns (line 24), and compounds (line 25).
Which of these terms is NOT defined in the passage ?
(A) temper
(B) glazes
(C) kilns
(D) compounds
11. The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under burning wood, the ashes help
(A) prevent the clay from cracking
(B) produce a more consistently baked pot
(C) attain a very high temperature
(D) give the vessel a glasslike finish
PASSAGE 49 BCCBA DBCBD B
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period), some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the course of time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain they grew and the animals they domesticated.
Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished, fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture — that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not merely subsidiary, source of food.
Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an even greater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people. Since surpluses of food could also be bartered for other commodities, the Neolithic era witnessed the beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.
The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture
(B) the changes agriculture brought to human life
(C) How Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture
(D) Why the first agricultural societies failed
2. The word precarious in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) uncertain
(B) humble
(C) worthy
(D) unusual
3. The author mentions seeds and fruits in line 2 as examples of
(A) the first crops cultivated by early agricultural societies
(B) foods eaten by hunters and gatherers as a secondary food source
(C) types of food that hunters and gatherers lacked in their diets
(D) the most common foods cultivated by early agricultural societies
4. The word settled in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) advanced
(B) original
(C) involved
(D) stable
5. According to the passage , agricultural societies produced larger human populations because
agriculture
(A) created more varieties of food
(B) created food surpluses
(C) resulted in increases in leisure time
(D) encouraged bartering
6. According to the passage , all of the following led to the development of writing EXCEPT the
(A) need to keep records
(B) desire to write down beliefs
(C) extraction of ink from plants
(D) growth of social complexity
7. The word chronicle in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) repeat
(B) exchange
(C) understand
(D) describe
8. According to the passage , how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's family
relationships?
(A) The extended family became less important.
(B) Immediate neighbors often became family members.
(C) The nuclear family became self-sufficient.
(D) Family members began to wok together to raise food.
9. The author mentions all of the following as results of the shift to agricultural societies EXCEPT
(A) an increase in invention and innovation
(B) emergence of towns and cities
(C) development of a system of trade
(D) a decrease in warfare
10. Which of the following is true about the human diet prior to the Neolithic period?
(A) It consisted mainly of agricultural products
(B) It varied according to family size.
(C) It was based on hunting and gathering.
(D) It was transformed when large numbers of people no longer depended on the grain they grew
themselves.
PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC
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