托福閱讀題型的解答技巧

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　　托福閱讀題型的解答技巧

　　TYPE1: FACTUAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS

　　題型特征 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中一般只有一個(gè)被原文提及，被提及的那個(gè)就是正確答案。

　　解題方法 題干中的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，讀該句即可，一般是題干中的名詞或形容詞。

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.20 ACCORDING……

　　TYPE2: NEGATIVE FACTAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS

　　題型特征 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中一般有三個(gè)被原文提及，只有一個(gè)未被原文提及。

　　解題方法 未被原文提及的是正確答案

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.22 NOT/EXCEPT

　　TYPE3: INFERENCE QUESTIONS

　　題型特征 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中在原文中均沒(méi)有被明顯提及

　　解題方法 key words 找本句 再讀前一句 與 后一句

　　原文涉及到哪個(gè)方面，就向哪個(gè)方面推論，其他方面全錯(cuò)。

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.23 INFERENCE……

　　TYPE4: RHETORICAL PURPOSE QUESTIONS

　　題型特征 Provide examples to explain/illustrate “A”

　　解題方法 (1)Sentence A,? p.15 sentence B. B是進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明A,并且 A的范圍比B的寬。

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.24 …mention/example/in order to…

　　(1).For example, SVO

　　(2).S. for example vo.

　　第二種模式，托?？荚囍薪?jīng)常用。

　　解題方法 (2) Sentence A Topic1→Topic2 … A承上啟下的作用

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.24

　　TYPE5: VOCABULARY QUESTIONS

　　題型特征 P.16, 17

　　解題方法 (1)句內(nèi)處理，填空式做法

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.25

　　解題方法 (2)句間處理，尋找邏輯關(guān)系

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.25

　　TYPE6: REFERENCE QUESTIONS

　　解題方法 (1)帶入翻譯

　　(2)接力現(xiàn)象，連續(xù)指代

　　(3)一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

　　(4)排除法

　　TYPE7: SENTENCE SIMPLIFICATION QUESTIONS

　　題型特征 主從句關(guān)系一致性，范圍一致性

　　解題方法 邏輯關(guān)系一致性

　　提問(wèn)方式 OG P.28

　　TYPE8: INSER TEXT QUESTIONS

　　解題方法 (1)代詞 因?yàn)榇~，前面應(yīng)該有相應(yīng)的名詞，代詞指名詞

　　位于段落開(kāi)頭的位置，幾乎必然錯(cuò)

　　此代詞要指代前一句中的名詞性成份，若不能指代錯(cuò)

　　所以做此題時(shí)，先找前一句的名詞性成份

　　(2)指示代詞 this+n.+vo

　　先找出n. 再找出n.在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置

　　(3)找出關(guān)聯(lián)詞，按邏輯關(guān)系對(duì)應(yīng)

　　(4)句子主干

　　TYPE9: PROSE SUMMARY

　　解題方法 細(xì)節(jié)性內(nèi)容不選

　　原文沒(méi)有的內(nèi)容不選

　　原文相反的內(nèi)容不選

　　TYPE10: FILL IN A TABLE

　　解題方法 只讀選項(xiàng)中的核心詞即名詞或名詞結(jié)構(gòu)

　　托福閱讀真題原題+題目

　　One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids, erect bipedal primates — including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where it was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were. Work on early tools, surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.

　　One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools. Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food — meat and marrow — from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.

　　1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?

　　(A) Changes in eating and dietary practices

　　(B) The creation of stone hunting tools

　　(C) Social interactions at home bases

　　(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses

　　2. According to the passage , bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is

　　(A) an activity typical of nonhuman primates

　　(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat

　　(C) an indication of social unity

　　(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits

　　3. The word consumed in line 4 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) prepared

　　(B) stored

　　(C) distributed

　　(D) eaten

　　4. According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies of old stone tools in order to

　　(A) protect the old tools from being worn out

　　(B) display examples of the old tools in museums

　　(C) test theories about how old tools were used

　　(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools

　　5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways in which early

　　stone tools were used EXCEPT to

　　(A) build home bases

　　(B) obtain food

　　(C) make weapons

　　(D) shape wood

　　6. The word innovative in line 13 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) good

　　(B) new

　　(C) simple

　　(D) costly

　　7. The word them in line 15 refers to

　　(A) issues

　　(B) researchers

　　(C) tools

　　(D) specimens

　　8. The author mentions characteristic chippage patterns in line 16 as an example of

　　(A) decorations cut into wooden objects

　　(B) differences among tools made of various substances

　　(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones

　　(D) indications of wear on stone tools

　　9. The word extract in line 19 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) identify

　　(B) remove

　　(C) destroy

　　(D) compare

　　10. The word whether in line 26 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) if

　　(B) how

　　(C) why

　　(D) when

　　托福閱讀真題原題+題目

　　Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.

　　Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloth's, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) — including mastodons and Columbian mammoths — have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.

　　The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.

　　As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn. Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.

　　1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The amount of asphalt that was mined there

　　(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals

　　(C) The fossil remains that have been found there

　　(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits

　　2. In using the phrase the heart of Los Angeles in line 2, the author is talking about the city's

　　(A) beautiful design

　　(B) central area

　　(C) basic needs

　　(D) supplies of natural asphalt

　　3. The word noticed in line 5 closest in meaning to

　　(A) predicted

　　(B) announced

　　(C) corrected

　　(D) observed

　　4. The word tangled in line 10 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) buried beneath

　　(B) twisted together

　　(C) quickly formed

　　(D) easily dated

　　5. The word them in line 13 refers to

　　(A) insects

　　(B) birds

　　(C) cloths

　　(D) proboscideans

　　6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?

　　(A) 9

　　(B) 17

　　(C) 1.5 million

　　(D) 2.5 million

　　7. The word concealed in line 17 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) highlighted

　　(B) covered

　　(C) transformed

　　(D) contaminated

　　8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?

　　(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores

　　(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea

　　(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction.

　　(D) To define the term scavengers