2020托福閱讀的權(quán)威備考資料
托福閱讀的權(quán)威備考資料有哪些?今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x的權(quán)威備考資料,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀的權(quán)威備考資料
托福閱讀備考中推薦使用的主要材料有：托福官方指南(OG)，TPO1-31，老托福閱讀100篇。
首先說OG，這本書對于初學者來說是比較重要的。拿到手時，先看一下36頁到60頁的內(nèi)容，涉及十大題型的介紹，每個題型下面都有相應(yīng)例題。在所有題型介紹完之后，有六篇和考試相仿的文章，可以挑出其中一篇或三篇用于自測。書中所附的答案都有詳盡的解釋。在上任何輔導(dǎo)班之前，都有必要自己先了解一下，這一方面在于摸清自己的水平，一方面也能提高之后首次課的聽課效率。
其次是需要重點利用的材料，TPO1-31。TPO(TOEFL Practice Online)本來是在線測試的題目，現(xiàn)在在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上都能找到模考軟件版和word文檔版，也可以直接找同學老師拷貝。不定期會有更新，現(xiàn)在一共出到了31套，也就是有93篇文章，相較于OG上面的文章來說。TPO 的難度是有所提升的 (新版OG的3套練習均來自TPO)。TPO是托?？荚嚨某鲱}者制作的，是接近考試難度的備考材料。任何主流的輔導(dǎo)班，基本都是以此為重點加以講解分析。因此，TPO在質(zhì)和量上都能滿足任何學霸。
經(jīng)常有學生問是不是越到后面的文章越難，但其實難度分布沒有這一規(guī)律。如TPO1-2、8-3、9-2、13-2、16-2、19-1、19-3就比后面很多文章難得很多。使用方法是：
1、利用word版，從TPO1到10，可以按照OG中十大題型(除了內(nèi)容小結(jié)題和圖表題)的分類進行專門的題型練習，結(jié)合OG總結(jié)出一套自己的做題方法。
2、利用word版，從TPO10到15，進行整篇文章的整合訓(xùn)練，看前面所有的題型結(jié)合起來，在整篇文章中是如何能起到相互彌補的作用。這時的練習不需要計時。關(guān)鍵在于吃透題目、段落之間的關(guān)系?？偨Y(jié)出內(nèi)容小結(jié)題和圖表題的做題方法，同時回顧之前篇章的這兩個題目。
3、利用word版，從TPO16到20，整篇文章的計時練習。時間可以由慢到快(25分鐘到23分鐘再到20分鐘)。分析錯題原因的同時分析哪些題目上需要提速。
4、利用?？架浖?，從TPO21到31，可以根據(jù)自己在步驟3中的情況，選擇繼續(xù)堅持整篇練習或者開始整套(1小時)練習。
上述過程中所有做過的題目，使用word版保存錯題，錯題分析要找到原文對應(yīng)依據(jù)，寫出自己當時的思路，分析自己的錯因，以備在所有TPO做完之后再一次回顧錯題，考前復(fù)習。另外，從TPO1開始，建立一個exel表格，養(yǎng)成整理生詞的習慣，供反復(fù)復(fù)習。
后說一下老托閱讀100篇的使用。該材料可以在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜到。這個是之前老托考試的題目，詞語和句子的難度上不亞于新托福，但是題目難度上不高。每篇文章是新托的一半，即350字左右。對于基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學員不推薦使用(基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學員先背好四級單詞，把OG上15篇文章全部翻譯弄懂，然后就可以開始TPO了)，而對于已經(jīng)把TPO做得滾瓜爛熟又比較空虛的學員，可以用老托來對自己的托福單詞查缺補漏，長句子可以練習翻譯斷句。題目因為在難度上與新托福有差距，并不推薦花太多時間去做和研究。對于題目的研究，精力集中在TPO的錯題上是的。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.
When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.
1. What is the main idea of the passage ?
(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.
(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.
(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.
(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.
2. The word They in line 2 refers to
(A) aviculturists
(B) birds
(C) eggs
3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler
than the top, then
(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation
(B) the embryo will not develop normally
(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.
(D) the incubation process is slowed down
4. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to
(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick
(B) hold the nest together
(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest
(D) make the nest bigger
5. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to
(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest
(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest
(C) keep the nest in a clean condition
(D) touch the bottom of the eggs
6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT
(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest
(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest
(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell
(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell
7. The word suspend in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) build
(B) paint
(C) hang
(D) move
8. The word fatal in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) close
(B) deadly
(C) natural
(D) hot
9. The word secure in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) fresh
(B) dry
(C) safe
(D) warm
10. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides
(A) a constant source of humidity
(B) a strong nest box
(C) more room for newly hatched chicks
(D) protection against cold weather
11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?
(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.
(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly
(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.
(D) They are expensive to operate.
12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) Aviculturists (line 1)
(B) gradient (line 8)
(C) incubation (line 15)
(D) embryo (line 22)
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the winged lizards. The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.
Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings
(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx
(C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates
(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds
2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?
(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.
(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.
(C) They connected the front and back limbs.
(D) They required fingers of equal length.
3. The word literally in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) creating
(B) meaning
(C) related to
(D) simplified
4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies
(A) in the early Triassic period
(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs
(C) after the decline of pterosaurs
(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.
5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to
(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs
(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines
(C) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight
(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils
6. The word They in line 10 refers to
(A) powerful muscles
(B) bodies
(C) jaws
(D) flying reptiles
7. According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably not skillful fliers (lines 10-11) because
(A) of their limited wingspan
(B) of their disproportionately large bodies
(C) they lacked muscles needed for extended flight
(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power
8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from
(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs
(B) an evolution from pterosaurs
(C) the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals
(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs
9. The word classified in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) perfected
(B) replaced
(C) categorized
(D) protected
10. Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?
(A) Its tail
(B) Its teeth
(C) The shape of its skull
(D) Details of its bone structure
11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?
(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.
(C) It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone.
(D) It supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was a powerful dinosaur.
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