托福閱讀的三種常見題型有哪些
托福閱讀的三種常見題型有哪些?今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福閱讀的三種常見題型有哪些，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀的三種常見題型有哪些
托福閱讀文章可分為不同類型，新托福閱讀考試的句按類型可分為：開門見山型、標(biāo)靶型和導(dǎo)入型三類。托福閱讀備考中，無(wú)論是哪種題型，每段句都非常重要。這三個(gè)類型有不同的答題方法，根據(jù)類型進(jìn)行解題，更有針對(duì)性。
所謂開門見山型，即指文章直接推出論點(diǎn)，表達(dá)文章的中心思想或主題走向。開門見山型的特征往往為定義型句子。一般都較為簡(jiǎn)短有力，富有哲理性，不超過兩行。文章如屬于開門見山型，則主題的確立自不待言。
所謂標(biāo)靶型，即作者在起筆處先推出某個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的論點(diǎn)或看法，然后加以批駁，給出作者所持的相反或相對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)。標(biāo)靶型語(yǔ)句的特征往往為：“人們常常以為……”、“一般說(shuō)來(lái)……”、“據(jù)稱……”。遇到標(biāo)靶型語(yǔ)句時(shí)，只要句作相反理解，即可確知文章的主旨。
所謂導(dǎo)入型，即作者先隱下主題思想不說(shuō)，從別的細(xì)碎的地方談起，漸漸接入正題。導(dǎo)入型的語(yǔ)句一般較為瑣碎具體，甚至具體到某年某月。有時(shí)也純?yōu)樘羝鹱x者的好奇心而設(shè)。如″American firms have a prob?″什么問題呢?作者只字不提。導(dǎo)入型語(yǔ)句盡管隱藏了主題思想，但文章的脈絡(luò)、所涉及的范圍依然清晰可見。如上句的舉例，討論的關(guān)鍵肯定在 problem，范圍局限在美國(guó)公司。
當(dāng)然，新托福閱讀考試題的分類并不是的，有時(shí)我們也可看到幾種類型纏繞在一起的句子。
托福閱讀的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵在于：讀完句后，應(yīng)能確定文章的中心思想，即或不能，也應(yīng)盡可能地把握文章的討論走向。完成了這一點(diǎn)，也就完成了初步閱讀。剩下的就是在中心思想或文章的主題走向的指導(dǎo)下去做選擇項(xiàng)了。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed art glass. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement — that function should determine form — was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style
(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style
(C) Production techniques for art glass
(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style
2. The word one in line 4 refers to
(A) century
(B) development
(C) style
(D) coloration
3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass ?
(A) The distortion of the glass
(B) The appearance of the glass surface
(C) The shapes of the glass objects
(D) The size of the glass objects
4. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
(A) to compare different Art Nouveau styles
(B) to give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists
(C) to explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States
(D) to show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world
5. The word prized in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) valued
(B) universal
(C) uncommon
(D) preserved
6. The word overtaken in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied
7. What does the author mean by stating that function should determine form (lines 23-24)?
(A) A useful object should not be attractive.
(B) The purpose of an object should influence its form.
(C) The design of an object is considered more significant than its function.
(D) The form of an object should not include decorative elements.
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it
(A) clearly distinguished between art and design
(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs
(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past
(D) was easily interpreted by the general public
9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?
(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.
(B) It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.
(C) It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War.
(D) It was not attractive to architects and designers.
10. According to the passage , an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include
(A) a flowered design
(B) bright colors
(C) modern symbols
(D) a textured surface
PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles — sand, silt, and clay — are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.
To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of soil and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provide the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.
Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.?
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Characteristics of high quality soil
(B) Particles typically found in most soils
(C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil
(D) Ways to determine the texture of soil
2. The author mentions several representative handfuls in line 4 in order to show
(A) the range of soil samples
(B) the process by which soil is weighed
(C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample
(D) how small soil particles are weighted
3. The phrase sorted out in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) mixed
(B) replaced
(C) carried
(D) separated
4. It can be inferred that the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect
(A) the way the soil is extracted
(B) the results of squeezing the soil
(C) the need to check more than one handful
(D) the difficulty of forming different shapes
5. The word dampened in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) damaged
(B) stretched
(C) moistened
(D) examined
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or no
clay in it?
(A) It is not very heavy.
(B) It may not hold its shape when molded.
(C) Its shape is durable
(D) Its texture cannot be classified
7. The word they in line 21 refers to
(A) categories
(B) sieves
(C) larger particles
(D) clay particles
8. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an advantage over the hand
test in determining soil texture because
(A) using the sieve takes less time
(B) the sieve can measure clay
(C) less training is required to use the sieve
(D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure
9. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they
(A) stick to the sides of the water container
(B) take some time to sink to the bottom
(C) separate into different sizes
(D) dissolve quickly
10. The word fine in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) tiny
(B) many
(C) excellent
(D) various
11. All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT
(A) texture (line 3)
(B) ribbon (line 10)
(C) sediment sieves (line 18)
(D) evaporated (line 25)
PASSAGE 27 DADBC BBDBA D
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