托福閱讀提速從結(jié)構(gòu)開始

托福閱讀提速從結(jié)構(gòu)開始, 掌握文章整體和句子結(jié)構(gòu)很重要，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x提速從結(jié)構(gòu)開始 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀提速從結(jié)構(gòu)開始 掌握文章整體和句子結(jié)構(gòu)很重要

托福閱讀提速要熟悉文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)

備考托福閱讀考試的同學(xué)可能都知道，托福閱讀的最后一題為總結(jié)題，這一題的分值比前面的題目也要高，同時它不僅僅是考察文章中的某一段，往往是要通讀全文，了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下才能答對的。很多考生在托福閱讀考試中時間不夠或許是因為在最后一題上花費的時間太多，拿得時間不夠用。那么對于托福閱讀的最后題考生應(yīng)該如何去應(yīng)對呢?

很多考生都會覺得做托福閱讀文章最后一題時都要回去將閱讀文章重新再讀一次，否則是很難找到標準答案的，但是這樣是非常耽誤大家的考試時間的。其實之所以考生需要重新再讀一次，是因為考生沒有對于閱讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)掌握清楚，那么考生應(yīng)該如何去解決這個問題呢?小編建議大家在平時的練習(xí)時就不要因為做完題了就萬事大吉了，要把每篇文章充分的利用起來，觀察它們的結(jié)構(gòu)，多做總結(jié)，這樣的工作如何在備考時做得多了，那么你必然會從中獲益匪淺。

托福閱讀提速要學(xué)會分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

從小從我們讀書開始，老師就要求我們在做題時要認真讀題，這樣才能了解題意，對正確答題有幫助。所以我們在閱讀托福文章的時候，通常都是習(xí)慣于逐字逐句的進行閱讀，同時也會機械的把所有的英文單詞的中文意思堆砌起來。對于這種方法，一些簡單的題目這個方法是沒有問題，但是如果是一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子中，如果你這樣做就會造成極大的浪費。再說這個方法也不能確保你能百分之百的答對題。那么考生應(yīng)該如何去應(yīng)對呢?

小編建議大家，這里最好的選擇就是學(xué)會主動地去分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，要弄清楚句子的主語是誰?這個主語怎么了，發(fā)生了什么事?哪些句子成分是修飾的?哪個是謂語部分?當(dāng)考生了解了這些之后，那么你就可以讀完一句理解一句，那么你的托?？荚嚨臅r間就不存在不夠的問題了。

托福閱讀詞匯“An unknown goddess”

Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of AyiaIrini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses – often three storeys high – were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood (was) three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

1.explore 探索: To search for discovery; examine

形近詞

explode 爆炸

exploit 開發(fā),利用

expedite 加速,迅速的

expedition 探險

詞組例句

explore outer space 太空勘探

explore every possibilities 系統(tǒng)地研究每一個可能性

explore ancient temple 考察古廟

The archaeologists are exploring the cave.

2.prosperous 繁榮的(修飾經(jīng)濟)

successful or thriving, esp. financially

同/近義詞

wealth 富有的

flourishing 興旺的,繁茂的

thriving 興隆的

booming 火的迅猛發(fā)展的

adequate 充足的

詞組例句

Our finance is prosperous.我們的經(jīng)濟是繁榮的。

a prosperous new business 一家成功的新公司

a prosperous family 富裕的一家

a prosperous moment to make a decision 做決定的有利時機

3.civilization 文明

常用詞組：enjoys a high level of civilization 享有高度的文明

4.worship 崇拜(非理性的): admire; respect

admire 敬佩

respect 尊敬

warship 軍艦戰(zhàn)船

例句

Who do you worship in the world?

5.sacred 宗教的，神圣的(可修釋職業(yè))是指獻給上帝或神的事物，因為是神圣的，不容褻瀆，指普遍視為神圣不可侵犯的東西

同/近義詞

Divine神圣的：側(cè)重于神性，在現(xiàn)在英語中指絕妙或非人世所有的事物

a divine punishment.上天的懲罰

expect to divine the future

mystic神秘的

blessed神佑的

religions宗教的

solemn 莊嚴的，莊重的

holy神圣的，圣潔的與sacred 替換

詞組

sacred music圣樂

sacred promise神圣的諾言

6.classic adj.精典的,第一流 n.杰作,經(jīng)典之作

形近詞

classical古典的(未必精)

eg. classical music古典音樂

classical education人文科學(xué)教育

This is the classic example of love at the first sight.

7.construct(抽象虛的)比較正式，有技術(shù)較高，較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，規(guī)模較大，抽象+具體

build /put up (實體的)建設(shè)

erect: (build high buildings) 側(cè)重對高而垂直的東西建造，不如build廣泛

eg. erect monument 建造紀念碑

erect clock tower建造鐘樓

set up : set up a union 建造，側(cè)重于開始

establish: establish a school 側(cè)重穩(wěn)固的建成，有“建立”的意思，建立學(xué)校體系等

found: found a country 側(cè)重于建好基礎(chǔ)，具體抽象皆可

詞組

construction of socialism社會主義建設(shè)

construct a sentence

construct a broken statuary

8. rest … on 搭在…上

eg. Her eyes rest on the picture.

rest with +sb由某人決定

eg. This great decision rests with your mother.

9. hip n.[口]在服用興奮劑,宗教信仰方面趕時髦的人;消息靈通人士;

adj.通曉的，見聞廣的

例句

Mary is a real hip.

The guy isn’t a hip.那個家伙什么都不懂.

常用詞組

Joined at the hip [口]交情極厚的

eg.This two are joined at the hip.

Shoot from the hip信口開河

eg. Sorry,I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.

10.graceful 優(yōu)雅的(修飾長相體態(tài))

同/近義詞

Elegant 優(yōu)雅的(修飾舉止behavior)

gentle 溫柔的

naive 可愛的

tender: Someone or something that is tender expresses gentle and caring feelings

Tender is the night 夜色溫柔菲茨杰拉德

菲茨杰拉德(F.Scott Fitzgerald)(1896——1940)，著名美國小說家。從1920年開始創(chuàng)作，以《人間天堂》一舉成名。他的小說生動地反映了20年代“美國夢”的破滅，展示了大蕭條時期美國上層社會“荒原時代”的精神面貌。直到1944年去世時，他仍在創(chuàng)作《最后一個大亨》。在他有限的創(chuàng)作生涯里，推出了包括《人間天堂》《偉大的蓋茨比》《夜色溫柔》等多部長篇小說和150篇 短篇小說。

菲茨杰拉德在圣保羅從小就被以美國貴族的養(yǎng)成方式培養(yǎng)長大，但是他寫作的主要動力卻來自高度浪漫的想象。他創(chuàng)造力最旺盛的時期是美國歷史上一個特殊的年代。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束了，經(jīng)濟大蕭條還沒有到來，傳統(tǒng)的清教徒道德已經(jīng)土崩瓦解，享樂主義開始大行其道。用菲茨杰拉德自己的話來說，“這是一個奇跡的時代，一個藝術(shù)的時代，一個揮金如土的時代，也是一個充滿嘲諷的時代?！狈拼慕芾路Q這個時代為“爵士樂時代”，他自己也因此被稱為爵士樂時代的“編年史家”和“桂冠詩人”。

練習(xí)：

1.They have tried their best to protect the _______ of the city wall.

a. remains b. remain c.remainder

remains 廢墟;遺跡;遺體。此詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但其動詞有時可以用單數(shù)形式。

Eg. The remains of the supper were/was taken away.

2.________ his great age, the old man still helps the family at harvest time.

a. Although b. Despite c. In spite

Although + 從句;

Despite + 名詞短語

In spite of 才為常用短語，后接名次短語

3. People used to go to Canterbury to _____ the saints there.

a. warship b. love c. worship

主要區(qū)別 warship和worship

4. She looks so ______ that she won the heart of the young man at once.

a. grace b. graceful c.disgraced

grace 為名詞，優(yōu)美, 雅致, 優(yōu)雅

disgraced：dis表示否定的，表示恥辱, 失寵, 丟臉的人(或事);玷污

5. In the most______ room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.

A .holy b. religious c frightening

holy adj.神圣的, 圣潔的n.神圣的東西

religious adj.信奉宗教的, 虔誠的, 宗教上的, 修道的, 嚴謹?shù)膎.僧侶, 尼姑, 修道士

frightening adj.令人恐懼的, 引起突然驚恐的

6. The city had once known ______, for it enjoy a high level of civilization.

a. a prosperity b. the prosperity c. prosperity

prosperity是不可數(shù)名次，表示繁榮。文中并未指出具體的那一種繁榮。

7.The head was carefully preserved .It was ______.

a. conserved b. maintained c. in good condition

conserve 節(jié)省、節(jié)約

maintain 維持, 維修, 繼續(xù), 供養(yǎng), 主張

in good condition 情況良好，與題干was carefully preserved (被精心地保護)在語意上銜接

語法解析：

1. stand 矗立，站立，忍受

There stands…

2. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.

This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.

1): must 的推測用法及其他情態(tài)動詞的推測用法

over one hundred people must have been driven away by the noise, I am one of the few people left.

he must have been there with someone that we don’t know.

2); for: 表達解釋原因，補充說明主句的原因。

如果再建些伸出海面的高大的煙囪狀通風(fēng)管, 隧道就具備了良好的通風(fēng)條件。

這個節(jié)日是個歡樂的日子，因為在這一天，據(jù)說死去的人要回到他們的家里來，活著的人則對他們表示歡迎。

because, as, since, for, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in that

as意為“因為、由于”，語氣比because弱，所引導(dǎo)的從句表示的是不言而喻、顯而易見的原因和理由，其從句一般放在主句前As it was late ， we came back soon.

since(既然)語氣較弱，強調(diào)已知的事實。

Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.

3. She stood (was) three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.

當(dāng)你坐著的時候，把胳膊肘靠在扶手上。

When you are sitting, keep your elbow on the arm rest

當(dāng)她說話的時候，目光停留在她丈夫的臉上。

As she spoke, her eyes rested on her husband's face.

4. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

1) turn out 證明是= prove + n. / adj. / to be

我們的聚會非常成功。

2) it turned out that + 從句

我們一直努力追求的愛情其實就在我們的身邊，從未離開我們

3) as it turned out…后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)

后來人們才發(fā)現(xiàn)，保護環(huán)境的重要性同人類如何活下去是同等重要的。

托福閱讀：推斷題的解題方法

你還在害怕做推斷題嗎?

調(diào)查：你認為哪種題目最難

托福閱讀中的推斷題一直是考生心理的陰影和恐懼，尤其是“推斷”兩個字，瞬間會讓大家聯(lián)想到柯南, 福爾摩斯之類帶有懸疑色彩的東西。據(jù)對所帶的學(xué)生進行的調(diào)查，提到哪種閱讀題型最難做，將近50%的學(xué)生把票投給了推斷題。

毋庸置疑，推斷題一定有一定的難度所在，這點我們從托福考試官方指南(og)的改變上就可發(fā)現(xiàn)一些端倪。第三版og上，推斷題的考查數(shù)量為0-2題，第四版og已經(jīng)增加到1-3題，ets的用(yin)意(mou)所在可見一斑。

那么，我們改如何應(yīng)對推斷題呢?推斷題真的像我們想象的這么難么?

今天我們一起來從考查形式上來解刨一下推斷題。

題干特征：推斷題的題干經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)infer,suggest,imply, indicate這類單詞

考查形式主要分為兩大類：對比推斷和細節(jié)推斷，而后者出現(xiàn)的幾率更大。

考查形式一：對比推斷

A時間對比：一般有兩個形成對比的時間點，它們所具有的特征一般相反。如：原文會出現(xiàn)before1990的信息，而題目會問after 1990的信息?

解決方案：收集問題對應(yīng)的時間點的信息，然后取反。

注意原文中出現(xiàn)的表示時間節(jié)點的詞 before, after, not…until…

例題

The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to be breaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s, whereas in 1810 only a seventy of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there.

What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?

○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.

○They were able to sell their produce at high prices.

○They had not been successful in raising cattle.

○They did not operate in a national market economy.

答案D

對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.

B直接對比：兩個或多個事物的特征——如原文會出現(xiàn)A的特點，然后會有B和A相比較的信息，然后題目問B的特點?

解決方案：收集題干所問的推斷對象(about后面的信息一般為推斷對象)的全部信息(一般為上述的B)，然后在原文所描述的與之相關(guān)的信息(一般為上述的A)的基礎(chǔ)之上取反。

注意原文中出現(xiàn)的表示對比的關(guān)系詞：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等詞。

例題

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

○There were great numbers of them.

○They lived in the sea only.

○They did not leave many fossil remains.

答案A

對應(yīng)關(guān)鍵句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

考查形式二：細節(jié)推斷

考查細節(jié)判斷，事物的特點，屬性等。

解決方案：收集題干所提問的推斷對象(about后面的信息一般為推斷對象)的所有信息。如果推斷對象所涉及的信息比較多，難以抓到重點，則逐個選項進行定位篩選。

例題

Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?

○It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.

○It prevents most groundwater from circulating.

○It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.

○It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.

答案C

AThere it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.

BBy far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle.

C At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.

DOrdinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams.

綜上所述，推斷題并沒有我們想象的那么晦澀。它仍然是關(guān)注細節(jié)層面的題目，主要考查考生收集和題目相關(guān)的信息和梳理這些信息的能力。我們需要做到：

1把題干提問的推斷對象的信息收集完全，并理解到位。

2記住所看即所得，不要過分推斷，不要腦補。

3任何文章中出現(xiàn)的信息都有可能考查推斷，所以不要忽略任何一個細節(jié)。

托福閱讀提速從結(jié)構(gòu)開始相關(guān)文章：

★ 英語單詞