托福閱讀考場實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗匯總介紹
托福閱讀考場實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗匯總介紹, 提升發(fā)揮表現(xiàn)看過來。今天小編給大家?guī)砹恕⊥懈ｉ喿x考場實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗匯總介紹 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀考場實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗匯總介紹 提升發(fā)揮表現(xiàn)看過來
托福閱讀考場實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗：靈活運用電腦屏幕中的按鍵
在這里要提醒考生們，托福有兩個按鍵常常被考生忽略，review和view text，第一個鍵可以用于檢查自己漏做或者是忘做的題目，第二個鍵在做prose summary時瀏覽全文，抓主要意思中心句式使用。
托福閱讀考場實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗：根據(jù)不同文章適當(dāng)做筆記
托福考試中會有三張專用草稿紙，同學(xué)們可以在做個別題目比如句子簡化題時可以在草稿紙上記錄下重要的訊息，以免同學(xué)們昏花到看漏看錯等低級錯誤發(fā)生。
托福閱讀考場實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗：仔細(xì)審題看清題目考點和題型
托福考試中不同題型有著不同的做題順序和做題方式，首先同學(xué)們要仔細(xì)看清楚了考查的題型是什么，比如有沒有suggest，imply這類的單詞，因為這種inference題型，答案是不會直接出現(xiàn)在原文中的。factual information和negative factual information是有個not 或者except的區(qū)別哦。
托福閱讀素材：蘋果手機銷量首次下滑
IPhone sales have fallen for the first time, as the global smartphone market grew at its slowest rate in eight years.
目前全球智能手機市場發(fā)展速度呈現(xiàn)八年來最低，而蘋果手機銷量也首次出現(xiàn)了下滑現(xiàn)象。
Sales of Apple's high-end smartphones suffered their first ever year-on year decline of 4.4 per cent, according to market analyst Gartner.
據(jù)市場分析機構(gòu)高德納公司稱，相比去年同期，蘋果高端智能手機的銷量首次下降了4.4%。
South Korean rival Samsung market share also slipped throughout the year to 22.5 per cent, a decline of 2.2 per cent, but was enough to maintain its position as the world's most popular smartphone vendor. In total, Samsung shipped around 320 million units throughout 2015 globally, compared to Apple's 225 million - some 15.9 per cent of the market.
作為蘋果公司的勁敵，韓國三星電子公司2015全年的市場份額同樣下跌至了22.5%，減幅為2.2%，盡管如此，卻也不影響三星成為世界上最受歡迎的智能手機供應(yīng)商。2015年三星手機全球銷量總計達3.2億臺，而蘋果手機銷量僅為2.25億臺，約占據(jù)世界手機市場的15.9%。
Consequently Apple's share of the smartphone operating system market also fell, from 20.4 per cent in the final months of 2014 to 17.7 per cent in the third quarter of 2015.
相應(yīng)地，蘋果公司智能手機操作系統(tǒng)的市場份額也相應(yīng)下跌，由2014年第四季度的20.4%減至2015年第三季度的17.7%。
Google's Android share rose 4.7 per cent from 76 per cent the previous year to 80.7 per cent in 2015.
谷歌的安卓操作系統(tǒng)份額增加了4.7個百分點，從2014年的76%增至2015年的80.7%。
The statistics are indicative of the wider slowdown in smartphone sales, as consumers in developed markets own more smartphones and tablets than ever before, and are replacing them at a slower rate than in the past. Weak international currency and fears of economic slowdown - particularly in China - are also contributing factors.
這些數(shù)據(jù)顯示了智能手機銷量普遍下滑的趨勢，其原因在于：如今，發(fā)達國家消費群體持有的智能手機和平板電腦數(shù)量比之前增加不少，買新?lián)Q舊的速度也較之前減慢。當(dāng)然，還有一些其他的影響因素，比如疲軟的國際貨幣形勢，以及人們對于經(jīng)濟衰退的憂患意識，特別是在中國。
In total, around 1.4 billion smartphones were shipped last year, which, while a 9.4 per cent rise over the same period in 2014, was the slowest rate of growth in the sector since its early days in 2008.
去年全球智能手機的全球銷量總計達14億臺，雖說相較于2014年同期增長了9.4個百分點，但從2008年開始的智能手機市場發(fā)展情況來看，手機銷量增速卻創(chuàng)下了新低。
Chinese vendor Huawei was the year's success story after increasing its sales by 53 per cent, making it the world's third-largest vendor. Huawei previously announced it sold more than 100 million smartphones during 2015, a figure Gartner places at around 104 million.
中國手機廠商華為公司的銷售量增加了53%，成為世界上第三大手機供應(yīng)商，這無疑是去年的成功神話了。華為公司先前宣稱其2015年的手機銷量為1億臺，而據(jù)高德納公司發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)，大約為1.04億臺。
Fellow China-based brand Xiaomi's sales were revealed to be worse than predicted, after the company claimed to have sold more than 70 million units during 2015, down from its previous estimate of 80 million, which had been revised from the original projection of 100 million. According to Gartner, the company sold closer to 65 million smartphones.
據(jù)透露，另一個中國品牌——小米手機的銷售量卻遠(yuǎn)低于預(yù)期。之前，小米公司稱2015年小米手機已售出7000萬臺，低于8000萬臺的銷售預(yù)期，這個銷售預(yù)期是經(jīng)過修改的，原本的預(yù)期為1億臺。據(jù)高德納公司稱，小米公司智能手機銷售量僅為近6500萬臺。
The 'others' band, which includes LG, HTC, Sony and BlackBerry, accounted for just under 45 per cent of the total market in 2015, selling some 635 million phones.
2015年，LG、HTC、索尼、黑莓等其他手機品牌在手機市場中占據(jù)的份額不足45%，售出的手機總量僅有6.35億臺左右。
Mobile World Congress, the world's largest mobile phone symposium, is set to kick off in Barcelona at the end of this week. New smartphones from Samsung, LG and Xiaomi are expected to invigorate this year's mobile release cycle, while Apple is widely rumoured to be preparing to launch a new entry-level handset called the iPhone 5se at a separate event on March 15, before going on sale three days later. The iPhone 7 is expected to be released in September.
世界移動通信大會是世界上最大的移動手機研討會，定于本周末在西班牙巴塞羅納召開。三星、LG和小米公司的新款智能手機都將在今年的手機發(fā)布周期中亮相，爭相斗艷，另有廣為流傳的消息稱蘋果公司預(yù)計在3月15日單獨舉行發(fā)布會，發(fā)行一款新型初端智能手機，名為“蘋果5se”，并將在發(fā)布結(jié)束的三天后開始上市銷售。另外，蘋果7預(yù)計在今年9月份發(fā)行。
托福閱讀背景：茶和咖啡哪個更適合你
Countless arguments have been waged over the superiority of one beverage over the other. But what does the scientific evidence say?
關(guān)于這兩種飲料孰優(yōu)孰劣的問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了無數(shù)爭論。但是科學(xué)證據(jù)是怎樣的呢?
George Orwell may have written that “tea is one of the mainstays of civilization in this country” – but even we British have to acknowledge that our national drink is facing stiff competition from the espressos, cappuccinos, and lattes invading our shores.
喬治·奧威爾或許寫過“茶是這個國家文明的一個支柱”這樣的句子——但我們英國人也要承認(rèn)，隨著濃咖啡、卡布奇諾和拿鐵侵入國門，我們的全民飲料正面臨著激烈的競爭。
Despite the dangers of wading into such a charged argument, BBC Future decided to weigh up the relative merits of each drink. There’s no accounting for taste, of course, but we have combed the scientific literature for their real, measurable effects on our body and mind.
盡管探討這個敏感話題充滿風(fēng)險，“BBC未來”欄目還是決定對每種飲品的相對優(yōu)點進行評估。當(dāng)然，百人百味，但通過精心梳理科學(xué)文獻，我們找出了它們對人體和大腦真實的、可測量的影響。
The wake-up call
醒腦劑
For many, the caffeine kick is the primary reason we choose either beverage; it’s the oil to our engines when we’re still feeling a bit creaky in the morning. Based purely on its composition, coffee should win hands down: a cup of tea has about half the dose (40 milligrams) of the stimulant caffeine that you would find in a standard cup of brewed filter coffee (80 to 115 milligrams). Yet this doesn’t necessarily reflect the jolt of the wake-up call.
對許多人來說，咖啡因的興奮作用是我們選擇這兩種飲料的主要原因;在睡眼惺忪的清晨，咖啡因就像石油一樣，給我們身體的引擎以能量。只考慮成分的話，咖啡可以輕松獲勝：一杯茶的咖啡因含量(40毫克)大約只有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)杯過濾咖啡(80至115毫克)的一半。然而，這并非反映了它們的醒腦作用。
Dosing subjects with either tea or coffee, one study found that both beverages left subjects feeling similarly alert later in the morning.
通過讓被試者飲用一定量的茶或咖啡，一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這兩種飲料都能讓受試者在早晨晚些時候感到同樣清醒。
Verdict: Against logic, tea seems to provide just as powerful a wake-up call as coffee. It’s a draw.
結(jié)論：雖然邏輯上講不通，但茶跟咖啡的醒腦作用似乎不相上下。平局。
Sleep quality
睡眠質(zhì)量
The biggest differences between coffee and tea may emerge once your head hits the pillow.
咖啡和茶之間最大的差異或許將集中體現(xiàn)在睡眠上。
Comparing people drinking the same volume of tea or coffee over a single day, researchers at the University of Surrey in the UK confirmed that although both drinks lend similar benefits to your attention during the day, coffee drinkers tend to find it harder to drop off at night – perhaps because the higher caffeine content finally catches up with you.
通過對比研究每天飲用等量的茶或咖啡的人，英國薩里大學(xué)的研究人員證實，盡管兩種飲料在白天對注意力集中的作用差不多，但或許是因為咖啡里的咖啡因含量更高，喝咖啡的人晚上更難入睡。
Tea drinkers, in contrast, had longer and more restful slumbers.
相比之下，喝茶的人睡得更久更香。
Verdict: Tea offers many of the benefits of coffee, without the sleepless nights – a clear win.
結(jié)論：茶不僅擁有咖啡的許多好處，還不會帶來不眠之夜——完勝
Tooth staining
牙齒變黃
Along with red wine, coffee and tea are both known to turn our pearly whites a murky yellow and brown. But which is worse?
眾所周知，紅酒、咖啡和茶都會把潔白的牙齒慢慢染成暗黃色或棕褐色。但哪個最糟糕?
Most dentists seem to agree that tea’s natural pigments are more likely to adhere to dental enamel than coffee’s – particularly if you use a mouthwash containing the common antiseptic chlorhexidine, which seems to attract and bind to the microscopic particles.
大多數(shù)牙醫(yī)似乎一致認(rèn)為，茶中的天然色素比咖啡的更易附著于牙釉質(zhì)之上——尤其當(dāng)你使用常見的洗必泰漱口水時，其中的消毒洗必泰能吸引并聚合微觀粒子。
Verdict: If you want a perfect smile, coffee may be the lesser of two evils.
結(jié)論：如果你想展現(xiàn)完美笑容，兩害相權(quán)取其輕，咖啡也許還好一點。
A balm for troubled souls…
不安靈魂的慰藉……
In England, it’s common to give “tea and sympathy” to a distressed friend – the idea being that a cup of Earl Grey is medicine for troubled minds. In fact, there is some evidence that tea can soothe your nerves: regular tea drinkers do tend to show a calmer physiological response to unsettling situations (such as public speaking), compared to people drinking herbal infusions. Overall, people who drink three cups a day appear to have a 37% lower risk of depression than those who do not drink tea.
英國人喜歡給煩惱苦悶的朋友送去“茶與同情”——這是由于他們認(rèn)為伯爵茶能夠治愈不安的靈魂。事實上，有證據(jù)表明，茶可以舒緩神經(jīng)：與喝中草藥的人相比，經(jīng)常飲茶者在處理一些令人不安的情況(如公開演講)時確實表現(xiàn)得更為鎮(zhèn)靜?？偟膩碚f，每天喝三杯茶的人比不喝茶的人罹患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險要低37%。
Coffee doesn’t have the same reputation; indeed, some report that it makes them feel like their nerves are jangling. Yet there is some evidence that it too may protect against long-term mental health problems. A recent “meta-analysis” (summarising the results of studies involving more than 300,000 participants) found that each cup of coffee a day seems to reduce your risk of developing depression by around 8%. In contrast, other beverages (such as sweetened soft drinks) only increase your risk of developing mental health problems.
咖啡并沒有這種功效;事實上，有些人覺得咖啡會讓人有些神經(jīng)錯亂。但是也有證據(jù)表明，咖啡能預(yù)防長期精神問題。最近的一項“薈萃分析”(總結(jié)了超過30萬名參與者的研究結(jié)果)發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天一杯咖啡的人患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險比常人要低大約8%。相比之下，其他飲料(如甜味軟飲)只會增加患精神疾病的風(fēng)險。
Verdict: Based on this limited evidence, it’s a draw.
結(jié)論：基于有限的證據(jù)，平局。
…and a balm for bodies……
身體的萬金油
Similarly tantalising, though preliminary, epidemiological studies have suggested that both coffee and tea offer many other health-giving benefits. A few cups of either beverage a day appears to reduce your risk of diabetes, for instance.
流行病學(xué)研究雖然才剛剛起步，但也很吸睛。該領(lǐng)域研究表明，咖啡和茶都對身體還有其它益處。例如，每天喝幾杯會降低患糖尿病的風(fēng)險。
Both drinks also seem to moderately protect the heart, although the evidence seems to be slightly stronger for coffee, while tea also appears to be slightly protective against developing a range of cancers – perhaps because of its antioxidants.
飲用這兩種飲料能對心臟起到一定的保護作用，盡管證據(jù)顯示似乎咖啡的功效更強，但許是因為茶中的抗氧化劑，茶對預(yù)防癌癥也有些許功效。
Verdict: Another draw – both drinks are a surprising, health-giving elixir.
結(jié)論：還是平局——這兩種飲料都是神奇的、有益健康的靈丹妙藥。
Overall verdict: Much as we Brits would have liked tea to come out the clear victor, we have to admit there is little between the two drinks besides personal taste. Based solely on the fact that it allows you to get a better night’s sleep, we declare tea the winner.
總結(jié)：大部分英國人都會覺得茶很明顯更勝一籌。但除了個人口味，必須承認(rèn)的是兩者的差異并不大。僅僅基于能讓人好眠這一點，茶無疑是贏家。
Vocabulary
pigment: 色素
dental enamel: 牙釉質(zhì)
antioxidant: 抗氧化劑
elixir: 萬能藥
托福閱讀背景之“Earl Grey Tea”
Earl Grey is a blend of Indian and Sri Lankan teas. Although considered a specific type or variety of tea, today, any black tea with bergamot flavor added is considered an Earl Grey tea.
The Earl Grey blend is named after Charles Grey, the second Earl Grey of Howick (1764-1845), who was one of the leading British statesmen of the late 18th Century and early 19th Century. Charles Grey was once in charge of the British Navy and went on to become Foreign Secretary. In 1830, he became Prime Minister and presided over the introduction of the Great Reform Act of 1832. The following year, his government abolished slavery throughout the British Empire. But despite these historic achievements, Earl Grey’s name is best known today because of the delicious, delicate, fragrant beverage named in his honour.
There are differing accounts of the origin of Earl Grey tea, but the most popular goes as follows. During his reign as Prime Minister, Earl Grey sent a diplomatic mission to China, where one of the envoys Grey sent saved the life of a Chinese. In gratitude, the Chinese sent the Earl a specially-scented tea. Earl Charles Grey was then reputed to have demanded his tea supplier in London to recreate the tea for him, and the taste became fashionable, eventually spreading worldwide.
The Ingredients of Earl Grey Tea
Despite its reputed Chinese origins, Earl Grey tea doesn’t contain China tea. It is a blend of Indian and Sri Lankan black teas, flavoured with oil of bergamot. The oil is extracted from the peel of the bergamot orange, which is grown mainly in the Calabria region of Italy. Bergamot oil is also commonly used inaromatherapy. Unlike green teas, black teas undergo a full fermentation process, which causes the leaves to turn black and gives them their flavour.
Lady Grey Tea
Lady Grey tea was named after Mary Elizabeth Grey, the wife of Charles Grey. Lady Grey tea is a variation on the more famous Earl Grey blend. It consists of green China tea scented with oil of bergamot, lemon peel and orange peel.
How to Serve Earl Grey Tea
Many people prefer to enjoy Earl Grey without milk and with a slice of lemon. They find that the tang ofcitrus that comes from the oil of bergamot makes Earl Grey tea particularly suited to being served with lemon.
Some others prefer their Earl Grey on its own, with nothing added. It’s all a matter of personal taste. But one thing that most Earl Grey enthusiasts can probably agree upon is that the tea should be left to stand for at least two or three minutes after the boiling water has been added, in order for its full flavour to emerge.
Resist that tempting aroma for a couple of minutes, and let your Earl Grey tea brew. It’s well worth the wait.
格雷伯爵茶是一種印度和斯里蘭卡茶葉為基質(zhì)的調(diào)味茶。盡管伯爵茶被認(rèn)為是一種特殊種類的茶品，今天，任何添加了佛手柑油的紅茶都可以通稱為伯爵茶。
格雷伯爵茶是以查爾斯?格雷，即格雷二世伯爵(1764-1845)命名的。查爾斯?格雷是英國18世紀(jì)末和19世紀(jì)初最重要的政治家之一，曾執(zhí)掌英國海軍，隨后又擔(dān)任了英國的外交部長。1830年，他成為了英國首相，并主持了1832年《改革法案》的推行。1833年，他的政府在整個大英帝國范圍內(nèi)廢除了奴隸制，盡管有如此多的歷史功績，今天，格雷伯爵的名字還是因了這種美味清香的茶飲而廣為人知。
關(guān)于格雷伯爵茶的起源有著多種解釋，最廣為流傳的一種解釋如下：在擔(dān)任首相期間，格雷伯爵曾派外交使團去往中國，在中國期間，他手下的一名使節(jié)救了一個中國人的命。出于感激，那位北京人送給伯爵一種有著獨特香味的茶飲。后來，格雷伯爵命倫敦的茶葉商重新為他配制這種茶飲，這種口味的茶飲開始流行起來，最終風(fēng)行了世界各地。
格雷伯爵茶的成分
盡管風(fēng)傳格雷茶起源于中國，其茶葉卻并不是中國茶。其成分是印度和斯里蘭卡紅茶，以佛手柑油調(diào)味。這種油是從柑橘類水果佛手柑的外皮中提取的，這種植物主要生長在意大利的卡拉布里亞地區(qū)。佛手柑油還常常應(yīng)用于芳香療法中。與綠茶不同，紅茶經(jīng)歷了完全的發(fā)酵過程，這使得茶葉呈黑色，同時賦予了其獨特的味道。
格雷夫人茶
格雷夫人茶是以查爾斯?格雷的夫人瑪麗?伊麗莎白?格雷命名的。格雷夫人茶是更為聞名的格雷伯爵茶的衍生品。它是一種以中國綠茶為基質(zhì)，加入佛手柑油以及檸檬和柑橘皮提取油的調(diào)味茶。
怎樣飲茶
飲用伯爵茶時，許多人喜歡不加牛奶，配上一小片檸檬。他們覺得由佛手柑油散發(fā)出的強烈的柑橘類味道使得伯爵茶特別適于搭配檸檬飲用。
還有些人喜歡單獨飲用伯爵茶，什么調(diào)味品也不加，這完全取決于個人口味。但可能大多數(shù)伯爵茶愛好者都同意的一點是沖入沸水后，應(yīng)該等上兩三分鐘再飲用，以使其香味充分地散發(fā)出來。
忍住怡人茶香的誘惑，等待幾分鐘，讓你的伯爵茶得以充分的沖泡，隨后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)等待是值得的。
Vocabulary:
aromatherapy 芳香療法，指用天然物質(zhì)萃取出的油脂、香料等治療皮膚病的方法
tang 強烈的味道
citrus 柑橘屬植物
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