托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題4條實(shí)用解題策略精講

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托福閱讀題型中可能事實(shí)信息題很多同學(xué)都覺得比較簡單。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈i喿x事實(shí)信息題4條實(shí)用解題策略精講,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題4條實(shí)用解題策略精講

托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題解題策略:了解出題過程

托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題既然是對文章具體內(nèi)容出題,如果只是將內(nèi)容摘抄然后出題意義不大。所以在出題時,對內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了一些處理。考生要明確“意群”和“同義替換”的概念,意群是指托福閱讀中能夠表達(dá)清楚一個完整內(nèi)容的一句或幾句話,這句話可以表達(dá)一個因果關(guān)系,或者能夠講清楚兩個事物的一點(diǎn)對比,出題者首先在文章中抽出這樣的一個意群;然后對其中的動詞進(jìn)行同義替換,使原句還是一樣的意思,只是不能馬上識別;接下來,出題者會將意群的一部分放在題干中,另外的部分放在選項中,再設(shè)計幾個選項即完成出題。

托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題解題策略:精準(zhǔn)定位原文

定位是解決事實(shí)題的關(guān)鍵步驟,往往定位對了題也就容易做了,定位錯了就會很糾結(jié)。定位大體可分為三種情況:(1)根據(jù)題干給出的段落進(jìn)行大定位(2)根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行小定位(3)根據(jù)選項中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位。

托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題解題策略:綜合分析對比選項

理解定位后的原文,對比選項,找到符合原文大意的選項。這種同義替換的能力也是考生需要具備的,主要分為兩種情況的同義替換:

第一種情況是將原文中關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行詞匯的同義替換,這就包括同義、近義詞的替換和同一詞的不同詞類的替換。比如OG The Origins of Cetaceans的第一題B選項中用conceal替換了原文的disguise。

第二種情況是改變了原文的句型。比如原文說Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies.在選項中則是The states were unable to build roads themselves financially.都是經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,意思并沒有改變。

托福閱讀事實(shí)信息題解題策略:快速排除干擾項

細(xì)節(jié)題中還是有不少陷阱的。比如我們經(jīng)常講一個選項如果大量使用原文原詞,不用同義替換,那么該選項很有可能是錯誤的。又比如我們經(jīng)常說一個選項要是說的過于絕對,往往也是錯誤的。在這里還有一種情況也需要廣大考生注意,就是原文或選項的主語是指代詞的,一定要把指代詞還原成名詞本身,因為往往指代的對象會張冠李戴,從而迷惑考生。比如托福官方真題Groundwater中的第四題where is groundwater usually found?很多同學(xué)會選擇C選項,因為原文有they are found wherever fast rivers carrying…但是要注意原文they并不指代groundwater而是指代上一句主語this material。因此C選項恰恰是個陷阱。

托福閱讀背景:你將在何時擺脫單身

Website uses an algorithm to predict when you will find The One (or whether you're destined to stay single).

有一個網(wǎng)站能利用某種算法來預(yù)測:你什么時候才能找到另一半(或者你注定只能單身一輩子了)。

It's a dilemma that many young couples will relate to - whether to stay in their relationship, settle down, or keep their options open by playing the field.

很多小情侶都面對著這樣的兩難抉擇——到底是去領(lǐng)回紅本本,讓感情穩(wěn)定下來,還是繼續(xù)就這么處著,騎“驢”找“馬”。

And now a new personality test claims to have found the answer, in the form of a complicated algorithm based on science, data, and a very detailed questionnaire.

如今,一種新的性格測試聲稱,它利用科學(xué)方法、各種數(shù)據(jù)和一個非常細(xì)化的問卷調(diào)查,推導(dǎo)出了一個復(fù)雜的算法——這個算法能幫你找到答案。

Nanaya.co was set up by Rashied Amini, a former NASA systems engineer from Saint Louis, Missouri, in a bid to prove to his then-girlfriend that they should stay together.

該網(wǎng)站(Nanaya.co)由來自密蘇里州圣路易斯的萊士德·阿米尼創(chuàng)建,他曾是美國宇航局(NASA)的系統(tǒng)工程師。他建這個網(wǎng)站的最初目的,是為了向他當(dāng)時的女友證明,他們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)待在一起。

Although the pair eventually went their separate ways, Rashied insists that his method can predict your chances of finding your soulmate, when you should settle down, and even how happy you will be in a future relationship.

雖然最終他們還是分手了,但萊士德堅持認(rèn)為,他的方法能幫人們預(yù)測找到另一半的幾率有多大、什么時候感情可以穩(wěn)定下來,甚至還能預(yù)測你在未來的那段感情中會有多幸福。

The findings are based on a variety of factors, from your values, future goals and deal-breakers in a relationship, to your personal experiences of being single.

最終結(jié)果將由一系列的影響因素得來,包括你的價值觀、未來目標(biāo)、處理感情的方式以及你單身時的個人經(jīng)歷。

It also compares your responses to data from the 22,000 other users who have apparently already filled in the questionnaire, to make the results as accurate as possible.

你的問卷還將與另外2.2萬個參與者的回答問卷進(jìn)行比較,以便得到更精確的預(yù)測結(jié)果。

Rashied says the site is aimed at people in their 20s or 30s who are wondering whether they'd be happier being single or committing to a long-term relationship.

萊士德說,他的網(wǎng)站將20多歲和30多歲的人作為目標(biāo)主體,想了解他們在單身時更快樂還是在戀愛時更快樂。

The 20-minute questionnaire covers everything from your friends and social life to your job, annual salary, and how many times a year you go travelling. It asks what you look for - and try to avoid - in a potential partner, whether that's their religion or dietary requirements.

回答一份調(diào)查問卷大概需要20分鐘,其中的問題涵蓋了生活的各方面,從你的朋友、社交生活,到你的工作、年薪,以及你一年有幾次旅行。里面還問到你對另一半的要求是什么(加分項,減分項),與他們的宗教信仰、飲食習(xí)慣是否有關(guān)。

Broken up into four sections - you, your match, your life, and final questions - it requires more than 100 responses, including your favourite animal out of a cat, dog, shrimp and monkey.

問卷分為四個部分:你、你的另一半、你的生活和終極問題——共100多個問題,比如在貓、狗、蝦和猴子這幾個選項中,選出你最喜歡的動物。

But can an algorithm really predict your future happiness? T

但僅僅是一個算法而已,它真的能預(yù)測人們未來的幸福嗎?

托福閱讀背景知識:10-3-2-1-0睡眠公式

Finding peace and quiet in today’s 24-hour society can be tricky but a simple technique could help boost your productivity, it is claimed.

外媒稱,在如今每日分秒必爭的社會,尋找一份平靜和安寧并不容易,但下面這份簡單的科學(xué)配方卻能幫你提高工作效率。

The 10-3-2-1-0 formula can help you sleep better, feel great in the morning and increase productivity at work, according to author and fitness coach Craig Ballantyne.

克雷格·巴倫坦是位作家兼健身教練。他表示,“10-3-2-1-0公式”有助于大家獲得更佳的睡眠質(zhì)量,在清晨起床時精神抖擻,并且大大提高工作效率。

He calls it the ‘Perfect Day’ formula and it’s all to do with giving yourself the best possible chance to start your day feeling well-rested and energetic.

巴倫坦稱之為“完美日”公式,認(rèn)為它能切實(shí)有效地讓你在清晨感到睡眠充沛、元?dú)鉂M滿,并以最好的狀態(tài)迎接新的一天。

Switching off at the right time before you go to sleep is essential, with the formula encapsulating much of the advice given by a number of health expertsfor better sleep.

這個公式結(jié)合了多位健康專家的建議,致力于幫助人們提高睡眠質(zhì)量。其核心思想便是:安排好睡前的時間分配。

The 10-3-2-1-0 formula

“10-3-2-1-0公式”

10 hours before bed: No more caffeine

睡前“10”小時內(nèi):不再攝入咖啡因;

3 hours before bed: No more food or alcohol

睡前“3”小時內(nèi):不再進(jìn)食或飲酒;

2 hours before bed: No more work

睡前“2”小時內(nèi):不再工作;

1 hour before bed: No more screen time

睡前“1”小時內(nèi):不再看電腦、電視或手機(jī);

0: The number of times you hit the snooze button in the morning

“0”次:保證你早晨鬧鐘一響就會起床——“0”拖延

“The single most important factor in winning your mornings and owning your days is to get up 15 minutes earlier and work on your No. 1 priority before anyone else is awake. It's that simple,” he explains.

他解釋道:“一日之計在于晨,要想好好把握早晨時光,精神百倍地開始新的一天并不難,其關(guān)鍵就在于:提前15分鐘起床,并在別人都還在睡覺的時候開始做一天中最重要的事?!?/p>

“When you follow this formula, you'll get more done and stop letting the big opportunities in your life slip away.”

“如果你認(rèn)真遵循了這個公式,你將完成更多工作,而且不會再讓人生中重要的機(jī)會從手中溜走?!?/p>

Tips for getting a better night’s sleep include sharing your bed with a pet, starting work at 10am and enjoying a warm cup of cocoa.

夜間睡眠質(zhì)量高的小竅門還包括:與寵物同床共眠;早上十點(diǎn)開始工作;喝一杯熱巧克力。

A different 4-7-8 technique, pioneered by Harvard-trained holistic health doctor Andrew Weil, could also be helpful for insomniacs.

致力于人體全面健康的安德魯·維爾醫(yī)生在哈佛接受過相關(guān)培訓(xùn)。他首創(chuàng)了“4-7-8方法”,這個方法或同樣有助于治療失眠癥。

The 4-7-8 technique

“4-7-8方法”

- Breathe in through your nose quietly for a count of 4

用鼻緩慢吸氣——持續(xù)4秒

- Hold your breath for a count of seven

屏住呼吸——持續(xù)7秒

- Blow air out through your mouth for a count of 8, making a 'whoosh' sound

用嘴巴吐氣,發(fā)出“呼”的聲音——持續(xù)8秒

- Repeat the process three more times

再重復(fù)這個過程三次

Why lack of sleep is bad for your health

為什么睡眠不足會有害健康

Regular poor sleep puts you at risk of serious medical conditions, including obesity, heart disease and diabetes – and it shortens your life expectancy.

經(jīng)常性睡不好不僅會引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的身體疾病,例如肥胖癥、心臟病、糖尿病等,而且會縮短人的壽命。

Most of us need around eight hours of good-quality sleep a night to function properly – but some need more and some less.

對大多數(shù)人來說,若維持人體正常機(jī)能,則需要每晚大約八個小時的優(yōu)質(zhì)睡眠,但不同的人會有一定差異。

As a general rule, if you wake up tired and spend the day longing for a chance to have a nap, it’s likely that you’re not getting enough sleep.

一般情況下,如果你醒來后感覺疲憊,而且在接下來的一整天中都想逮著機(jī)會瞇一會兒,很有可能是你沒有保證足夠的睡眠。

If you seem to catch every cold and flu that’s going around, your bedtime could be to blame. Prolonged lack of sleep can disrupt your immune system, so you’re less able to fend off bugs.

如果你很容易就感冒發(fā)燒或感染風(fēng)寒,可能是因為你的睡眠狀況不夠好。長時間的睡眠不足會破壞免疫系統(tǒng),身體抵御病毒的能力就會因此下降。

Lack of sleep can also make you put on weight

睡眠不足還會使人長胖

Chronic sleep debt may lead to long-term mood disorders like depression and anxiety.

從長遠(yuǎn)來看,長期睡眠不足可能會引發(fā)抑郁癥或焦慮癥等情緒紊亂疾患。

Studies have suggested that people who usually sleep less than five hours a night have an increased risk of having or developing diabetes.

研究表明,晚上睡眠時間經(jīng)常不足五個小時的人群患糖尿病的比例更大、幾率更高。

Long-standing sleep deprivation seems to be associated with increased heart rate, an increase in blood pressure and higher levels of certain chemicals linked with inflammation, which may put extra strain on your heart.

長期缺乏睡眠有可能引發(fā)心率加快、血壓升高等問題,還會增加體內(nèi)某種引發(fā)炎癥的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的濃度,從而加重心臟負(fù)荷。

托福快速閱讀有哪些方法

1一句話只看一遍

充分利用自己的語法知識,時刻把握句子主干,修飾成分要毫無感覺得快速瀏覽。在課后要經(jīng)常進(jìn)行長難句的不回視訓(xùn)練,重點(diǎn)把握句子主干。

2做分類標(biāo)記

做標(biāo)記除了大寫字母、時間年代、最高級、轉(zhuǎn)折標(biāo)志詞、因果標(biāo)志詞、列舉、讓步、強(qiáng)對比以外,還要標(biāo)記出并列連接詞(and,as well as, along with等等)、分號、冒號、表示作者態(tài)度的詞。這里可以給出一些做標(biāo)記的小竅門:標(biāo)記符號不要只用一種(如下劃線),也不要過多,最多三種,如括號、圓圈、下劃線,分別標(biāo)記原因、轉(zhuǎn)折和其他。

3一定要詳略取舍

a)讓步分句(如:帶although的分句、帶it is true的分句、帶do的分句等)一律跳過(用括號括起來),只看后半個分句;

b)such as后的內(nèi)容一律跳過,也用括號括起來,不過我會數(shù)數(shù)列舉的個數(shù),如果是4個,則必出題,其他個數(shù)不用管,出題了再回頭看;

c)for example舉例只要提煉關(guān)鍵詞的首字母就可以了,也要括起來,重點(diǎn)看后面或前面的結(jié)論。

d)原因——標(biāo)志詞常為Because、since——一律跳過,括起來,只看結(jié)果。比較容易被忽略的是result in和result from,遇到這兩個,我在下面劃橫線做標(biāo)記。

e)老觀點(diǎn)只把握關(guān)鍵詞、知道講的是什么就行,其他一律跳過。

f)冒號后一律跳過,冒號下做標(biāo)記。

g)分號后一律跳過,因為表示并列,內(nèi)容和前面大體一致,分號做標(biāo)記,出題的話再回來看。當(dāng)這些內(nèi)容都做標(biāo)記后,文章結(jié)構(gòu)就非常清楚了,哪兒是舉例、哪兒是結(jié)論、哪兒是原因、哪兒是轉(zhuǎn)折一目了然,定位非常容易。



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