考前沖刺階段三步走助力托福閱讀高分
考前沖刺階段雖然不能以閱讀練習為主,但大家仍需要花時間練習閱讀,把握好這段時間對于沖刺托福閱讀高分也是非常有幫助的。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈i喿x高分技巧,希望可以幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀高分丨考前沖刺階段三步走助力閱讀高分
步驟一 每天限時練習
在最后一個的前三個星期,建議大家每天的練習還是只需保持一篇文章左右,但是練習方法要開始有所調整。在做這一篇文章的時候必須要規(guī)定時間,也就是二十分鐘完成一篇練習,做完對完答案不可以就放一邊,而要好好分析,精讀一下。
精讀的概念就是把文章從頭到尾每句話、每個詞的意思都能搞清楚,尤其是和題目對應的文章部分。精讀完后就要仔細看下做錯的題目,總結一下是什么原因導致做錯,是單詞看不懂,還是句子看不懂,還是說思維方式上有點差距或者某個題型做題方法上還有待改進。
這樣做一篇練習然后再精讀分析,一定要花一到兩個小時,閱讀練習的量這一天也夠了。只是要每天堅持,都要花一到兩個小時去看閱讀,培養(yǎng)一種感覺,以這樣的托福閱讀備考方式積累一個月會把自己的狀態(tài)調整到最佳的。
步驟二 ??季毩?/p>
在這樣的7天時間里,我們可每天做一套到兩套模擬試題。但是,切記一定要在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成試題。這種自測的作用就是能體會到考試時時間緊迫的感覺,了解到自己時間把握上的薄弱點,在最后的心態(tài)上進行調整。當然做完練習后的主動分析也是必不可少的。
步驟三 考前回顧
與其說是最后沖刺,不如說是最后溫習。對于閱讀來說,平時的功夫更重要,考前1-2天再多做題也不會在托福閱讀能力上有所提高。所以建議大家考前 1-2天可以把以前做過。
以上是小站君為大家整理的托福閱讀考前沖刺備考攻略,考前沖刺托福閱讀高分,我們必須每天堅持練習,還要在考前一周堅持每天做???,考前兩天做整回顧,希望大家能把握好考前沖刺階段,讓自己閱讀水平有新的提升。
托福語法——口語中非謂語動詞的使用
口語中很多時候需要非謂語動詞的語法運用,但是大多數(shù)學生對于這個現(xiàn)象只是聽過,但是使用起來卻不知所以然。所以我在課上我會跟學生,尤其是基礎較好的學生來推薦用這個語法在口語中,這樣使口語的句子含金量更高,聽起來更加高大上。為了使學生正確使用,我會事先做個統(tǒng)一的講解,然后再要求學生盡量用在接下的表達中,這樣會減少出錯的概率,即使出錯了,經(jīng)過我糾正,學生便知道錯在哪里。
在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞.非謂語動詞有動詞不定式;動名詞;現(xiàn)在分詞;過去分詞。
用法是:
一、動詞不定式:(to)+do, 具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。
1. 不定式的形式:
否定式:not + (to) do
(1) 一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后, 例如:I'm glad to meet you.
(2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生,例如:The boy pretended to be working hard.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:I regretted to have told a lie.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主語:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,例如可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
(2)作表語:
Her job is to clean the hall.
(3)作賓語:
常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
(4)作賓語補足語:
在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
(5)作定語:
動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后.與所修飾名詞有如下關系:
①動賓關系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作狀語:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表結果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示強調:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
托福語法之四個小詞的基本使用方法
MAKE
1. We’ve made significant improvements to our invoicing system.
我們已對原有的發(fā)票系統(tǒng)進行了重要的優(yōu)化。
2. This is an area where we’re finally starting to make real progress.
這是一個我們終于開始 取得切實進展的領域。
3. We’ve made a major breakthrough in AIDS research.
我們在艾滋病研究領域取得了突破性進展。
4. Together we can make a real difference to the way people shop.
只要一起努力,我們可以改變?nèi)藗兊馁徫锪晳T。
5. I’d like to make a distinction here between what I call innovative and imitative research.
下面我要給大家介紹下創(chuàng)新研究和模仿研究的區(qū)別。
6. We want our clients to make the most of the facilities we can offer them.
我們希望客戶可以最大限度的利用我們所提供的設施。
7. After years of research into the technology, the company is finally making an impaction the sector.
經(jīng)過多年技術研究,這家公司終于在業(yè)界有了一定的影響力了。
8. There’s an important point that needs to be made here.
有一個要點需要告訴大家。
9. They’ve really made a mess of the ordering system.
他們的訂購系統(tǒng)搞得一團糟。
TAKE
10. Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to take this opportunity to welcome you all to our company.
女士們先生們,很高興你們來到我們公司,借此機會我希望表達對你們的歡迎。
11. It’s vitally important that we take action against illegal drug sales.
對非法藥品銷售采取反制措施是很重要的。
12. I’d like to take a few minutes to talk you through last quarter’s figures.
我會花幾分鐘時間跟大家過一下上個季度的數(shù)據(jù)。
13. Of course, it’s the innovative companies that consistently take the lead in cancer research that will benefit from this.
當然,那些一直引領對癌癥的研究的 創(chuàng)新公司才會從中受益。
14. It’s all too easy to think that research is all about taking initiatives.
人們很容易就會認為研發(fā)只不過是采取主動。
15. Sometimes companies need to take a chance and try something new.
有時候公司應該珍惜機會,主動嘗新。
16. The illegal copies of DVDs have really taken a bite out of our profits.
盜版DVD光盤確實大幅削減了我們的利潤。
GIVE
17. I’ll begin by giving you an overview of the history of our company.
我準備先來給大家講一下本公司的發(fā)展歷程概況。
18. Before I start, I’d like to give you the background to the work we’ve been doing in the last year.
在我開始之前,我想先給大家看一下去年我們所做的工作情況背景。
19. This graph will give you an idea of how far we’ve come in the last few years.
這張圖會告訴大家過去幾年我們 已經(jīng)取得了多少進展/做了多少工作。
20. I don’t want to give you the impression that it’s all doom and gloom.
我不想讓大家覺得前景黯淡。
21. I could give you hundreds of examples of where this system has worked.
關于這個系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮了作用的地方,我可以給大家舉很多例子。
DO
22. We’re extremely proud of the research our R & D team has done.
我們?yōu)檠邪l(fā)小組所取得的成果感到非常驕傲。
23. They have been doing some excellent work on the prototype.
他們?yōu)樵偷难邪l(fā)做出了杰出貢獻。
24. We recently did a survey and the results were astonishing.
最近我們做了一份調查,結果讓人觸目驚心。
25. You can often do more damage to company profits by expanding too quickly.
擴張速度過快通??赡軙o公司利潤帶來更多損失。
想掌握托福語法讓我們從這些基本概念說起
一、托福語法基本結構
英語是一門逐漸發(fā)展演變的語言,早在遠古時期,英語的結構其實只有以下這兩種,即簡單句的原始結構。
主+謂+賓; 主+系+表
主語
主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。在原始的簡單句中,主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
謂語(動詞)
謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下:
1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、復合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系動詞加表語構成。如:We are students.
在英語中一個簡單句只能有一個謂語動詞(知道為什么嗎),而且,我們平時學習的時態(tài)是針對謂語動詞來說。如果以do為例,do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在簡單句中,謂語動詞和主語是句子的核心,不可以隨意刪掉。
賓語
賓語表示動作的對象或承受者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
表語
表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞。
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)
二、托福語法定狀修飾
在簡單句中,只要滿足上面兩種結構,就可以把一件簡單的事說清楚,但隨著英語的逐漸演變,又演變出兩種新的成分,可以對句子進行修飾和補充,我們稱之為定語和狀語。在托福閱讀中我們遇到的多是長句和語言成分充分的句子,很少出現(xiàn)單純的簡單句,所以對如下語法內(nèi)容要掌握。
定語
修飾名詞或代詞的詞為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:(在漢語里,定語可以翻譯成…的)
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代詞)
狀語
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。狀語在高中是一個相對抽象的概念,在簡單句中狀語一般由副詞充當,修飾動詞和形容詞為主,除此之外,介詞短語在簡單句中也喜歡扮演狀語的作用,這個語法點主要存在于我們的語法填空和短文改錯中。
三、“高階”句式
隨著英語的逐漸演變,在某些簡單句中,相對應的句子成分不能用單詞進行描述。
主(多喝水)+ is great for your health.
I love 賓(踢足球).
My hobby is 表(玩電腦游戲).
I has bought a book(王先生寫的)等等。
我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在上面的例子里,沒有辦法用一個單詞進行描述,所以在演變的過程中,出來一個新的語法成分,叫做非謂語動詞短語(to do ,doing, done,注意done與did的區(qū)別)
1、只加不定式作賓語的動詞:plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish/hope, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。
2、只加動名詞作賓語的動詞:admit, avoid, consider, escape, imagine, mind, miss, practice, suggest, advise, allow, permit, risk, prevent, resist, deny, forbid,advocate, forgive, acknowledge, postpone, delay, fancy, recall,finish/complete, acknowledge等
3、下面這些短語只能加doing作賓語:be addicted to, be accustomed to, get down to, lead to ,contribute to, devote oneself to , object to, look forward to, owing to, become/get/be used to, pay attention to等等。
4、既可以加to do, 也可以加doing的動詞,且意思很相近的動詞:intend, attempt, continue, begin, start等。
5、接to do 和doing 作賓語意義差別很大的動詞:mean, forget, try, go on等。
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(動名詞)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(動名詞短語)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語)
The boy playing football(動名詞短語) is my brother
The dog killed by a car(過去分詞短語) is very fierce.
注意:非謂語動詞短語作定語時,要放在修飾詞的后面,形容詞做定語時,放在修飾詞的前面。
非謂語動詞短語是一個全新的語法概念,因為與我們漢語語法思維差別很大,所以同學們對此不是很理解,所以在學習時需要轉換下思維。它的出現(xiàn)解決了英語單詞扮演不了的功能,英語進入了一個嶄新的發(fā)展時期。
從句的到來,隨著英語的進一步發(fā)展,非謂語動詞短語的功能逐漸衰退。
主(我們所需要的東西)+is +much knowledge I know賓(Tom 什么時候回來)
My question is (是否我們需要好好學英語) I love a place(有很多鮮花和綠樹的地方)
我們會發(fā)現(xiàn),這時出現(xiàn)了一個句子來扮演成分的功能,所以也就有日后大家學習的賓語從句,主語從句,表語從句,定語從句相關概念了。
因此,希望今后同學們在托福備考的過程中,要樹立以句子為核心的觀念,不管這個句子多么復雜,它都是由簡單句演變過來的。把長難句一點點拆解為簡單句來理解,托??荚嚲蜎]有那么困難了!當然,作用最明顯的肯定還是閱讀和寫作了。