托福閱讀出題特點(diǎn)及練習(xí)方法
托福閱讀備考過程中很多同學(xué)都是悶著頭直接開始刷題，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x備考過程中很多同學(xué)都是悶著頭直接開始刷題，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀內(nèi)容解析：閱讀出題特點(diǎn)及練習(xí)方法
一.托福閱讀內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)
1.新托福閱讀考試的整體特點(diǎn)
題目大多為客觀題，基本都可以在文章中找到答案的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)。
新托福閱讀的出題順序和文章對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容的順序基本是一致的。
2.托福閱讀具體套路
托福閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)否定/轉(zhuǎn)折句、因果句、舉例句等邏輯關(guān)系比較明顯的句子?？纪茢囝}或者插入文本題。
文章中出現(xiàn)含比較級(jí)和比喻的句子往往會(huì)考推斷題。
文章中出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)性較大的詞如must, all, only, never, always等;最高級(jí)詞匯如highest, mostimportant等;同位語、插入語、舉例句等，這些往往是出題的要點(diǎn)，一般考查細(xì)節(jié)性題目。
文章中出現(xiàn)并列、列舉的信息，這些信息一般考細(xì)節(jié)性題目，尤其是否定排除題。該題型在題目的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有3個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合原文內(nèi)容，只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合原文內(nèi)容或者原文沒有提到，題目便要求選出這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。這種題型只適合于考并列、列舉信息。因此，考生們?cè)诖痤}過程中如果看到并列、列舉信息就應(yīng)該預(yù)想可能考否定排除題，或者遇到否定排除題時(shí)，在文章中定位信息時(shí)就應(yīng)該注意找并列、列舉信息。
文章每段的首尾句是特別重要的地方，因?yàn)橛⒄Z中作者往往喜歡在段落的首尾句表達(dá)中心思想，或者進(jìn)行總結(jié)綜述。因此這些地方往往容易出主體性問題，如摘要題，細(xì)節(jié)性問題或者結(jié)構(gòu)性問題。
二.托福閱讀訓(xùn)練方法
1.如何做精讀訓(xùn)練
詞匯方面，擴(kuò)大詞匯量(8000個(gè)左右)，不僅要知道單詞的漢語意思，還要掌握它的英語解釋及其用法，尤其是單詞在文章中的用法，有無特殊意義;熟練掌握猜測單詞意思的技巧。
從語法和句型入手，提高長句短讀的能力，對(duì)各種語法現(xiàn)象在思想表達(dá)方面的作用和相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式要熟悉。
從文章結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯入手，理清作者思想發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)，提煉各個(gè)段落的主題，清楚各個(gè)段落之間的關(guān)系，理解作者運(yùn)用的事例和所闡述的問題觀點(diǎn)之間的聯(lián)系。
2.如何做泛讀訓(xùn)練
選材要廣泛，天文、地理、文化、歷史、教育、藝術(shù)等內(nèi)容都會(huì)在新托福閱讀考題中涉及。推薦考生們多閱讀《國家地理雜志》和《DISCOVERY》。
提高閱讀速度，新托福閱讀要求在20分鐘內(nèi)讀完一篇650-750個(gè)單詞的文章，因此考生的閱讀速度必須提高。在閱讀過程中，考生要按照意群去閱讀，整篇文章一氣呵成。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
Pheromones are substances that serve as chemical signals between members of the same species. They are secreted to the outside of the body and cause other individuals of the species to have specific reactions. Pheromones, which are sometimes called social hormones, affect a group of individuals somewhat like hormones do an individual animal. Pheromones are the predominant medium of communication among insects (but rarely the sole method). Some species have simple pheromone systems and produce only a few pheromones, but others produce many with various functions. Pheromone systems are the most complex in some of the so-called social insects, insects that live in organized groups.
Chemical communication differs from that by sight or sound in several ways. Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne), but the signal can be persistent, depending upon the volatility of the chemical, and is sometimes effective over a very long range. Localization of the signal is generally poorer than localization of a sound or visual stimulus and is usually effected by the animal's moving upwind in response to the stimulus. The ability to modulate a chemical signal is limited, compared with communication by visual or acoustic means, but some pheromones may convey different meanings and consequently result in different behavioral or physiological responses, depending on their concentration or when presented in combination. The modulation of chemical signals occurs via the elaboration of the number of exocrine glands that produce pheromones. Some species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate creatures, but their medium of communication is difficult for humans to study and appreciate because of our own olfactory, insensitivity and the technological difficulties in detecting and analyzing these pheromones. Pheromones play numerous roles in the activities of insects. They may act as alarm substances, play a role in individual and group recognition, serve as attractants between sexes, mediate the formation of aggregations, identify foraging trails, and be involved in caste determination. For example, pheromones involved in caste determination include the queen substance produced by queen honey bees. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable to predators because of their gregarious habits and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm pheromone when attacked that causes nearby aphids to respond by moving away.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How insects use pheromones to communicate
(B) How pheromones are produced by insects
(C) Why analyzing insect pheromones is difficult
(D) The different uses of pheromones among various insect species
2. The word serve in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) improve
(B) function
(C) begin
(D) rely
3. The purpose of the second mention of hormones in line 4 is to point out
(A) chemical signals that are common among insects
(B) specific responses of various species to chemical signals
(C) similarities between two chemical substances
(D) how insects produce different chemical substances
4. The word sole in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) obvious
(B) best
(C) only
(D) final
5. The passage suggests that the speed at which communication through pheromones occurs is
dependent on how quickly they
(A) lose their effectiveness
(B) evaporate in the air
(C) travel through the air
(D) are produced by the body
6. According to the passage , the meaning of a message communicated through a pheromone
may vary when the
(A) chemical structure of the pheromone is changed
(B) pheromone is excreted while other pheromones are also being excreted
(C) exocrine glands do not produce the pheromone
(D) pheromone is released near certain specific organisms
7. The word detecting in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) controlling
(B) storing
(C) questioning
(D) finding
8. According to paragraph 2, which of the following has made the study of pheromones difficult?
(A) Pheromones cannot be easily reproduced in chemical laboratories.
(B) Existing technology cannot fully explore the properties of pheromones.
(C) Pheromones are highly volatile.
(D) Pheromone signals are constantly changing.
9. The word They in line 24 refers to
(A) pheromones
(B) roles
(C) activities
(D) insects
10. The word sedentary in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) inactive
(B) inefficient
(C) unchangeable
(D) unbalanced
11. Pheromone systems are relatively complex in insects that
(A) also communicate using sight and sound
(B) live underground
(C) prey on other insects
(D) live in organized groups
PASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAAD
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