搞定托福閱讀長難句先學(xué)會(huì)簡化

搞定托福閱讀長難句先學(xué)會(huì)簡化, 這些技巧讓你看懂每個(gè)復(fù)雜句式。今天小編給大家?guī)砹烁愣ㄍ懈ｉ喿x長難句先學(xué)會(huì)簡化，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

搞定托福閱讀長難句先學(xué)會(huì)簡化 這些技巧讓你看懂每個(gè)復(fù)雜句式

托福閱讀備考如何精讀長難句?

看不懂長難句是很多考生在閱讀時(shí)一直感到困擾的問題，大家在精讀時(shí)一定要加強(qiáng)對(duì)長難句的理解練習(xí)。考生可以先把每一段中最長的句子或者成分比較復(fù)雜的句子摘抄下來。對(duì)于托福閱讀考試來說，每篇托福閱讀文章幾乎都會(huì)考查句子簡化題，而句子簡化題的原句一般都是長難句，非常值得考生摘抄下來學(xué)習(xí)。

考生摘抄完句子后就要對(duì)句子進(jìn)行基本的句法分析。此時(shí)，首要的一點(diǎn)是找出句子的主干，理解句子的主要意思。何謂句子主干?一般指的是主句的“主-謂”、“主-謂-賓”或“主-系-表”等結(jié)構(gòu)?？忌梢允紫日业街骶涞闹^語動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)槿魏沃骶湟欢ㄓ兄^語動(dòng)詞，它是句子的靈魂，決定了主干的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和主要意思。

而長難句除了主干，一般還會(huì)有諸多修飾成分，比如介詞短語、不定式、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、從句等。一般來說，多個(gè)從句的出現(xiàn)會(huì)讓句子變得特別長，更加難以理解，因此考生在劃出主干后，可以先劃出從句，并思考從句的類別和在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞趾妥饔?，之后再理解句子的其他修飾成分?/p>

最后，考生再對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行翻譯，以確保自己真正理解了它的意思。當(dāng)你堅(jiān)持做這樣精讀句子后，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在考場上遇到長難句不再那么恐慌了，理解句子的效率也會(huì)有明顯的提高。

托福閱讀備考長難句精讀方法介紹

這里給考生做一個(gè)精讀句子的示例。

However, what is astonishing about this is not that Dutch agriculture was affected by critical phenomena such as a decrease in sales and production, but the fact that the crisis appeared only relatively late in Dutch agriculture. (托福官方真題23 “Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture”)

考生首先在筆記本上抄下這句話，然后再進(jìn)行句法分析，可以通過劃線等方式來體現(xiàn)。考生先找出主干，通過分析可知，本句主句的謂語為is，句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為A (what從句) is not B, but C (the fact)。

再來看本句有哪些從句導(dǎo)致句子變長了呢?首先，What引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作主語，也就是主語從句;第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句作be動(dòng)詞的表語，這樣的從句是表語從句;第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句則是同位語從句，用來補(bǔ)充解釋前面的名詞the fact。這是一個(gè)典型的由多個(gè)從句構(gòu)成的長難句。做完句法分析后，考生可以嘗試翻譯句子，如果有不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，先猜猜詞義，然后借助詞典進(jìn)行核實(shí)，最后完成整句的翻譯。

這句話可以翻譯成：“然而，對(duì)此，令人感到吃驚的并不是荷蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)受到銷量和產(chǎn)量下降等危險(xiǎn)現(xiàn)象的影響，而是這個(gè)危機(jī)在荷蘭農(nóng)業(yè)中出現(xiàn)地相對(duì)比較晚這個(gè)事實(shí)?！?/p>

托福閱讀長難句：甘薯的傳播

As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America. (39, TPO5)

anthropologist /?nθr?'p?l?d??st/ n. 人類學(xué)家

rather than prep. 而不是

raft /rɑ?ft/ n. 筏 v. 用筏子載運(yùn)(人或貨物)

navigator /'n?v?ge?t?/ n. 航行者，航海者;領(lǐng)航員，導(dǎo)航員;導(dǎo)航儀

我是分界線，大家先自己分析哦。

As Patrick Kirch, (an American anthropologist), points out, (rather than being brought by rafting South Americans), sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back (by returning Polynesian navigators) (who could have reached the west coast of South America. )

分析：

修飾一：(an American anthropologist)，同位語，修飾Patrick Kirch

中文：美國人類學(xué)家

修飾二：(rather than being brought byrafting South Americans)，介詞短語，rather than是托福閱讀里一個(gè)高頻短語啊，大家記住它是一個(gè)介詞，表示“而不是”

中文：不是南美人用筏運(yùn)來的

修飾三：(by returning Polynesiannavigators)，介詞短語，修飾bringback

中文：玻利尼西亞返航者

修飾四：(who could have reached the westcoast of South America. ) ，從句，修飾navigators

中文：已經(jīng)去過南美西海岸

主干：sweetpotatoes might just have easily been brought back

參考翻譯：

正如美國人類學(xué)家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏運(yùn)來的，而是通過已經(jīng)去過南美西海岸的玻利尼西亞返航者很方便就帶來了。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是介詞短語、同位語、非謂語動(dòng)詞以及從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長難句：水力資源

Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to, and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons. (64, TPO6)

我是分界線，大家先自己分析哦。

Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and (although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills),it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed (where nature intended them to), and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks (whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.)

分析：

修飾一：(although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills) ，從句

中文：雖然水力在Lancashire和Scotland十分豐富，能夠運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)谷物廠和紡織廠

修飾二：(where nature intended them to) ，從句

中文：水的流向是自然決定的

修飾三：(whether or not the location wasdesirable for other reasons.) ，從句

中文：而不管這個(gè)位置由于其他原因是否合理

參考翻譯：

只有最后一種完全適合持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)器，雖然水力在Lancashire和Scotland十分豐富，能夠運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)谷物廠和紡織廠，但它有一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)：水的流向是自然決定的，所以水力驅(qū)動(dòng)的工廠不得不位于河岸邊，而不管這個(gè)位置由于其他原因是否合理。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

其實(shí)狀語從句不是特別會(huì)影響大家對(duì)于句子的理解。