gre考試閱讀真題解析
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gre考試閱讀真題解析
Exterminator: Using poisoned food is the most effective tactic for combating a mouse infestation. The mouse will carry the food back to the nest, causing all of the mice to die, while a trap will kill only the one mouse that falls into it. If all signs of the mice disappear for three consecutive weeks after poisoned food is used, the homeowner can be sure that the poison was successful in eradicating the mice.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the exterminator’s claim that the absence of signs for three weeks means the mice have been eradicated by the poison?
(A) Because mice hide whenever they sense humans, it is very difficult to see or hear mice even when there is an active infestation.
(B) It is more humane to use live-catch? traps that allow homeowners to release the still-living mice outside.
(C) In the spring, many mice that nest in houses begin foraging for food outside and do not return to the comfort of the house until the fall or winter.
(D) There are several different kinds of poison that could be used, some of which are more effective than others.
(E) It sometimes takes longer than three weeks for all of the mice to ingest and die from the poison.
想要快速解決gre閱讀考試邏輯題，有幾個重要步驟必須做到。由于這些閱讀題往往是短篇ARGU類文章的形式。所以通常都是某人想要總結(jié)某個觀點(diǎn)，或者雙方就一個觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行爭論的提問方式。
搞定閱讀邏輯題第一步：確認(rèn)問題類型
看gre考試文章前先看問題，問題會告訴你需要那種邏輯思維方式來解題，有時候還會包含文章的結(jié)論。而仔細(xì)閱讀問題題干可能會幫助我們加強(qiáng)或者削弱結(jié)論、找出假設(shè)部分、進(jìn)行推理、解決矛盾、分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)。本題的問題，就是讓我們?nèi)ハ魅踅Y(jié)論。
搞定閱讀邏輯題第二步：分解文章論點(diǎn)
一般文章的論點(diǎn)會由這幾個部分組成。分別是：前提、結(jié)論、假設(shè)和反對前提。當(dāng)閱讀文章論點(diǎn)時，我們要學(xué)會分辨其中的這些部分，分解論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解析。
搞定閱讀邏輯題第三步：排除答案選項(xiàng)
把答案的每個選項(xiàng)都檢查一遍，首先，排除那些明顯錯誤的選項(xiàng)，然后把剩下的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對比。
選項(xiàng)A與結(jié)論的所有記號都消失矛盾，所以很明顯是錯誤的，可以直接排除。
選項(xiàng)B沒有談到我們需要削弱的觀點(diǎn)：3周沒跡象=老鼠全被毒死了。所以排除。
選項(xiàng)C比較對路。假設(shè)正好這個計(jì)劃在春季開展，有毒食物被放置好，而且3周沒有老鼠的跡象，但也許并不是老鼠被消滅了，只是所有老鼠都正好離開了，靠著春季的充足野外食物生存，到了九十月份又會回來。這樣就正好削弱了結(jié)論。所以這個答案比較正確。
選項(xiàng)D沒有談到需要削弱的觀點(diǎn)：3周沒跡象=老鼠全被毒死了。所以排除。
選項(xiàng)E比較容易出錯?？此七壿嬚_，但包含的假設(shè)條件文章內(nèi)并沒有提到，所以也可以排除。
綜合起來，正確答案是C。
從真題中總結(jié)的解決閱讀邏輯題技巧
1. 掌握上述的解題步驟。
2. 某些選項(xiàng)會比較接近正確答案，但缺乏對關(guān)鍵論點(diǎn)的削弱，這些都是陷阱選項(xiàng)，不要上當(dāng)。
3. 想當(dāng)然的選項(xiàng)，有些選項(xiàng)看似很正確，但其實(shí)并沒有事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，即在文章中并沒有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以無論它看上去多正確，都是錯誤的選項(xiàng)。解答時大家切忌自行腦補(bǔ)一些條件，忠于原文進(jìn)行解答是關(guān)鍵。
GRE閱讀：長難句分析
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. (5+)
物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無誤的論據(jù)不無道理，因?yàn)槟撤N只有在它是精確無誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化，便會失去它一部的作用;而與此相反，一個盡管并不精確無誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(shè)(underlying assumption)稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾
解釋：本句在文章中就是一個自然段，雖然長度比不上前面第一章中所舉的那個長達(dá)10行的例子，但是難度絕不在那句話之下。本句堪稱句子的大雜燴，連主句帶從句居然一共有八個。從大往小說，由whereas連接了兩個大句子，whereas后面的句子中的主語an augument之后又跟了一個定語從句that is convincing though imprecise， 修飾augument。whereas前面共有六個句子，由the physicist作主語的主句;由since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，修飾since從句中主語an augument的由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此定語從句中的條件狀語從句only if it is precise; since從句中的條件狀語從句if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修飾此從句中的主語assumptions的定語從句on which it is based一共八個句子，從句套從句，實(shí)在令人嘆為觀止。
然而，在考試現(xiàn)場去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目，是只有呆子才會干的事，讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復(fù)閱讀這句話，什么時候練到不必去想其語法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂，才算初步掌握;再進(jìn)一步把它讀順，直到你看不出這個句子有什么特別的地方，看上去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功。
However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)
起初，藍(lán)襪女們確實(shí)模仿了法國沙龍女主人，將男性襄括到其小圈子中來。然則，隨著她們獲得的凝聚力，她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團(tuán)體，并擁有了一種婦女團(tuán)結(jié)意識，而這種意識在法國沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無存，因?yàn)樗齻兠總€人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開來。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾
解釋：本句讀到表示并列的連詞and開始變難。and之后的不定式與前面的不定式是并列的，to的前面省略了一個與前面一樣的謂語came?！acking之后的分詞作定語修飾a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句又修飾逗號前面的salonnieres此從句中又有一個定語從句that each salonniere held in her own salon修飾其前的primacy,但是由于引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作賓語，因此被省略。
GRE長難句練習(xí)及解析：期的紡織廠主們
For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.
【標(biāo)識】
For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, 1[in justifying women’s employment] 2[in wage labor], made much of the assumption 3[that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores]; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order 4[hoary stereotypes] 5[associated with the homemaking activities] 6[that they presumed] 7[to have been the purview of women].
【難點(diǎn)】
1. 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝。in justifying women’s employment修飾entrepreneurs。2. 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝。in wage labor修飾women’s employment。3. 同位語從句。that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句進(jìn)一步解釋assumption。4. 賓語倒裝。hoary stereotypes是imported的直接賓語。5. 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝。associated with the homemaking activities修飾stereotypes。6. 定語從句及省略。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾activities，此處省略引導(dǎo)詞that。7. 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝。to have been the purview of women修飾activities。
【譯文】
比如，早期的紡織廠主們在說明他們在工資勞動中雇傭婦女的理由時，已經(jīng)做了很大程度的假設(shè)，他們認(rèn)為婦女天生就擅長做細(xì)活，并在進(jìn)行重復(fù)性的雜務(wù)時也更加細(xì)心;因此，早期的紡織廠主們就把這樣的陳詞濫調(diào)引入到了新的工業(yè)秩序中，即認(rèn)為家務(wù)勞動是婦女的天職。
【3s版本】
紡織廠主傾向于雇女工是因?yàn)樗麄兊某梢娬J(rèn)為婦女擅長干細(xì)致的家務(wù)活。
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