gre閱讀考試邏輯題解析
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gre閱讀考試邏輯題解析中
gre閱讀真題解析:
Exterminator: Using poisoned food is the most effective tactic for combating a mouse infestation. The mouse will carry the food back to the nest, causing all of the mice to die, while a trap will kill only the one mouse that falls into it. If all signs of the mice disappear for three consecutive weeks after poisoned food is used, the homeowner can be sure that the poison was successful in eradicating the mice.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the exterminator’s claim that the absence of signs for three weeks means the mice have been eradicated by the poison?
(A) Because mice hide whenever they sense humans, it is very difficult to see or hear mice even when there is an active infestation.
(B) It is more humane to use live-catch? traps that allow homeowners to release the still-living mice outside.
(C) In the spring, many mice that nest in houses begin foraging for food outside and do not return to the comfort of the house until the fall or winter.
(D) There are several different kinds of poison that could be used, some of which are more effective than others.
(E) It sometimes takes longer than three weeks for all of the mice to ingest and die from the poison.
想要快速解決gre閱讀邏輯題,有幾個(gè)重要步驟必須做到。由于這些閱讀題往往是短篇ARGU類(lèi)文章的形式。所以通常都是某人想要總結(jié)某個(gè)觀點(diǎn),或者雙方就一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論的提問(wèn)方式。
搞定gre閱讀考試邏輯題第一步:確認(rèn)問(wèn)題類(lèi)型
看gre考試文章前先看問(wèn)題,問(wèn)題會(huì)告訴你需要那種邏輯思維方式來(lái)解題,有時(shí)候還會(huì)包含文章的結(jié)論。而仔細(xì)閱讀問(wèn)題題干可能會(huì)幫助我們加強(qiáng)或者削弱結(jié)論、找出假設(shè)部分、進(jìn)行推理、解決矛盾、分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)。本題的問(wèn)題,就是讓我們?nèi)ハ魅踅Y(jié)論。
搞定閱讀邏輯題第二步:分解文章論點(diǎn)
一般文章的論點(diǎn)會(huì)由這幾個(gè)部分組成。分別是:前提、結(jié)論、假設(shè)和反對(duì)前提。當(dāng)閱讀文章論點(diǎn)時(shí),我們要學(xué)會(huì)分辨其中的這些部分,分解論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解析。
搞定閱讀邏輯題第三步:排除答案選項(xiàng)
把答案的每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都檢查一遍,首先,排除那些明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),然后把剩下的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
選項(xiàng)A與結(jié)論的所有記號(hào)都消失矛盾,所以很明顯是錯(cuò)誤的,可以直接排除。
選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有談到我們需要削弱的觀點(diǎn):3周沒(méi)跡象=老鼠全被毒死了。所以排除。
選項(xiàng)C比較對(duì)路。假設(shè)正好這個(gè)計(jì)劃在春季開(kāi)展,有毒食物被放置好,而且3周沒(méi)有老鼠的跡象,但也許并不是老鼠被消滅了,只是所有老鼠都正好離開(kāi)了,靠著春季的充足野外食物生存,到了九十月份又會(huì)回來(lái)。這樣就正好削弱了結(jié)論。所以這個(gè)答案比較正確。
選項(xiàng)D沒(méi)有談到需要削弱的觀點(diǎn):3周沒(méi)跡象=老鼠全被毒死了。所以排除。
選項(xiàng)E比較容易出錯(cuò)??此七壿嬚_,但包含的假設(shè)條件文章內(nèi)并沒(méi)有提到,所以也可以排除。
綜合起來(lái),正確答案是C。
從真題中總結(jié)的解決閱讀邏輯題技巧
1. 掌握上述的解題步驟。
2. 某些選項(xiàng)會(huì)比較接近正確答案,但缺乏對(duì)關(guān)鍵論點(diǎn)的削弱,這些都是陷阱選項(xiàng),不要上當(dāng)。
3. 想當(dāng)然的選項(xiàng),有些選項(xiàng)看似很正確,但其實(shí)并沒(méi)有事實(shí)基礎(chǔ),即在文章中并沒(méi)有提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容,所以無(wú)論它看上去多正確,都是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。解答時(shí)大家切忌自行腦補(bǔ)一些條件,忠于原文進(jìn)行解答是關(guān)鍵。
GRE閱讀:長(zhǎng)難句分析
Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved,the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view,namely,that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. (4) 盡管在神經(jīng)能量上存在著質(zhì)的不同,這一點(diǎn)從來(lái)都沒(méi)有在嚴(yán)格的意義上被反對(duì)過(guò),但是以上教條通常被拋棄掉,而轉(zhuǎn)向相反的觀點(diǎn),即:神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)從根本上本質(zhì)相同,而且被當(dāng)作“一種普通流”在整個(gè)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中傳播。
難句類(lèi)型:復(fù)雜修飾、雙重否定
解釋?zhuān)呵鞍雮€(gè)分句中有一個(gè)雙重否定,was never rigidly disproved,這種表示法用中文說(shuō)出來(lái)還是比較好懂的,原因是我們熟悉中文的這種表示法,但在英文中出現(xiàn),因?yàn)樵谝郧暗膶W(xué)習(xí)中見(jiàn)得少,所以感覺(jué)上很別扭。因此,同學(xué)們的任務(wù),就是通過(guò)反復(fù)閱讀此類(lèi)句子來(lái)熟悉這樣的英語(yǔ)。其實(shí)在英文表達(dá)中,很多雙重否定與中文表達(dá)是一樣的,表示肯定;如not unlimited就等于limited。但是值得讀者注意的是在GRE和GMAT這兩種對(duì)考生的邏輯有苛刻要求的考試中,如果這種雙重否定中所涉及的概念不是dichotomous(即二分法的詞匯,比如上面例子中的limited和unlimited),則雙重否定不一定表示肯定;比如本例中的not disprove, 不能理解為agree, 不反對(duì)者中,的確有人會(huì)同意,但通常心存疑慮,隨大流者居多。不但如此,大雙重否定中加上限定詞以后,在否定的范圍上也有所變化,如本句的be never rigidly disproved,沒(méi)有完全被反對(duì),不能理解為從來(lái)都被嚴(yán)格支持的,而應(yīng)該理解成從來(lái)都可能有人支持的。綜上所述,對(duì)雙重否定的句子,簡(jiǎn)單的把其置換為肯定,不是最精確的理解。而最好的辦法,就是通過(guò)多讀、多練來(lái)熟悉其語(yǔ)言表達(dá)及其邏輯方式,按照其字面的表達(dá)理解成沒(méi)有完全否定,然后大腦中反應(yīng)出其目前的生存狀態(tài)是一個(gè)仍未消失的狀態(tài);這種理解才是在考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)既快速又精確的理解。
運(yùn)用前面所說(shuō)的用合理化原則中的取非讀法,可以很容易的讀出作者在后半個(gè)分句中想說(shuō)前面的那種觀點(diǎn)被反對(duì)了。但是,初學(xué)者會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)分句中的something be abandoned in favor of something else這種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)感到突然,如果理解成因?yàn)橄埠笳叨鴴仐壛饲罢?,雖然也能說(shuō)得通,但是其實(shí)原文從來(lái)沒(méi)有這種因果關(guān)系,in favor of強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這兩種動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性;拋棄了前者,而轉(zhuǎn)向后者,namely之后的內(nèi)容是前面的opposing view的同位語(yǔ)。
Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size,number, arrangement,and interconnection of the nerve cells,but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned,the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. (4 -)
盡管其他實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的大小、數(shù)量、排列和相互連接上有一些小的差異,但是就心理-神經(jīng)的關(guān)系而言,這些感官區(qū)域彼此之間的明顯的相似性看起來(lái)比起微小的差異更為令人注目。
難句類(lèi)型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
解釋?zhuān)涸谇昂髢蓚€(gè)分句之間有一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned。在后面的分句中,主語(yǔ)the obvious similarities之后的、修飾主語(yǔ)的成分較長(zhǎng)、以至于有很多讀者看到相隔很遠(yuǎn)的more remarkable than時(shí)一下子反應(yīng)不過(guò)來(lái)是什么比后者更明顯。其簡(jiǎn)化形式應(yīng)為:similarities seemed more remarkable than differences。
GRE閱讀:長(zhǎng)難句分析
Although some experiments show that,as an object becomes familiar,its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel,the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (4+)
雖然某些實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,隨著一個(gè)物體變得熟悉起來(lái),其內(nèi)心再現(xiàn)圖像亦更具整體感,辨認(rèn)過(guò)程相應(yīng)地更趨于平行,但證據(jù)的砝碼似乎在支持序列假設(shè)(serial hypothesis),至少是對(duì)于那些不甚簡(jiǎn)單、不甚熟悉的物體來(lái)說(shuō)。
難句類(lèi)型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、省略
解釋?zhuān)涸贏lthough引導(dǎo)的分句中,謂語(yǔ)shows后面跟著一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中先出現(xiàn)一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)as an object becomes familiar,之后的內(nèi)容是由and 連接的兩套并列的主謂賓。其實(shí)and前后就是兩個(gè)句子,只不過(guò)作者省略了后面的句子中與前面相同的引導(dǎo)詞that和謂語(yǔ)become。
句子中有一個(gè)生詞holistic,其實(shí)即使不認(rèn)識(shí),也能用合理化原則猜出它是后面serial的反義詞、parallel的同義詞,大約是統(tǒng)一、完整或同時(shí)的意思;其實(shí)只要能理解到其是與serial相反的意思即可。
意群訓(xùn)練:Although some experiments show that,as an object becomes familiar,its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel,the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement,historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. (3+)
在很大程度上,由于女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)(feminist movement)的緣故,史學(xué)家近年來(lái)匯聚了大量的注意力,來(lái)更為準(zhǔn)確地確定婦女在各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的地位。 Focus A on B;
難句類(lèi)型:倒裝
解釋?zhuān)篺ocus A on B指把A集中于B,本句中介詞on的賓語(yǔ)determining/more accurately the status of women invarious periods中有一個(gè)小倒裝,正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是determining the status of women in various periods more accurately。
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