托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題觀點(diǎn)和詞句類素材匯總:打車軟件

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托福寫作的話題范圍很廣,有許多題目考生如果沒(méi)有提前準(zhǔn)備好相應(yīng)的素材往往會(huì)不知道如何展開論述。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題題目和理論素材匯總 ,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題觀點(diǎn)和詞句類素材匯總:打車軟件

托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題觀點(diǎn)類素材分享:打車軟件

1.cash burning 燒錢

不可否認(rèn),像滴滴快車這樣的叫車應(yīng)用是通過(guò)燒錢(burn cash)來(lái)?yè)屨际袌?chǎng)份額(to grab market share)的。所謂“燒錢”是指這些叫車應(yīng)用通過(guò)向客戶提供高額補(bǔ)貼(provide massive subsidies)的方式來(lái)大打價(jià)格戰(zhàn)(to wage a fierce price war)。這種新商業(yè)模式(novel business model)使得傳統(tǒng)的出租車行業(yè)處于劣勢(shì)(to put the traditional taxi business at a disadvantage)。很多客戶會(huì)因?yàn)楸阋硕D(zhuǎn)向叫車應(yīng)用。

2.venture capital firm 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本公司/private equity firm 私募公司

這種O2O模式的企業(yè),大多是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本公司(venture capital firm)或私募公司(private equity firm)。消費(fèi)者喜歡這種企業(yè),比如這次叁亞出租車司機(jī)罷工事件,乘客都是一邊倒地支持滴滴快車公司。乘客們認(rèn)為滴滴快車更便捷更便宜,傳統(tǒng)出租車行業(yè)自身也應(yīng)該進(jìn)行變革。

3.online to offline(O2O) 線上到線下

但同時(shí)不少人也質(zhì)疑像滴滴快車這樣的O2O互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)的燒錢行為能持續(xù)到何時(shí)。燒錢這一營(yíng)銷策略(market strategy)是否是一種可行的商業(yè)模式(viable business model), 因?yàn)樵跓X這種商業(yè)模式中,補(bǔ)貼起著決定性作用(play a defining role), 燒錢吸引來(lái)的用戶并沒(méi)有什幺忠誠(chéng)度,當(dāng)別的公司提供更多補(bǔ)貼時(shí),這些客戶就會(huì)“倒戈”。所以在這場(chǎng)燒錢大戰(zhàn)中勝出的唯一可能就是在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手破產(chǎn)(go bankrupt/go out of business)前,自己的錢還沒(méi)有燒完。

4.to publish financial statement 公布財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表

很多人悲觀地認(rèn)為,眼下這種以叫車應(yīng)用為代表的整個(gè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)的燒錢熱潮預(yù)示著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫快脹到頭了(to heralds the top of an internet bubble).由于這些O2O公司不公布財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表(not publish financial statement), 所以他們的燒錢規(guī)模無(wú)從得知。其實(shí)O2O這種模式之前在國(guó)外已經(jīng)受到了審視(be subject to scrutiny), 上世紀(jì)90年代,硅谷(silicon valley)曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫。因此,看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí),我們應(yīng)該想得更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)一些。

托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題詞句類素材分享:打車軟件

旅游勝地 resorts/tourist attraction

指定地點(diǎn) designated place

出租車司機(jī)罷工 taxi driver strike

手機(jī)叫車應(yīng)用 cellphone car-hailing application

危害了某人利益 damage one’s interest

燒錢 to burn cash

搶占市場(chǎng)份額 to grab market share

提供高額補(bǔ)貼 to provide massive subsidies

大打價(jià)格戰(zhàn) to wage a fierce price war

新商業(yè)模式 novel business mode

使得傳統(tǒng)的出租車行業(yè)處于劣勢(shì) to put the traditional taxi business at a disadvantage

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本公司 venture capital firm

私募公司 private equity firm

營(yíng)銷策略 market strategy

可行的商業(yè)模式 viable business model

起著決定性作用 to play a defining role

破產(chǎn) to go bankrupt/go out of business

預(yù)示著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫快脹到頭了 to heralds the top of an internet bubble

公布財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表 not publish financial statement

受到了審視 be subject to scrutiny

硅谷 silicon valley

托福寫作:學(xué)會(huì)巧妙用詞

一、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣并與社會(huì)文化背景相融合

由于東西方社會(huì)歷史文化的差異,許多詞所引申或代表的內(nèi)容也大相徑庭,F(xiàn)irst lady (第一夫人)絕不能理解為漢語(yǔ)的塬配夫人,因此在寫作中應(yīng)特別注意這類詞,否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致冒犯和誤解。Phoenix在西方象征“復(fù)活”、“再生”,而漢語(yǔ)的這一詞卻表示“祥瑞”。

即使同一事物,在美國(guó)和英國(guó)也可能有不同的表達(dá)。例如:corn一詞在美國(guó)指“玉米”而在英國(guó)泛指“谷物”;“地鐵”在英國(guó)用tube或underground美國(guó)則用subway。此類的例子還有pavement/sidewalk, Chemists' shop/drug store等。

二、注意區(qū)分同義詞,緊密結(jié)合寫作主題、對(duì)象及情景

英語(yǔ)的同義詞相當(dāng)豐富??偟膩?lái)講,英語(yǔ)詞匯的來(lái)源主要是本族語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、拉丁語(yǔ),不同的來(lái)源,其在使用中也要多加留意。 如ask,question,inter-rogate這叁個(gè)不同來(lái)源的同義詞在不同的主題、對(duì)象、情景下用法就不一樣。同義詞除了來(lái)源的不同會(huì)影響措詞的選擇外,它們?cè)诔潭?、感情色彩上也有不同。比如“瘦”可以用slender,slim,lean, thin,underweight,gaunt, lanky,skinny等來(lái)表達(dá),而sleder表示“苗條”是褒義的,skinny卻是貶義的,underweight則是中性的詞。即使同是褒義詞,表達(dá)的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite兩個(gè)同義詞當(dāng)用來(lái)描繪女子時(shí),都意為“個(gè)子小”的,但petite同時(shí)還有“勻稱”的意義,而little更強(qiáng)調(diào)“可愛(ài)的”或“可憐的”,根據(jù)不同的上下文,它還有纖小”、“嬌小”或“弱小”等不同意義。因此在選詞表達(dá)思想時(shí),一定要分清主題,對(duì)象及情景。

叁、把握英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的盲區(qū)

英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在一些語(yǔ)言的對(duì)應(yīng)上有一些盲區(qū),也就是兩者并沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)言來(lái)相互替換。比如family和home兩詞都可譯成漢語(yǔ)的“家”,但它們卻不是同義詞。Family主要指家庭成員,與人有關(guān),而home主要指所居住的地點(diǎn)、住宅。

托福寫作:作文首段如何寫

一般來(lái)說(shuō),開篇段落的寫作可分為兩大步驟:

第一步就是用簡(jiǎn)潔明了的句子對(duì)原題目的意思進(jìn)行同義替換;

第二步是提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。

這兩大步驟細(xì)化起來(lái)可以概括為四句話:

第一句,采用同義替換的方式對(duì)原題目的意思進(jìn)行更改,當(dāng)然是“形變神不變”;

第二句,對(duì)題目的意思進(jìn)行解釋

第三句,提出自己的觀點(diǎn);

第四句,概括自己所提出觀點(diǎn)的理由,引起下文。

下面我具體用一些客戶常犯的毛病題目來(lái)解釋這個(gè)“兩大步,四個(gè)句子”的具體運(yùn)用方法。

案例1:誤解原意思

Do you agree or disagree: Because people are busy with doing so many things, they can do few things well?

Original:

Some people may hold the view that they are able to do things well even if they are busy with doing so many things simultaneously or during a given period. Although plausible at the first glance, I disagree with the statement. Depending on my own personal experience and personality, I firmly maintain that people can do few things well when they are busy with doing so many things. My arguments of this opinion are listed as follows.

解析:

文章第一句話不是對(duì)原題目意思進(jìn)行解釋,而是采用采取了和原意思相反的做法來(lái)進(jìn)行題目詮釋;第二句表明自己對(duì)誤解題目的觀點(diǎn);第三句話對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行近一步的解釋;第四句一個(gè)過(guò)渡性的句子。開篇內(nèi)容安排倒是很好,但是作者犯了誤解原題目意思的錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致后面整個(gè)文字都做了無(wú)用功。

改后:

When people are engaged in a large extent of work simultaneously, they will not be able to perform all of them perfectly. Just imagine how terrible it will be: too many jobs need to be done by the same person in a given time. Once such a picture appears in my mind, I feel dizzy. To me, it is impossible to do everything well with the limited energy and many others factors .Therefore , I agree with the statement too many things to be done at the same time cause few to be well done . The reasons are as follow.

Revised:

第一句話對(duì)原題目意思進(jìn)行了很好的詮釋;第二、三句話進(jìn)一步解釋原題目;第四句話提出自己的觀點(diǎn);第五句話過(guò)渡性句子引起下文。

案例2 :語(yǔ)言羅嗦,繞彎子給出自己觀點(diǎn),浪費(fèi)時(shí)間

Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with their families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

original:

With the development of science and technology, people’s living standard has been improving day by day. According to the family plan, one couple could have only one child. So child becomes the center of the whole family. Some of them are even spoiled. Therefore, I think it is better if the young adult could live independent from their parents as soon as possible.

解析:

這個(gè)開頭看似沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題,但是仔細(xì)分析就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多問(wèn)題。首先,作者繞了個(gè)大彎才給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。其次,觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)原題目的抄寫,改動(dòng)的比較少。最后,開篇缺少引起下文的過(guò)渡句。更大的錯(cuò)誤是這個(gè)開頭更像是一個(gè)全文主要觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)。

Revised:

As we all know, some young adults have the sense of independence in a special period so that they want to choose to live apart from their family, while others still choose to stay with parents in the family. Family can provide young adults a warm bay where he or she could turn to whenever any problems arise. However, considering the sound development of the young adult both mentally and physically, I think to live independently the earlier, the better. Independence is a lesson that each of us must face one day. The detailed reasons are listed below.

解析:

第一句話詮釋原題目意思;第二句話進(jìn)一步解釋第一句話;第三句話提出自己的觀點(diǎn);第四句話解釋自己的觀點(diǎn),引出下文。


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