托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題題目和理論素材匯總：兒童教育

陳鈴221147由分享時(shí)間：2020-07-31 16:34:19

托福是寫作中圍繞較為熱點(diǎn)高頻的話題來備考是比較實(shí)用的一種方法。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽鳠狳c(diǎn)話題題目和理論素材匯總 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題題目和理論素材匯總：兒童教育

托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題常見題目分享：兒童教育

1. Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?(小孩應(yīng)該在很小的時(shí)候接受正規(guī)教育并花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)上，還是應(yīng)該玩耍?)

2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(孩子應(yīng)該在可能的時(shí)候幫助做家務(wù)。同意與否?)

3. A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child’s development. What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.(一個(gè)禮品比如照相機(jī)，足球，或動(dòng)物可以對小孩的成長有幫助，你愿意給小孩什么禮物幫助他成長?)

4. Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(很小的小孩花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間從事體育的好處和壞處?)

5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Games are as important for adults as they are for children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(游戲?qū)Τ赡耆撕托『⒆油瑯又匾?，同意與否?)

6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Younger school children aged 5 to 10 should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.(5-10歲的孩子應(yīng)該被要求學(xué)習(xí)除了數(shù)學(xué)，語言，科學(xué)以及歷史以外的繪畫和音樂。)

托福寫作熱點(diǎn)話題理論素材分享：兒童教育

Infant education is the education of children before they would normally enter school.(定義)The term "Infant" is typically applied to children between the ages of 1 month and 12 months.(時(shí)間)

Early childhood education focuses on children's learning through play, based on the research and philosophy of Jean Piaget.(理論)This belief is centered on the "power of play". It has been thought that children learn more efficiently and gain more knowledge through play-based activities such as dramatic play, art, and social games. This theory plays stems children's natural curiosity and tendencies to "make believe", mixing in educational lessons.(這句話非常適合用于托福寫作中，說明孩子為什么需要玩耍。)

According to Piaget’s theory, when young children encounter information that conflicts with their previously learned expectations, or schemes, they attempt to both accommodate and assimilate the new information. Through accommodation, a child attempts to adapt his / her mental schemes and representations in order to make them consistent with reality. Through assimilation, a child attempts to fit new information into their pre-existing schemes about reality. Through these two processes, young children learn by equilibrating their mental representations of reality with the reality they encounter.(這段非常有邏輯的論證了孩子是如何在經(jīng)驗(yàn)中和實(shí)踐中不斷學(xué)習(xí)和成長的。)

By applying Piaget’s theories to school programs, children’s experiences become more hands-on and concrete as they explore the nature of things through trial and error.(很適用于我們托福寫作中孩子犯錯(cuò)的情況)He believes that early childhood education includes encouraging exploration, manipulating objects and learning about the world through field trips. (很好用的平行結(jié)構(gòu)加論據(jù))Piaget found that children who were allowed to make mistakes often learned from them and discovered new solutions.(適用于創(chuàng)新)This theory posits that children build their own way of learning - paving the way for early childhood education.

Piaget’s theory have been significant in influencing early childhood education practices – how educators should teach, how they can affect children’s learning, and how they contribute to the cognitive development of the child.(一個(gè)非常漂亮的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。)

這篇文章在很好的程度上解釋了：

1. 孩子為什么要玩耍，如為了迎合好奇心，漸漸形成自己的意識(shí)，成長以及經(jīng)驗(yàn)的不斷更正的需要。

2. 怎么玩耍，如可以排演戲劇，體育鍛煉，參加短途旅游，學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。

3. 玩耍過程中可能犯一些錯(cuò)誤都是為了認(rèn)識(shí)世界做準(zhǔn)備的，都給予了非常好的解釋，這些對孩子的早期教育有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

4. 在詞句上大量用了平行結(jié)構(gòu)和學(xué)術(shù)詞匯，雖然不是非常難，但是非常地道，考生們可以學(xué)習(xí)這樣的詞句來寫托福寫作獨(dú)立作文，一定是非常有效果的。

這篇文章完全可以作為背景知識(shí)，看看外國學(xué)術(shù)專家們是如何看待托福寫作常見話題：兒童教育，同時(shí)也看看外國專家的邏輯是如何緊湊的。

托福寫作的技巧

托福寫作的規(guī)范思維模式：Audience-----Purpose----Organization-----Style-----Flow-----Presentation

首先考慮自己寫作的讀者群，也就是Audience，托福寫作當(dāng)然就是機(jī)改和評卷者，托福寫作評分人員基本為Lingustic， ES0L( English for Speakers of Other Languages), Literature 等關(guān)聯(lián)學(xué)術(shù)背景的PHD學(xué)者。知道他們對于考生的要求對我們來說是十分有利的。

語言的相關(guān)度和精簡度

不少同學(xué)都做過把句子拉長的訓(xùn)練，也就是盡量詳細(xì)的描述。但是也會(huì)搬用很多套用具和萬能詞組在自己的寫作中達(dá)到一個(gè)湊字?jǐn)?shù)的效果。大家如果要字?jǐn)?shù)要用例子來支撐字?jǐn)?shù)而不是一些無真正含義的套話。評卷人員其實(shí)對亞洲學(xué)生所使用的在寫作中的套話有做專門的研究和統(tǒng)計(jì)，這一點(diǎn)是我完全沒有想到的。

美國學(xué)術(shù)作文化的語言

盡量不要沉陷在優(yōu)美華麗的句子中，這其實(shí)并不是托福寫作的要求。學(xué)術(shù)化的語言嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，精煉，用詞恰當(dāng)。比如：and so on 和etc. 這樣的用法是不規(guī)范的，如果要列舉要么適可而止要不就全部列舉完整不可以用and so on來結(jié)尾，這樣會(huì)被認(rèn)為是不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。

在表達(dá)得到用“get”這個(gè)詞也是非常不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，因?yàn)間et這個(gè)詞不僅口語化而且本身比較抽象，在寫作中用的形容詞和動(dòng)詞要越具象越細(xì)致越好，用“obtain”來替換就比較合適。當(dāng)時(shí)我們導(dǎo)師的原話是：The verb and adjective you use should be specific and precise. 下一篇帖子中會(huì)對北美學(xué)術(shù)語言進(jìn)行具體介紹。

語言的相關(guān)度和精簡度

不少同學(xué)都做過把句子拉長的訓(xùn)練，也就是盡量詳細(xì)的描述。但是也會(huì)搬用很多套用具和萬能詞組在自己的寫作中達(dá)到一個(gè)湊字?jǐn)?shù)的效果。大家如果要字?jǐn)?shù)要用例子來支撐字?jǐn)?shù)而不是一些無真正含義的套話。的評卷人員其實(shí)對亞洲學(xué)生所使用的在寫作中的套話有做專門的研究和統(tǒng)計(jì)，這一點(diǎn)是我完全沒有想到的。

例子的運(yùn)用

這不僅是托福寫作技巧，北美教育機(jī)構(gòu)在寫作的評定中對于例子十分看重。例子與你觀點(diǎn)句的貼合度尤其重要。會(huì)有同學(xué)先背好不少例子，然后對題套用。這是可以的畢竟臨時(shí)想到好例子也很難。但是一定要把背好的例子做調(diào)整讓它更加符合你自己的觀點(diǎn)句。

對于例子的要求是：As specific as you can. 那么怎么specific，也就是盡量結(jié)合你自己特有的生活經(jīng)歷來描述。比如：Once， I went to a cafe, it gave customer discount if they bring their own cup or use mug instead of plastic cup. 這個(gè)是在寫一個(gè)關(guān)于商業(yè)能否環(huán)保的例子。那么這句話可以修改為： Last week, I went to a famous cafe in New York named Spot Cafe. One of its popular marketing strategy is that it provides customer discount, if they bring their own potable cup or use mug in store instead of using plastic cup.

另外一點(diǎn)就是例子的量一定要夠，也就是你每給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)就要盡量給出合理合適的例子作支撐。

Flow是在強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的邏輯性

全稱是Old-to-New information Flow。這一點(diǎn)是很多亞洲學(xué)生的死穴，也是為什么在閱讀中會(huì)有指代題問文中的it 和which 指代的是什么。因?yàn)椴簧賜ative speaker 在看L2(Second Language Speaker)的文章的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)很難找到句子與句子之間的聯(lián)系。