托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句不會(huì)分析怎么辦
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句不會(huì)分析?簡(jiǎn)化句子迅速把握大意。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈i喿x長(zhǎng)難句不會(huì)分析,希望可以幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句不會(huì)分析?簡(jiǎn)化句子迅速把握大意
一.托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析方法
對(duì)于難度較大的簡(jiǎn)單句,閱讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,將長(zhǎng)句變成短句,將句型結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子變成句型結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的句子。
二.托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析
1.不定式及不定式短語做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語
例1.To hold people accountable for their actions is important.
中文譯文:督促人們?yōu)樽约旱男袨樨?fù)責(zé)是十分重要的。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:不定式短語to hold people accountable for their action做主語。
2.動(dòng)名詞及動(dòng)名詞短語做主語、表語、賓語
例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative so lutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.
中文譯文:它涉及到探究深層次的關(guān)注,想出有創(chuàng)造性的解決方案,以及當(dāng)利益矛盾時(shí),做出交易和妥協(xié)。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語是it,謂語是involves,三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語做賓語(屬于平行結(jié)構(gòu))。在閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a與b同義或近義,所以只要認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)詞就能猜測(cè)出另一個(gè)詞的大致意思。例如:trade-off and compromises。
3.后置定語
例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.
中文譯文:做這件事最常用的方法是談判,一種想要達(dá)成一致的交流的行為。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:The most common procedure for doing this是主語從句;過去分詞短語intended to reach agreement是the act of communication的后置定語,the act of communication intended to reach agreement是negotiation的同位語,對(duì)negotiation進(jìn)行解釋。
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句:創(chuàng)造雅典民主
Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. (TPO40, 51)
democracy /d?'m?kr?s?/ n. 民主,民主政治,民主制度
clan /kl?n/ n. 宗族,家族;集團(tuán),幫會(huì)
aristocrat /'?r?st?kr?t/ n. 貴族
civic /'s?v?k/ adj. 城市的;市民的,公民的
分析:
這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:
Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非謂語 and 非謂語
第一個(gè)非謂語:(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)
第二個(gè)非謂語:(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)
修飾一:(to the creation of democracy at Athens),介詞短語
中文:在雅典創(chuàng)造民主
修飾二:(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ,非謂語動(dòng)詞
中文:完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)期過程
修飾三:(especially among the aristocrats) ,介詞短語
中文:尤其是在貴族間
修飾四:(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ,非謂語動(dòng)詞
中文:在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點(diǎn)的稱之為demes團(tuán)體
修飾五:(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ,從句
中文:這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點(diǎn)。
參考翻譯:
Cleisthenes對(duì)于創(chuàng)造雅典民主的主要貢獻(xiàn)是他完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)(尤其是貴族家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu))的長(zhǎng)期的過程,并且在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點(diǎn)的稱之為demes團(tuán)體,這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點(diǎn)。
托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句:熱帶地區(qū)土地面積
The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes——a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes——and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect. (TPO40, 55)
tropics n. 熱帶
projection n. 發(fā)射,投射;
exaggerate /?g'z?d??re?t/ v. 夸張,夸大
分析:
這個(gè)句子的主干就是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu),中間被一個(gè)破折號(hào)隔開了。
The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.
修飾一:(a fact) ,同位語
中文:一個(gè)事實(shí)
修飾二:(that is not always evident) ,從句
中文:不總是那么明顯
修飾三:(when we examine commonly used projections of Earth's curved surface) ,從句
中文:當(dāng)我們?cè)谧屑?xì)觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時(shí)
修飾四:(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes) ,從句
中文:因?yàn)檫@往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積
參考翻譯:
熱帶比高緯度包含更大的的土地面積——當(dāng)我們?cè)谧屑?xì)觀察通常所用的地球曲面投影時(shí),這一事實(shí)并不總是顯而易見的,因?yàn)檫@往往夸大了高緯度的土地面積——并且一些生物地理學(xué)家認(rèn)為多樣性的差異反映了這一影響。
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