雅思閱讀的出題規(guī)律

雅思閱讀的出題規(guī)律

　　眾所周知，雅思閱讀的文章通常都很長，如果學(xué)生采取先通篇閱讀的方式，再進(jìn)行答題，不僅非常耗時，今天小編給大家?guī)硌潘奸喿x的出題規(guī)律,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

　　雅思閱讀的出題規(guī)律

　　1.順序：雅思閱讀考題基本上都是按照文章順序來設(shè)置的;

　　2.首尾：統(tǒng)計發(fā)現(xiàn)在文章首尾句以及首尾段落，約有50%的考題出于此;

　　3.改寫：出題關(guān)鍵字基本都是對文章內(nèi)容的改寫，幾乎題目關(guān)鍵字沒有與原文內(nèi)容重復(fù)的;

　　4.圖表：通常來說閱讀文章中有圖表的話，會在此設(shè)置相應(yīng)的題目。

　　5.名詞：名詞基本上都是關(guān)鍵字，常常會設(shè)置相應(yīng)的考題;

　　6.連詞：表相似、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折以及比較的連詞前后，通常會設(shè)置考題;

　　7.數(shù)字：閱讀考試中也會出現(xiàn)一些帶有簡單運(yùn)算的簡答題;

　　8.下定義：破折號，同位語從句，定語從句，通常會出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的考題;

　　9.舉例原則：For example/For instance/Such as等短語前面是考點(diǎn);

　　10.特殊字體/符號原則：通常來說如果原文中有出現(xiàn)黑體，斜體，下劃線，以及括號()，引號“”等，常常會設(shè)置題目。

　　雅思閱讀點(diǎn)撥：掌握英語同義詞是關(guān)鍵

　　一、英語詞庫，即你是否擁有英語對英語的同義詞詞庫，還是只知道中文的意思，要知道這是國際性的英語考試所以他絕對不會以你做中國試題的思維考測你，雅思閱讀就是全文的找答案，可是你所定位的詞很多時候不會老老實(shí)實(shí)地坐在原文里等著你，這就需要你具備英語同義詞的能力。

　　如有一道題目，是T/F/NG，題目是：The Medical reference books in Tang Dynasty range from both academical and

　　practicalcontents. 這句話的考點(diǎn)詞是非常明確的，醫(yī)療書是否既包括學(xué)術(shù)，又包括實(shí)踐的內(nèi)容，如果只有其中一個，而不包括另一個，一定是NO。在原文中學(xué)生怎么也找不到答案，所以選了NG，你是絕對拿不到高分的，因?yàn)樵谠闹校琣cademic變成了theoritical，然而practical卻變成了pragmatic，medial reference books轉(zhuǎn)為了medician texts，在學(xué)生應(yīng)用對應(yīng)法技巧時，如果沒有同義詞的積累，這題是做不出來的。

　　二、你的paraprase的能力，就是改句子的能力，但不是寫句子，是讓你改。高手都很擅長改句子，換了一句話或幾句話來說，但是表達(dá)一樣的意思。 這就是我說的in other words，這個能力在heading list題型里，淋漓盡致地體現(xiàn)了考官的此意圖，如題目：The companyemployers show less caring to their staffs. 老板對員工不像從前那樣關(guān)心了。

　　原文：The caring image of company has gone.公司關(guān)懷員工的形象一去不返了。多么的經(jīng)典了，所以考官是希望你具備這樣的識別能力，可是不做這方面的能力訓(xùn)練，如何能達(dá)到這樣的識別能力?

　　三、句子主干的分析，當(dāng)你通過同義詞或paraphrase的能力找到答案所在處時，你要大概的知道這句話的意思，或者你要使用對應(yīng)法的技巧?？墒菍W(xué)生一看到許多單詞都不懂，都不知道怎么做了，所以要有分析主干的能力，知道什么是要看的，什么不用看，這里面名堂就多了，老師的經(jīng)驗(yàn)就充分的體現(xiàn)在這里。

　　并不是教你看得懂整句話的老師就是很棒，而是教你在單詞都看不懂的情況下，仍然能看得懂，這才是最重要的。因?yàn)槟愕搅藝饽顣?，每日的閱讀量是幾百頁，而且許多單詞對你而言可能都很陌生，如果你把每個單詞慢慢的查，每個句式慢慢地分析，你死定了，一天就算你牛，也最多20頁左右，而且看完了，也不記得看了什么。這部分是典型的能力加技巧。

　　四、速度，要有“大義滅親”的精神，一道題目1分半做不出，一定要學(xué)會放棄，告訴自己，一道題目算什么，17道沒有了，我還能得6分呢。因?yàn)榧词故亲铍y的文章也會給學(xué)生送分的題目，所以千萬要學(xué)會放棄

　　雅思閱讀素材：藥物研究失敗的原因

　　The Triumph of Unreason

　　A.

　　Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”， in economist-speak) from any situation. Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational. But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.

　　B.

　　The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense. For situations met frequently in the past， such as obtaining food and mates， and confronting or fleeing from threats， the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome. Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes， evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases. But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?

　　C.

　　One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein， an economist at Carnegie Mellon University， in Pittsburgh. In particular， he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt. To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists， Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology， to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.

　　D

　　In a study， the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another. In each round of the task， the researchers first presented the product and then its price， with each step lasting four seconds. In the final stage， which also lasted four seconds， they asked the volunteers to make up their minds. While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment， the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)。 This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain， as an indication of its activity.

　　E.

　　The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test. The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed. Moreover， the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.

　　F.

　　When the price appeared， however， fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain. Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex， a brain region linked to expectations of pain， monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures. The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.

　　G.

　　Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex， too. This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation. In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer's reaction to both product and price， rather than to price alone. Thus， the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex， and this often preceded a decision to buy.

　　H.

　　People's shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards. What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex)， even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex. His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives， as orthodox economics suggests happens， people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.

　　I.

　　That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading. If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time)， the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded.

　　Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason. Buying on credit， though， may be different. The abstract nature of credit cards， coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise， may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”。

　　J.

　　Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing. These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour， such as miserliness and extravagance， experience different amounts of pain in response to prices. They will also assess whether， in the same individuals， buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash. If they find that it does， then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods， and recreational drugs， that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste. Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

　　Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

　　TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　雅思閱讀備考：詞匯量的重要性

　　詞匯是看懂一篇文章的前提，也是很多學(xué)生非常痛苦和急于解決的難題。從平時的閱讀調(diào)查問卷里可以看出，很多學(xué)生都把“詞匯”寫在了雅思備考中最難準(zhǔn)備的一項和阻礙雅思取得高分的“攔路虎”。由此可以看出，很多學(xué)生對詞匯有些犯憷，但知道詞匯是通往雅思考試，尤其是閱讀考試必須跨越的一個門檻。學(xué)生們常常都會問要多少詞匯量才可以攻克雅思考試?如何在短時間內(nèi)迅速地提高單詞的認(rèn)識速度和擴(kuò)大詞匯量?哪些詞匯可以忽略，哪些詞匯必須知道并會靈活應(yīng)用?下文中，專家就將對這些問題一一解答。

　　不可否認(rèn)的是，考生要想閱讀考到6分以上，就必須具備一定的詞匯量。在這里筆者想提醒的是：雅思閱讀考試中難免會遇到難詞。正如雅思考官所言，IELTS考試對于本土人士 (native speaker)也是很有挑戰(zhàn)的(challenging)，即有些詞匯對于English Native Speaker 而言也是生疏的，更何況是英語只是一門外語的中國學(xué)生?當(dāng)然，這也不足為怪，一門語言就是一個世界，而我們每個人的知識又是有限的，因此不要強(qiáng)求和指望基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱的中國考生要在短時間內(nèi)掌握一萬或兩萬的詞匯。因?yàn)槿说挠洃浻袀€漫長的規(guī)律：記住—遺忘—重復(fù)記憶—遺忘—記住的規(guī)律。因此，不要把詞匯視為通往雅思高分的唯一條件。但對于詞匯量比較薄弱的同學(xué)，在此提出以下建議：

　　一、對于備考時間緊湊的學(xué)員來講，單純地去積累詞匯，是個耗時又不一定能夠迅速見成效的方法。根據(jù)筆者多年的實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，其實(shí)一個學(xué)生如果要上6，6.5，5000左右的常用高頻單詞就可以。而要上7分和8分的同學(xué)應(yīng)保證有6000個或以上的詞匯量。這些詞匯包括：雅思閱讀的高頻詞匯、及其同義詞、近義詞或同根詞、以及英語中一些常用的固定搭配。

　　二、避免記憶一些人名地名、專業(yè)術(shù)語和又長又難或比較生僻的專業(yè)詞匯，這些詞匯并不是雅思閱讀考試的重點(diǎn)，可以忽略不計。用一個符號來做一個標(biāo)記就可以。沒有必要把精力花費(fèi)在這些單詞方面。舉例：The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel’s experiment, seems the best candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought processes, with its close connections to the brain’s sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centers of metabolic control.(摘自于劍橋真題的一句話)

　　在上述句子中所有的有下劃線部分的名詞短語可以忽略不計，或者是視作一個A、B、...符號，就可以了。是否知道這些詞的真正含義并不影響對這個句子的理解。因此，這些詞匯不在之前提到的5000,6000詞匯之內(nèi)。

　　三、在雅思閱讀備考中，詞匯只需達(dá)到認(rèn)知(cognition)就可以，不要求書寫。即使有填空題，那些詞也是來自原文，所以只要考試時做到足夠認(rèn)真，就無需擔(dān)心拼寫的問題!故雅思閱讀的詞匯，與它混個臉熟，認(rèn)識就可以了，沒有必要天天用筆在紙上邊發(fā)音、邊拼寫的那樣辛苦記憶。

　　四、英語這門語言是個線性語言。詞匯并不是我們理解文章的唯一途徑。很多時候，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的怪事：我們認(rèn)識句子里的每個單詞，但是就是看不懂句子所講述的內(nèi)容。原因很簡單，我們只是單個去記每個詞的含義，而忽略了：有時幾個小詞組合成一個新的詞組，也可能延伸出與這些單個詞本身含義完全不同的意思。如果不認(rèn)識這個詞組的整體含義，一切白費(fèi)。如：rather, other, than這三個小詞，應(yīng)該是無人不知、無人不曉。但是：rather than, other than呢?又作何講?二者又有什么區(qū)分?又有多少學(xué)員可以清楚地區(qū)分出來?又如：anything but, nothing but? out of question, out of the question? 而這些詞組恰恰又是阻礙學(xué)員理解的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)!所以要把注意力放在這些知識點(diǎn)方面!

　　五、建議考生多收集和積累一些英語中常用的慣用搭配。特別是每個詞搭配成短語后，與原來各個單詞的意思截然不同的短語。譬如在真題中出現(xiàn)過這樣一個詞組：have a bearing on…，在許多同學(xué)的頭腦中知道“bear”這個單詞做動詞表示忍受;做名詞指熊。但是這里這個詞組卻與這兩個意思完全無關(guān)，這個詞組的意思是：be linked to or associated with。由此可以看出，其實(shí)這些固定搭配在很多時候會阻止我們迅速理解原文句子，迅速得出正確答案。

　　總而言之，同學(xué)們要學(xué)會把有限的備考時間分配好，就像是把刀用在刀刃上。雖然有人說：你們年輕，有的是時間可以揮霍!可是畢竟備考是個很辛苦的過程。而且次次進(jìn)考場，再加上學(xué)校要成績的日子越近，心理上的壓力就會越來越大。中國有句古話叫做：一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭!所以一定要認(rèn)真對待每次備考，注意學(xué)會策略和技巧，爭取早日拿到理想的成績!

雅思閱讀的出題規(guī)律相關(guān)文章：

★ 英語閱讀