雅思閱讀機經(jīng)真題解析之南極氣候
如果你的劍橋雅思閱讀已是爛熟于心，那么這一系列的雅思閱讀機經(jīng)真題真的很適合你，下面小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x機經(jīng)真題解析-南極氣候，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
雅思閱讀機經(jīng)真題解析-南極氣候
Antarctica-in from the cold?
A A little over a century ago, men of the ilk of Scott, Shackleton and Mawson battled against Antarctica's blizzards, cold and deprivation. In the name of Empire and in an age of heroic deeds they created an image of Antarctica that was to last well into the 20th century - an image of remoteness, hardship, bleakness and isolation that was the province of only the most courageous of men. The image was one of a place removed from everyday reality, of a place with no apparent value to anyone.
B As we enter the 21st century, our perception of Antarctica has changed. Although physically Antarctica is no closer and probably no warmer, and to spend time there still demands a dedication not seen in ordinary life, the continent and its surrounding ocean are increasingly seen to an integral part of Planet Earth, and a key component in the Earth System. Is this because the world seems a little smaller these days, shrunk by TV and tourism, or is it because Antarctica really does occupy a central spot on Earth's mantle? Scientific research during the past half century has revealed - and continues to reveal - that Antarctica's great mass and low temperature
exert a major influence on climate and ocean circulation, factors which influence the lives of millions of people all over the globe.
C Antarctica was not always cold. The slow break-up of the super-continent Gondwana with the northward movements of Africa, South America, India and Australia eventually created enough space around Antarctica for the development of an Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACQ, that flowed from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerly winds. Antarctica cooled, its vegetation perished, glaciation began and the continent took on its present-day appearance. Today the ice that overlies the bedrock is up to 4km thick, and surface temperatures as low as - 89.2deg C have been recorded. The icy blast that howls over the ice cap and out to sea - the so-called katabatic wind - can reach 300 km/hr, creating fearsome wind-chill effects.
D Out of this extreme environment come some powerful forces that reverberate around the world. The Earth's rotation, coupled to the generation of cells of low pressure off the Antarctic coast, would allow Astronauts a view of Antarctica that is as beautiful as it is awesome. Spinning away to the northeast, the cells grow and deepen, whipping up the Southern Ocean into the mountainous seas so respected by mariners. Recent work is showing that the temperature of the ocean may be a better predictor of rainfall in Australia than is the pressure difference between Darwin and Tahiti - the Southern Oscillation Index. By receiving more accurate predictions, graziers in northern Queensland are able to avoid overstocking in years when rainfall will be poor. Not only does this limit their losses but it prevents serious pasture degradation that may take decades to repair. CSIRO is developing this as a prototype forecasting system, but we can confidently predict that as we know more about the Antarctic and Southern Ocean we will be able to enhance and extend our predictive ability.
E The ocean's surface temperature results from the interplay between doep- wa,ter temperature, air temperature and ice. Each winter between 4 and 19 million square km of sea ice form, locking up huge quantities of heat close to the continent.Only now can we start to unravel the influence of sea ice on the weather that is experienced in southern Australia. But in another way the extent of sea ice extends its influence far beyond V Antarctica. Antarctic krill - the small shrimp-like crustaceans that are the staple diet for baleen whales, penguins, some seals, flighted sea birds and many fish - breed well in years when sea ice is extensive and poorly when it is not. Mary species of baleen whales and flighted sea birds migrate between the hemispheres and when the krill are less abundant they do not thrive.
F The circulatory system of the world's oceans is like a huge conveyor belt, moving water and dissolved minerals and nutrients from one hemisphere to the other, and from the ocean's abyssal depths to the surface. The ACC is the longest current in the world, and has the largest flow. Through it, the deep flows of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans are joined to form part of a single global thermohalinc circulation. During winter, the howling katabatics sometimes scour the ice off patches of the sea's surface leaving Large ice- locked lagoons, or 'polynyas'. Recent research has shown that as fresh sea ice forms, it is continuously stripped away by the wind and may be blown up to 90km in a single day. Since only fresh water freezes into ice, the water that remains bccom.cs increasingly salty and dense, sinking until it spills over the continental shelf. Cold water carries more oxygen than warm water, so when it rises, well into the northern hemisphere, it reoxygenates and revitalises the ocean. The state of the northern oceans, and their biological productivity, owe much to what happens in the Antarctic.
Question 14-18
The reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-F, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
14. introduction of a millman under awards
15. the definition of an important geographical term
16. a rival against Harrison’s invention emerged
17. problems of sailor encountered in identifying the postion on the sea
18. economic assist from another counterpart
Question 19-21
Summary
Please match the natural phenomenon with correct determined factor Choose the correct answer from the box; Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 19-21 on your answer sheet.
19. Globally, mass Antarctica’s size and _________ influence the climate change.
20. __________ contributory to western wind.
21. Southern Oscillation Index based on air pressure can predict __________ in Australia.
A Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
B katabatic winds C rainfall
D temperature E glaciers
F pressure
Question 22-26
Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on you answer sheet.
22 In the paragraph B, the author want to tell which of the
following truth about Antarctic?
A To show Antarctica has been a central topic of global warming in Mass media
B To illustrate its huge see ice brings food to million lives to places in the world
C To show it is the heart and its significance to the global climate and current
D To illustrate it locates in the central spot on Earth geographically
23 Why do Australian farmers Keep an eye on the Antarctic ocean temperature ?
A Help farmers reduce their economic or ecological losses
B Retrieve grassland decreased in the overgrazing process
C Prevent animal from dying
D A cell provides fertilizer for the grassland
24 What is the final effect of katabatic winds?
A Increase the moving speed of ocean current
B Increase salt level near ocean surface
C Bring fresh ice into southern oceans
D Pile up the mountainous ice cap respected by mariners
25 The break of the continental shelf is due to the
A Salt and density increase
B Salt and density decrease
C global warming resulting a rising temperature
D fresh ice melting into ocean water
26 The decrease in number of Whales and seabirds is due to
A killers whales arc more active around
B Sea birds are affected by high sea level salty
C less sea ice reduces productivity of food source
D seals fail to reproduce babies
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁
說明文
題目
南極洲的自然環(huán)境及其對全球氣候和水循環(huán)等的影響
結(jié)構(gòu)
A段：之前的南極洲被人類遺忘，毫無價值
B段：21世紀，人類對南極洲有了新的認識，發(fā)現(xiàn)它對氣候，海洋環(huán)流有重大影響
C段：南極洲氣候變化是如何形成的
D段：關(guān)于南極洲氣候的預(yù)測對澳大利亞農(nóng)業(yè)的影響
E段：南澳大利亞的海冰對海洋生態(tài)（動物）的影響
F段：南極海冰為北半球帶來積極影響
G段：南極洲的強大影響力得到人類肯定
試題分析
Question14-18
題目類型：段落信息配對題
Question19-21
題目類型：填空題
Question22-26
題目類型：選擇題
題號
定位詞
文中對應(yīng)點
題目解析
14
Weather prediction, agriculture
D段第五，六句
D段第五六兩句提到“通過接收更為準確的預(yù)測，放牧人能夠·······。這不僅會減少他們的損失，還可以阻止嚴重的草場退化”
放牧人，草場等關(guān)鍵詞可以表明這是氣候預(yù)測對畜牧業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）的影響
因此本答案為D
15
Sea ice, ocean’s vitality
F段倒數(shù)第二句
F段倒數(shù)第二句中關(guān)鍵詞“it reoxygenates and revitalizes the ocean” it（Antarctic sea ice）給海洋補充氧氣和重新激活海洋
因此本答案為F
16
Food chain, animals living pattern
E段最后兩句
E段第三句進行轉(zhuǎn)折了之后的兩句，進一步說明
Sea ice對海洋生物鏈的影響
“Antarctic krill （that are the staple diet for baleen whales, penguins, some seals, flighted sea birds and many fish）在海冰充裕時，很豐富；當海冰減少時，數(shù)量減少導(dǎo)致許多長須鯨和海鳥離開”
因此本答案為E
17
How, Atmosphere pressure, global climate change
C段最后一句
C段首句說“南極洲并不總是很冷的”接著一步一步解釋了南極洲氣候變化形成的過程，最終katabatic wind為全球制造了可怕的風(fēng)冷卻效果
因此本答案為C
18
Once, forgotten, insignificant
A段第三句
A段第二句中對Antarctic的形容是“an image of remoteness , hardship, bleakness and isolation”這是一幅遙遠，艱難，陰郁，與世隔絕的景象
最后一句提到“one of a place removed from everyday reality, ······with no apparent value to anyone”是一個遠離日?，F(xiàn)實，對任何人沒有明顯價值的地方
因此本答案為A
19
Antarctica’s size, climate change
B段最后一句
B段最后一句中總結(jié)“Scientific research revealed- and continues to reveals that Antarctic’s great mass and low temperature exert a major influence on climate and ocean circulation,···· ”
因此本答案為D
20
Western wind
C段第二句
C段第二句“···create ···for the development of an ACC, that flowed from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerly winds.”
最終發(fā)展形成的ACC影響盛行的西風(fēng)從西向東流動
因此本答案為A
21
Southern Oscillation Index, Australia
D段第四句
D段第四句“···the temperature of the ocean may be a better predictor of rainfall than is······· Southern Oscillation Index”
本句有一個比較級說明海洋的溫度和southern oscillation index都是用來預(yù)測rainfall的
因此本答案為C
22
Heart, significance, climate and current
B段最后一句
B段最后一句中的a major influence on climate and ocean circulation 正是 it is the heart and its significance to the global climate and current的同義句
因此本答案為 C
23
Reduce, economic losses
D段第五句，第六句
D段中第五句提到“通過接收更為準確的預(yù)測，當?shù)胤拍寥四軌虮苊庠诮涤炅坎蛔愕臅r期過度放牧”緊接著第六句說“Not only does this limit their losses·········”這會減少他們的損失
因此本答案為A
24
Fresh ice, southern oceans
F段第五句
F段第五句中提到“Recent research has shown that as fresh sea ice forms, it is continuously stripped away······ ” 這表明下沉狂風(fēng)katabatics會造成新的海冰形成
因此本答案為C
25
Salt, density increase
F段第六句
F段第六句詳細指出“因為只有新鮮的水才能結(jié)凍成冰，殘留的水變得越來越salty and dense, 下沉直到從continental shelf 剝落而沉下去”
因此本答案為A
26
Sea ice, food source
E段最后一句
E段尾句表明“當海冰減少時，krill 不豐富時，baleen whales and flighted sea birds 會離開，在南半球之間遷徙”
因此本答案為C
參考答案：
Version 24101 主題 南極洲氣候
14
D
15
F
16
E
17
C
18
A
19
D
20
A
21
C
22
C
23
A
24
C
25
C
26
C
雅思閱讀詞匯積累的基本方法
在講方法之前，我們先來談?wù)劮e累。大家都知道雅閱讀量大，生詞多，學(xué)術(shù)類考試中有很多專業(yè)詞匯，背單詞是很多學(xué)生頭疼卻又不得不去做的一件事。官方說法是雅思閱讀分數(shù)在6.5分左右水平的學(xué)生，雅思詞匯量要求不能低于8500詞匯，通常在閱讀里不被拉低平均分的話，我們學(xué)生一定要達到近1萬的詞匯量。那這么多的單詞，我們怎么去短時間內(nèi)迅速掌握呢?
下面就給大家推薦幾種方法，希望烤鴨們可以試用：
1，合理選擇背誦的詞匯。
基礎(chǔ)詞匯建議大學(xué)英語4.6級要求詞匯。推薦這個詞匯，是因為這兩本書里要求的詞匯很多都是平時在閱讀中常用到的基礎(chǔ)詞，無論是對大學(xué)英語，雅思，還是托福，sat，等英語類考試，都是很基礎(chǔ)的，這就好比一句話有10個詞匯，其中7個詞匯都是基礎(chǔ)詞，只有兩個專業(yè)術(shù)語，這個時候如果你基礎(chǔ)詞不認識，你光認識術(shù)語，你還是不懂他在說什么，但是如果你不認識術(shù)語，你可以憑借語境去猜測，這樣對文章的理解就好很多。
2，多背雅思考試真題閱讀中的詞匯，特別要記住形容詞和動詞。
這個很好理解，主要是需要大家利用動詞和形容詞進行合理分析文章含義，名詞有的時候我們完全可以不用知道，它并不是理解一句話的關(guān)鍵。
舉個例子： (雅思3-1-2)25 Smokers' cardiovascular systems adapt to the intake of environmental smoke.
這道題里，你完全不用知道cardiovascular systems是什么，你只需要去文章定位這個單詞，理解這句話的意思就可以做出題。你可以理解成，吸煙者的什么系統(tǒng)適應(yīng)了環(huán)境中煙霧的吸入。這樣就很方便你去做題了。
3，選擇背基詞和詞根記憶法。很多同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)了，有些單詞看起來很長，但是其實只要我們記住其中的一個基詞，那其他的單詞都是它的衍生詞。
舉個例子：disproportionately 這個詞乍一看上去很長 很嚇人，但仔細看你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)其實它是dis前詞頭+proportionate形容詞成比例+ly慣用副詞詞綴 所構(gòu)成的，這就是說明，只要我們認識proportion 這個詞，其他的衍生詞我們都能夠猜出來。所以很多詞根是學(xué)生們要主要背誦的。
尤其是那些否定詞綴 名詞性詞綴等特殊詞根，更是重中之重。
上圖就是幾個詞根的意思和例子，還要很多常用的詞根，在此就不一一列舉了。
4，多背誦，多做題，多看，7遍為一次記憶點。
很多學(xué)生都說，老師這個單詞我之前見過好幾次了，現(xiàn)在又忘了。這樣的情況大家一定都有過吧?這個其實就是你記得次數(shù)還沒到，它很熟悉了，就差幾遍就刻骨銘心了，當這個單詞你背誦過7次以后，這個單詞就永遠記住了!這其實源自于我們大腦里的一個記憶曲線有關(guān)。所以，碰到這樣的單詞，寫下來，再看幾遍你就贏了!
好了，今天就和大家分享一些背單詞的經(jīng)驗，但是大家一定要記住，英語學(xué)習(xí)，考的不是智商，而是勤奮，背單詞是一個辛苦活，但是有技巧的去背，會提高我們的效率。
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