快速掌握雅思閱讀高分技巧3要素
快速掌握雅思閱讀高分技巧3要素
如何才能熟練掌握雅思閱讀的考試技巧呢?今天小編給大家?guī)砹丝焖僬莆昭潘奸喿x高分技巧3要素，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
快速掌握雅思閱讀高分技巧3要素
雅思閱讀共三篇文章(本文集中探討A類閱讀考試的情況，G類在文章長(zhǎng)度和題材方面與此有一定不同)，四十道各種類型的考題，考試時(shí)間1小時(shí)，絕大多數(shù)雅思考生在有限的考試時(shí)間里，如果匆匆讀文做題，則速度上升了但正確率便會(huì)大幅度下降，而如果認(rèn)真閱讀每一道題目和原文內(nèi)容，則正確率得到了提升但卻無論如何無法讀完三篇文章、答出所有題目。如何同時(shí)提升閱讀速度和做題效率、讓這二者齊頭并進(jìn)呢?歸根結(jié)底，在于一個(gè)“熟”字;具體來說，可以分為以下三個(gè)方面(重要性逐級(jí)遞增)：
熟悉雅思閱讀題型
快速了解、熟悉一門考試的最好方法，莫過于學(xué)習(xí)、試做此門考試的以往考題，由此來了解題型特點(diǎn)、題目要求、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)等。如果事先就對(duì)題型有所接觸，在考試場(chǎng)上自然也就能快速辨認(rèn)出是什么題目、有什么特征、出題順序是否與文章行文順序一致等，也就完全無需再耗費(fèi)任何多余時(shí)間來拖慢自己的讀題速度了。
以雅思題目中NB這個(gè)“溫馨提示”來說明一下。這是一個(gè)拉丁文縮寫，全稱為Nota Bene，意為“Note Well”或曰“Pay Attention”，提示雅思考生要“格外注意”;至于需要注意什么，則在不同題型中有所區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)行雅思閱讀考試中有兩種類型的NB。一種有可能出現(xiàn)在搭配題和填空題中，具體NB的內(nèi)容是：You may use any letter more than once. 雅思考生如果遇到這一提醒，需格外注意“必定有任意一個(gè)字母選項(xiàng)會(huì)被使用不止一次”。舉例來說，如果此部分題目為五個(gè)問題搭配五個(gè)字母而有NB，則必定是有兩個(gè)問題共用了某一個(gè)選項(xiàng)字母，另外某個(gè)字母選項(xiàng)完全不會(huì)成為正確答案，此時(shí)切不可在選出四道問題的答案后使用“排除法”、想也不想地為最后一道問題選擇剩下的那個(gè)字母選項(xiàng);如果此部分題目為五個(gè)問題搭配五個(gè)字母而無NB，就必定不會(huì)有重復(fù)選項(xiàng)的情況發(fā)生。如果雅思考生對(duì)于四個(gè)問題的答案選擇都比較篤定，就可以直接運(yùn)用排除法為最后一個(gè)問題選擇剩下那個(gè)字母選項(xiàng)即可。
而NB若是出現(xiàn)在多項(xiàng)選擇題中，提醒的內(nèi)容就成了：Your answers may be given in either/any order.”由于雅思考試要求雅思考生將全部答案謄寫至答題卡上才能得分，所以此處的提醒其實(shí)僅僅只是在告訴雅思考生：此部分多選題的所有選項(xiàng)在謄寫時(shí)不一定非得按照字母順序。如果一個(gè)題號(hào)為1-3的多選題正確答案為A, B和C，那么雅思考生在答題卡上的1、2、3欄內(nèi)無論是寫下1.A;2.B;3.C，抑或1.C;2.B;3.A，還是1.B;2.A;3.C，都可以順利得分。對(duì)此，雅思考生只需在備考時(shí)事先有所了解即可，完全無需在考場(chǎng)上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間仔細(xì)閱讀。
熟知雅思閱讀解題方法
針對(duì)不同特征的題目，解題方式各有不同。雅思考生如能事先進(jìn)行一定練習(xí)，熟練掌握解題思路和步驟，上得考場(chǎng)時(shí)自然也就能夠駕輕就熟、快速解答。本文以List of Headings和Which paragraph contains the following information這兩個(gè)題型為例，簡(jiǎn)單說明如下：
List of Headings考察雅思考生總結(jié)段落(paragraph)或文章層次(section)大意的能力。問題總是位于文章正文的前面，而非像其它題型那樣按照以往出題傳統(tǒng)跟在正文的后面，雅思考生一定要注意找對(duì)位置。這種題目著眼于段落的主旨大意而不糾結(jié)某個(gè)句子里的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息，因此解答的關(guān)鍵步驟在于抓住每個(gè)段落中topic sentences的大意。通常來說，一個(gè)規(guī)則段落一般都會(huì)在開頭或結(jié)尾處出現(xiàn)主旨大意，所以看段落的開頭兩句和末尾一句(首二末句)是個(gè)辦法;但有些段落一共就3、4句話，每個(gè)句子特別復(fù)雜且包含很多細(xì)節(jié)，最萬無一失的法子還是看段落中每個(gè)句子的主干而弱化、去掉細(xì)節(jié)修飾的從句成分，把注意力放在句與句之間的聯(lián)系、段中各句共同想表達(dá)的主題信息上。
Which paragraph contains the following information這種題的難度比較高，問題目的幾句話分別包含在全文的哪一段里。大多數(shù)情況下，段落的數(shù)量大于等于題目的數(shù)量，少數(shù)特別有性格的甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)“文章一共九段、問題只有四句”這種比例懸殊的情況。解這種題要看時(shí)間充分與否來選擇不同策略。如果實(shí)在時(shí)間有限句子復(fù)雜難以看懂，可以嘗試集中尋找題干里的關(guān)鍵詞是否在各段中原詞重現(xiàn)或同義替換，但這是下策;如果每段文章都比較長(zhǎng)，則優(yōu)先看每段的“首二末”三句，尋找是否包含題干信息，這是中策;如果能夠做到每句主旨都大致看得懂，則是能解出所有問題來的上策。
熟練的雅思閱讀技巧
“閱讀技巧”大大不同于“解題技巧”。后者主要針對(duì)應(yīng)試，乃是如何在臨場(chǎng)時(shí)盡可能地發(fā)揮出自身的最大能力、爭(zhēng)取考試效果最優(yōu)化，可以類比為各路武功中的招式;而前者則是應(yīng)對(duì)生活、學(xué)習(xí)中各種閱讀材料的能力，不僅在考試中大大有用，更有助于雅思考生在通過雅思考試之后學(xué)習(xí)心儀專業(yè)、為今后的人生打好知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)，相當(dāng)于內(nèi)功。即使同樣的招式，不同內(nèi)力修為的人使出來也是完全不同的威力效果。眾多雅思考生之所以在考場(chǎng)上面臨“蹺蹺板”的兩難尷尬，究其根本原因，其實(shí)就是這一項(xiàng)練得較少、反應(yīng)速度不夠，結(jié)果自然是讀速與正確率難以兩全。而如何提高反應(yīng)速度?則可細(xì)分為以下方面：
方面一：?jiǎn)卧~量不夠/單詞反應(yīng)速度慢
同樣對(duì)一個(gè)單詞，有人要5秒后才能反應(yīng)過來是什么意思，有人要10秒之后才能確認(rèn)實(shí)在不認(rèn)識(shí)，你3秒內(nèi)就認(rèn)出意思來了，速度必然提升，這叫單詞眼熟。
解決之道：“備”單詞。請(qǐng)注意，“備”在此處不是“背”的手誤，對(duì)待單詞不能只是抱定“死磕”的決心、死記硬背就可以了的，而是通過結(jié)合例句和文章來熟悉單詞的意義和用法，讓自己在單詞量上做好更充分的準(zhǔn)備。許多同學(xué)背單詞的習(xí)慣是：“face-臉、face-臉”地單曲循環(huán)，試圖依靠機(jī)械重復(fù)來記牢一大堆詞。這樣做效果往往不好：記不住、易記混、記住了也不會(huì)用。請(qǐng)牢記：背單詞不如看例句;看例句不如讀課文。讀哪些課文呢?劍橋真題的閱讀文章就非常理想。這些文章和文后的問題絕不會(huì)再一模一樣地出現(xiàn)在以后的雅思考場(chǎng)上了，但其中所用的單詞絕對(duì)會(huì)反復(fù)地一考再考。能將劍橋系列閱讀文章中的非生僻詞都補(bǔ)充“備”好了的雅思考生，雅思閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)絕對(duì)不會(huì)低。
方面二：“短語/固定搭配”量不夠/反應(yīng)速度慢
同樣對(duì)一個(gè)短語，你一下就看出來了in terms of是“在…方面”、“就…而言”的意思;有人一個(gè)一個(gè)詞看，in認(rèn)識(shí)，terms認(rèn)識(shí)，of也認(rèn)識(shí)，但合在一起就是不認(rèn)識(shí);還有人壓根兒只認(rèn)識(shí)term作為“學(xué)期”而不知道在此應(yīng)該是什么意思。這幾者之間的閱讀速度絕對(duì)會(huì)有特大差異，這叫對(duì)短語和固定搭配熟。
解決之道：短語和固定搭配說白了就是幾個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的組合，準(zhǔn)備單詞的方法同樣適用于準(zhǔn)備它們：背單詞不如看例句;看例句不如讀課文。
方面三：有意識(shí)地分析每個(gè)句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)
同樣對(duì)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，第一次見它，可能得滿頭大汗地分析，主謂賓在哪里，加了個(gè)定語從句修飾誰，還有個(gè)狀語從句修飾誰，一個(gè)句子也許需要用5分鐘甚至10分鐘去看它。但是，這樣分析了以后，留下的印象也一定會(huì)是深刻的。試問這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，再看見一次一定就有印象了吧?見過十次以后就挺眼熟的了吧?看過一百次以上就根本不需要調(diào)動(dòng)腦力去反應(yīng)了吧?這叫對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句熟。
解決之道：精讀分析長(zhǎng)難句。英語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單：主謂賓和主系表。主謂賓是“誰-干-什么”，比如“羊吃草”。“潔白可愛的小綿羊蹦蹦跳跳歡快活潑地在一望無垠的廣闊草原上幸福愉快地吃著鮮嫩碧綠的青草”一樣也是主謂賓，只不過修飾成分多了些、顯得啰嗦了些而已。主系表是“誰-是-什么”，復(fù)雜版本參考同上。要很快地理解這樣的句子，我們就要學(xué)會(huì)迅速地抓出句子的主干—也就是“羊--吃--草”的部分，至于其它的修飾部分可以先忽略弱化。
在“主”、“謂”、“賓”這三個(gè)部分之中，相對(duì)來說最容易找準(zhǔn)的是謂語的部分。確定謂語以后，前面的部分無論多長(zhǎng)，都只會(huì)是主語的部分，可以是一個(gè)帶著若干形容詞的名詞，或者是帶著一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)定語從句的名詞，甚或是兩者兼具同時(shí)還有從句套從句的形式;而謂語本身的修飾成分去掉了以后, 后面的內(nèi)容無論多長(zhǎng)，也就只剩下賓語或者其它補(bǔ)充說明的部分了。如果主干顯示本句子中包含了解題信息的話，此時(shí)再去細(xì)細(xì)查看題目要問的細(xì)節(jié)信息也不遲。這樣的抓主干技巧一旦熟練，要有充分的時(shí)間通讀三篇文章、保證不遺漏任何信息地做題，也不是什么不可完成的任務(wù)了。特別是對(duì)于那些原本語言功底就不錯(cuò)、希望能以閱讀這一項(xiàng)的得分再提高一下總成績(jī)的同學(xué)來說，這是真正的終極技巧，要達(dá)到保8沖9也是很有希望的。
方面四：思維方式?jīng)]有轉(zhuǎn)換，每看一句都想翻譯成中文。
這樣一來，在原本設(shè)定的看一遍文章的時(shí)間里，雅思考生需要用英文、中文看兩遍，時(shí)間怎么會(huì)夠用?
如何改變這樣的習(xí)慣、進(jìn)行思維轉(zhuǎn)換?歸根結(jié)底其實(shí)還是一個(gè)“熟”字。請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)想：如果現(xiàn)在有人問你What is your name?你還會(huì)像當(dāng)年初學(xué)時(shí)那樣、把這個(gè)句子拆成What — is — your — name這樣的方式去理解么?恐怕你會(huì)想也不想地脫口而出My name is … 。何以如此?因?yàn)槟憬佑|、使用的遍數(shù)夠多，已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常地形成了spontaneous response(“不假思索的反應(yīng)”)，無需進(jìn)行兩種語言的轉(zhuǎn)換了。只不過閱讀文章中的長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，不是能夠這么輕而易舉地適應(yīng)罷了。
解決之道：凡事都有個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的自然規(guī)律。前面所說的第三條練到一定的階段了，思維自然也就能在熟悉的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行自動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)換了。我們的大腦是很靈巧的，會(huì)自主尋找最省能量、最有效率的認(rèn)知方式(關(guān)于這點(diǎn)，可以在劍九“一位神經(jīng)學(xué)家揭示如何進(jìn)行與眾不同的思考”的閱讀文章里找到進(jìn)一步的論證)，我們要做的，就是持續(xù)為它提供food for thoughts，讓它保持在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，積累一段時(shí)間以后，效果自現(xiàn)。
方面五：注意英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣與中文差異，一次多意
很多時(shí)候不是你的單詞書騙了你，而是單詞書自身篇幅有限、實(shí)在無力將所有的用法都羅列出來給你看。所謂culture shock“文化沖突”，很多時(shí)候原因也正在于此。
試舉兩個(gè)例子說明之：
例子一：fair是什么意思?一個(gè)美國(guó)總公司派了位CEO去其日本子公司擔(dān)任總裁，美國(guó)CEO上任初始向日本員工們宣講：“大家要好好干!I will be fair with you.”一個(gè)財(cái)年很快結(jié)束，日本員工在年終拿到獎(jiǎng)金的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)人到手的具體金額都不一樣，于是大家十分不開心，感到老板欺騙了自己。fair翻譯為“公平”絕不能說是有錯(cuò)，然而亞洲語境下的“公平”更多指的是“平均分配”而美國(guó)人其實(shí)想說的是：你付出多少勞動(dòng)、為公司贏得多少利潤(rùn)，我就會(huì)據(jù)此來給你發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金，保證“公正公平”。
例子二：“too”是“太”么?中文里“太好了!”的意思是比好還要更好些;而英語里“too good”則是“too good to be true”的縮略形式，表示“過猶不及”或“不至于如此好吧?”的懷疑看法。二者有很大區(qū)別。
不過，“Try to think in English”，說起來何其容易，做起來哪有那么輕松?需要經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期細(xì)致的積累，才能慢慢把看英語總是“THEY”的思維轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤癢E”的思維習(xí)慣。所幸，雅思備考其實(shí)只是提供了一個(gè)指導(dǎo)性的開頭，考到了理想的成績(jī)、去到了英語環(huán)境學(xué)習(xí)，還有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的過程，足以讓有此志向的孩兒們細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)、緩緩進(jìn)步、越來越好。
最后總結(jié)一句。熟練掌握雅思閱讀的技巧的根本還是熟能生巧。話雖然土但是非常有用。我們要求考鴨們?nèi)ゾx雅思閱讀文章，就是通過閱讀和分析，去更好的理解雅思閱讀的出題思路，只有在做到良好的閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上再去提高閱讀速度，齊頭并進(jìn)，雅思閱讀高分指手可待。
雅思考試閱讀模擬試題
weapon to fight cancer
1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way
to fight cancer， which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the
common cold.
2. If successful， virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar
alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer，
while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
3. Leonard Seymour， a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University， who
has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US， will
lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was
excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.
4. One of the country's leading geneticists， Prof Seymour has been working
with viruses that kill cancer cells directly， while avoiding harm to healthy
tissue. "In principle， you've got something which could be many times more
effective than regular chemotherapy，" he said.
5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the
body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that， the immune system
wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour， viruses find them a very
good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You
can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."
6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They
replicate， you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they
infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process，" said Prof Seymour.
7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours
resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they
may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours， which could be quite
different to anything we've had before."
8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells
and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals.
American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but
this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread
throughout the body.
9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's
immune system， effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do
- spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle
has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream
without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.
10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a
polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it，" he said.
11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour， it replicates， but the
copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour，
the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune
system.
13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials：
adenovirus， which normally causes a cold-like illness， and vaccinia， which
causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety
reasons， both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial， but
Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be
delivered locally to liver tumours， in order to establish whether the treatment
is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of
trials will be needed， eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses， before the
therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be
examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments，
Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.(665
words)
Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given
in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement
contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the
passage
1.Virus therapy， if successful， has an advantage in eliminating
side-effects.
2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour‘s work on the
virus therapy.
3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
4.Cancer‘s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in
a tumor and replicate.
5.To infect the cancer cells， a good deal of viruses should be injected
into the tumor.
6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to
treat drug-resistant tumors.
Question 7-9
Based on the reading passage， choose the appropriate letter from A-D for
each answer.
7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be
found(A) on TV(B) in magazines(C) on internet(D) in newspapers
8.To treat tumors spreading out in body， researchers try to(A) change the
body‘ immune system(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.(C) increase
the amount of injection(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates， the copies(A) will
soon escape from the tumor and spread out.(B) will be wiped out by the body‘s
immune system.(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.(D) will
eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Questions 10-13
Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words.
You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them
all.
In the first clinical trials， scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and
vaccinia， so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11……。These
uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on
human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be
……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
List of Words dosage responding smallpox virus disable natural ones inject
directed treatment cold-like illness kill patients examined
Answers Keys：
1.答案：FALSE (見第2段：If successful， virus therapy could eventually form a third
pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against
cancer， while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy
只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)
2.答案：TRUE (見第3段，特別是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was
excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )
4. 答案：TRUE (見第5段第3、4句： 這里“cancer‘s Achilles' heel”指 “If you can get a virus
into a tumour， viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no
immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles' heel的意思是“致命弱點(diǎn)”)
5. 答案：FALSE (見第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the
cancer.)
6. 答案：TRUE (見第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work
well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……， which could be quite
different to anything we've had before." )
7. 答案：B (見第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can
kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in
scientific journals. Journal意思是“日?qǐng)?bào)、期刊、雜志”)
8. 答案：D (見第9段第1句：Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus
from the body's immune system， …… “mask”的意思是“掩蓋、隱蔽、偽裝”， 在這里和 “disguise”同義。)
9. 答案：B (見第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour， the copies will be
quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system…… “mop up”這里與 “wipe
out” 同義，意思是“消滅、殲滅”。)
10.答案：disable (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons， both will be disabled to make
them less pathogenic in the trial， but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to
use natural viruses. )
11. 答案：natural ones (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons， both will be disabled to
make them less pathogenic in the trial， but Prof Seymour said he eventually
hopes to use natural viruses. )
12. 答案：dosage (見第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and
vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours， in order to establish
whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be
needed.)
13. 答案：directed (見第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first
for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments， …)
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