托福聽力做筆記技巧訓(xùn)練方法講解

托福聽力如何鍛煉提升做筆記能力?常用方法和注意事項匯總講解,今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃θ绾五憻捥嵘龉P記能力,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力如何鍛煉提升做筆記能力?常用方法和注意事項匯總講解

托福聽力做筆記技巧訓(xùn)練方法講解

1. 訓(xùn)練托福聽力做筆記技巧的第一步是聽寫，也叫聽抄。具體來說，也就是在聽素材的時候?qū)⒋笠庥浵?。?qiáng)調(diào)一下，一開始只要記大意即可。大家可以先從一句一句慢慢來，等后面熟練了再開始逐漸增多聽寫內(nèi)容。做完后對照文本看看有什么缺漏，或者按照大意將內(nèi)容復(fù)述一下還可以順便練習(xí)托?？谡Z。聽寫的材料有很多，比如Scientific American 60 Second Science，各種托福聽力的輔導(dǎo)教材和聽力練習(xí)資料等等都是不錯的選擇。

2. 在做練習(xí)的時候，考生對于自己所做的筆記不是記完或做完題目就算的，要有一個效果反饋的過程。在對完答案后，大家要針對自己不確定的答案和沒有記錄的得分點(diǎn)信息參照原文找出相關(guān)內(nèi)容。通過對照自己的筆記，考生可以找出自己沒有聽出來的信息點(diǎn)并分析具體原因：是沒有注意到提示詞?還是由于著急寫了前面沒用的東西而漏記了有用的?這一點(diǎn)在做帶有原文的聽力素材的時候最方便了，因為可以參照原文找出所有得分信息。這樣練習(xí)多了，考生聽信息點(diǎn)的敏感度自然就會提升很多。

3. 針對聽寫時單詞拼寫速度過慢的問題。小編建議浪費(fèi)寶貴的時間在紙上的同學(xué)去做另一項聽抄練習(xí)?，F(xiàn)在市面上的托福單詞書大都附有CD，大家可以試著在背單詞的同時聽著單詞的音頻，然后跟著它讀的速度把單詞寫下來，保證盡量拼寫正確。這樣記單詞和練習(xí)寫英文的速度一舉兩得。當(dāng)然，有很多同學(xué)在平時背單詞的時候就習(xí)慣不斷在紙上邊寫邊背，這一定程度上也可以加快寫字的速度。

托福聽力筆記技巧練習(xí)注意問題

1. 不是聽寫下許多許多內(nèi)容就可以捉到得分點(diǎn)。有很多人都經(jīng)歷過記了一大堆東西后，發(fā)現(xiàn)還是做不對題目，因為得分點(diǎn)的信息往往在記其他無用的東西時被忽略了。這就是把握信息點(diǎn)的問題。關(guān)鍵的問題還是提高記筆記的效能，而不是效率。提高的方法前面已經(jīng)說過了。一位考生成功練好托福聽力做筆記技巧的標(biāo)志就是到最后記的越來越少，但是正確率越來越高。

2. 不要一聽到聽力素材中開始講話就趕緊去記錄。ETS沒有那么笨，每題都是先提示important，for example，然后在說答案。有時是先說一大堆沒什么用的開場白廢話，然后再轉(zhuǎn)正題，有些時候是先說了內(nèi)容，再來個This is...，提示得分點(diǎn)。所以聽的時候要注意內(nèi)容和主題的密切度，當(dāng)內(nèi)容不確定有沒有用的時候先記錄下部分關(guān)鍵詞，并且大腦要有個大致的印象它講了什么，實在不夠時間等后來再補(bǔ)上。

3. 做筆記重點(diǎn)在于自己能看懂而不是卷面是否工整。大家做筆記的時候只要能確保自己看得懂找得到細(xì)節(jié)就足夠了，完全可以按自己的思路來做記號和寫單詞，不完整不正確一點(diǎn)關(guān)系都沒有。托福聽力考試的時間非常寶貴，在不影響自己閱讀理解的前提下還請盡量提升記筆記的效率，把更多時間留著去聽之后的的內(nèi)容才是真正高效的做法。

4. 謹(jǐn)慎地查看和使用記錄的筆記，特別是只寫下只言片語的地方。記住，就算你記對了，也不代表你能選對答案。聽力大忌之一是看到選項有與原文相同的字眼就選那個。有人說托福聽力迷惑性大，小編認(rèn)為這是因為選項往往是原文的同義改寫，即paraphasing，要真正理解了才能選對。所以在查看筆記的時候也需要結(jié)合理解來解題。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：地衣含有三種以上成分

Lichens. They're probably the most common example of two organisms living in a symbiotic relationship. There's a fungus and a photosynthesizing partner, like algae. It's a bond that was born, as they say, when "Alice Algae," took a "lichen" to "Freddie Fungus."

But that simple description covered up a larger mystery: how could two different lichen species combine the same building blocks—same fungus, same algae—"and yet they look very different, have very different chemistry, and some of them even have distinctly different ecology."

Toby Spribille, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Montana, and the University of Graz in Austria.

He and his colleagues studied two lichen species that fit that bill. Same underlying parts, different color and chemistry. They ground the lichens up, and then analyzed their RNA. What they expected to find was two genomes: one fungus, one alga. "And what we found is that, at the end of a lot of analysis, we had was three genomes, not two.And this was really surprising."

The third genome was from a type of yeast. And the more yeast was present, the more yellowish—and more toxic—the lichen was. The study appears in the journal Science.

But how could scientists spend so many years studying these lichens—and still miss this crucial third species? Spribille says it could have been the type of genetic sequencing. Previous studies relied on DNA barcodes, which only sample some of the genome, to identify the underlying fungus and alga. Sort of like identifying the occupants of a completely dark room by shouting out a few names and seeing who answers.

What Spribille did, instead, was just turn all the lights on, with whole genome sequencing, revealing the identity of all occupants, and in doing so, "we eliminated anything that required going in and calling out somebody's name so to speak."

As for whether some lichens might have four, five species? "I certainly wouldn't rule it out at this point." Because this study indicates lichens are truly more than the sum of their parts. Including, of course, the parts we still don't know about.

地衣可能是兩種生物以共生關(guān)系存在的最常見例子。地衣由1種真菌和1種光合生物(如藻類)組成。這種聯(lián)系是固有的，就像他們說的，“愛麗絲藻類”和“弗雷迪真菌”共生形成地衣。

但是這種簡單的描述掩蓋了一個更深奧的秘密：兩種不同的地衣物種如何結(jié)合同樣的成分——即同樣的真菌和同樣的藻類，“而且，它們看上去非常不同，它們的化學(xué)成分也不同，有些地衣甚至有著明顯不同的生態(tài)。””

托比·斯普利比爾是蒙大拿大學(xué)和奧地利格拉茨大學(xué)的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家。

他和同事對符合上述條件的兩種地衣進(jìn)行了研究。這兩種地衣的基本成分相同，但顏色和化學(xué)成分不同。他們將地衣磨碎，然后分析了它們的核糖核酸。他們原以為會發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個基因組：一個是真菌，另一個是藻類?！暗詈螅谶M(jìn)行大量分析以后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的是三個基因組，而不是兩個。這真是太讓人驚訝了?！?/p>

第三個基因組來自于一種酵母。酵母的含量越多，地衣顏色越黃，毒性也越強(qiáng)。這項研究發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上。

但是，科學(xué)家們怎么會在研究地衣多年后仍未發(fā)現(xiàn)這至關(guān)重要的第三物種?斯普利比爾表示，可能是由于基因測序的方法不一樣。此前的研究依賴于DNA條形碼，只是對這一基因組中的一部分進(jìn)行抽樣調(diào)查，用以確認(rèn)潛在的真菌和藻類。這就好像在一間完全黑暗的房間里，通過喊出幾個名字，看看誰作出回答，來確定居住者身份。

而斯普利比爾的做法是，打開房間內(nèi)所有的燈，通過全基因組測序來揭示所有居住者的身份，并且通過這種方法，“可以說，我們不需要進(jìn)入房間喊出某人的名字?！?/p>

至于是否有地衣含有第四或第五種成分?“現(xiàn)在我不能完全排除這一可能性。”因為這項研究表明，地衣不僅僅是各部分的單純相加。還包括我們目前尚不知道的成分。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. cover up 隱藏，遮掩(事實);

例句：He suspects there's a conspiracy to cover up the crime.

他懷疑有人密謀掩蓋犯罪事實。

2. grind up 磨碎;碾碎;將…磨成粉;

例句：We grind up the wheat to make flour.

我們把小麥磨成面粉。

3. rely on 依賴;依靠;

例句：We must rely on ourselves, no other option.

我們必須依靠自己,沒有其他選擇.

4. shout out 大聲說出;大聲喊出;

例句：When I call your name, shout out so that we know you're here.

當(dāng)我叫到你的名字時請大聲響應(yīng), 以便大家知道你來了。

5. turn on 打開(設(shè)備);接通(…的供應(yīng));

例句：I want to turn on the television.

我想開電視。

6. so to speak 可以說;可謂;

例句：But for young people it presents an opportunity to follow the sun, so to speak.

但對年輕人來說，卻可以說是追尋生活樂趣的良機(jī)。

7. rule out 排除;不予考慮;

例句：I think we can rule out the possibility of objection to us.

我認(rèn)為我們可以排除有人反對我們的可能性。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：選民不會背競選演講所影響

Donald Trump hasn't been running the most traditional campaign. And it's not just the unfiltered tweets. "He's neglecting campaigning full stop." Thomas Wood, an assistant professor of political science at Ohio State. "He's had about half as many public events as his opponent."

Wood's own campaign experience was with the Romney/Ryan ticket back in 2012. Every night, the campaign surveyed thousands of voters... 64,000 over all... asking them how they felt about the politicians, after a local visit. That is, if the voters actually knew about the visit.

"Instead of seeing candidate X visiting somewhere in Pensacola they're now seeing candidate X visit somewhere in their local market. And it's not really filtering through to that many folks that the visit was there—you know one event sort of looks like the other. They all sort of blend into each other. It's hard to make it clear to the person who's just watching the evening news that this was a visit in your local marketplace."

In other words, visits didn't even register for most locals or those in adjacent markets. And the voters' opinions of the candidates went up just a measly couple percent after local visits—before fading back to baseline a few days later. So despite the huge investment of time and money, the local campaign stops were pretty worthless—at least from a numbers standpoint. The findings are in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

As for this election season—any advice for the noncampaigning candidate? "I would provide advice that has nothing to do with his frequency of visits. I'd be providing advice as to how one comports oneself with the national press, try to earn some goodwill. I guess just being polite. I would say that Trump's sort of lethargic process of campaigning is probably the least of his worries." Better, he says, to just spend more time fundraising. To throw more cash at things that really work: like get-out-the-vote campaigns, and ads. Then again…Twitter's free.

唐納德·特朗普沒有用最傳統(tǒng)的競選方法組織競選活動。這并不是僅指他未經(jīng)過濾的推文?！八耆鲆暳诉@是總統(tǒng)競選演講?！蓖旭R斯·伍德是俄亥俄州立大學(xué)政治學(xué)的助理教授?！疤乩势盏墓不顒又挥衅鋵κ值囊话搿！?/p>

伍德曾在2012年跟隨羅姆尼和瑞安的競選團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行競選活動。當(dāng)時，競選團(tuán)隊每天晚上都要調(diào)查數(shù)千名選民，調(diào)查人數(shù)可能高達(dá)6.4萬人，在政治家走訪當(dāng)?shù)睾笤儐栠x民對他們的看法。前提是選民知道當(dāng)?shù)氐母傔x活動。

“某位候選人沒有前往彭薩科拉的某個地方，而是去到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌觥υS多人來說，去哪里訪問都一樣，因為競選活動看起來差不多。這些活動會互相融合。對正在看晚間新聞的人來說，很難弄清楚新聞里的人正在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌鲞M(jìn)行訪問?！?/p>

換言之，對大多數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)厝嘶蚴桥R近市場的大多數(shù)居民來說，這些訪問并沒有記錄。在當(dāng)?shù)卦L問結(jié)束后，選民對候選人的意見只會帶來可憐的幾個百分點(diǎn)的上漲，而幾天后支持率又會退回到基準(zhǔn)線。所以，盡管投入了大量的資金和時間，地方競選活動其實并沒有什么價值——至少從數(shù)據(jù)來看可以這么說。該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《美國政治和社會科學(xué)學(xué)院年報》上。

就今年的競選季來說，對沒有進(jìn)行競選活動的候選人有什么建議?“我提供的建議可能與他們的競選頻率沒有任何關(guān)系。我的建議是：候選人若想讓自己的形象同國家新聞報道的相一致，那就努力去獲得信譽(yù)。我認(rèn)為候選人要有禮貌。我想說，特朗普有些昏沉的競選過程可能是他最不擔(dān)心的?！彼f，最好將更多時間花費(fèi)在籌集資金上。將錢用到真正有用的地方：比如動員投票活動、廣告等。當(dāng)然還有免費(fèi)的推特。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. instead of 代替…;而不是…;

例句：He should have shot instead of passing.

他本該射門，不該傳球。

2. blend into 融入;與…融為一體;與…協(xié)調(diào);

例句：I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion.

我試圖融入人群中,但很明顯我的穿著不適合這種場合。

3. in other words 換言之;換句話說;也就是說;

例句：In other words, the quality of the candidates was the decisive factor.

換言之，人才是最后的決定因素。

4. as for 至于…;

例句：As for his moral character, he is also praiseworthy.

至于他的品德，也是值得稱贊的。