托福聽力對(duì)話conversation常見12類出題點(diǎn)歸納分享
比起聽不懂,記不住可能是托??忌诿鎸?duì)托福聽力時(shí)更為常見的出錯(cuò)原因。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽力對(duì)話conversation常見12類出題點(diǎn)歸納分享 ,希望能夠給幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
【高分基礎(chǔ)】托福聽力對(duì)話conversation常見12類出題點(diǎn)歸納分享
托福聽力對(duì)話類conversation12個(gè)出題點(diǎn)匯總
1. 開頭提到的原因必考,結(jié)尾提到的建議必考。必須記筆記,知道問(wèn)題發(fā)生的原因和最后的解決方案是什么。
2. 開頭提到的本次主題必考。即是到底要去解決什么問(wèn)題!通常坐落于原因現(xiàn)狀提出之后。
3. 重復(fù)兩次的地方必考。也就是同一個(gè)問(wèn)題討論兩次的點(diǎn)。
4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,多引出分論點(diǎn),是考點(diǎn)。It is that……; This is the first time……; One thing important is that……等等。
5. 針對(duì)上下文明顯的肯定或者否定的回答,通常用副詞做表態(tài):exactly; absolutely;definitely; It’s a good question等等,這些表達(dá)后面跟的內(nèi)容都是必考的。
6. 對(duì)話段子中主論點(diǎn)伴隨有定義或者舉例的部分,必考(通??寂鋵?duì)表格題)。
7. 難點(diǎn)的解釋說(shuō)明部分,也就是同位語(yǔ)表達(dá),必考,通常是提出一個(gè)新的概念(核心概念)。
8. 對(duì)話段子中引用的之前或者其他觀點(diǎn)必考。比如:It was commonly accepted that…… 這些以前的觀點(diǎn)也是很重要的,用以反照出現(xiàn)在的狀況。
9. 形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)后面的點(diǎn)非常重要。
10. 一定注意教授跑題的內(nèi)容,這是話題的轉(zhuǎn)移,如突然轉(zhuǎn)到布置作業(yè)等。這些都是非常重要的第二部分內(nèi)容筆記。
11. 教授對(duì)學(xué)生的警告或建議必考。
12. 一定注意教授的點(diǎn)評(píng)。一般考態(tài)度題。
聽力雙選題怎么破?
那么,對(duì)于雙選題,同學(xué)們究竟該怎么破呢?
從TPO中的雙選題出題思路來(lái)看,雙選題的答案還是可以總結(jié)出一定規(guī)律的,同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}的過(guò)程中也要多總結(jié),多思考,在聽力的過(guò)程中進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位,對(duì)于出題點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)判并在筆記中進(jìn)行記錄標(biāo)記,還是可以很容易解決雙選題的。
雙選題出題思路:并列結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g.TPO13-L1-Q3
教授在講解建造步行街所要考慮的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素:位置和設(shè)計(jì)
然后在講解位置的時(shí)候又引出了選擇位置時(shí)所要考慮的兩點(diǎn)因素:接近潛在客戶群和接近公共交通
文中首先出現(xiàn)了這樣的信號(hào)詞:two considerations,之后便緊接著出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu):proximity to potential customersand accessibility to public transportation
當(dāng)我們?cè)诠P記中把customer 和 transportation兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞都記錄到的話
再來(lái)看題目
What are two aspects of location that need to be considered when planning a pedestrian mall?Click on 2 answers
A. The proximity to the customer base
B. The number of nearby tourist sites
C. The variety of restaurants in the area
D. The access to public transportation
很容易的就會(huì)在選項(xiàng)A & D中找到我們需要的關(guān)鍵信息
參考原文:
Well, there are two critical factors to consider when creating a pedestrian mall - location and design, both of which are equally important. Now let's start with the location. In choosing a specific location for a pedestrian mall, there are in fact two considerations: proximity to potential customers, um...that's what we would call a customer base, and accessibility to public transportation, which we will get to in just a moment.
我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)例子
e.g. TPO15-L1-Q2
文章開始部分提到了一個(gè)叫做CFQ的問(wèn)卷,用于調(diào)查人們?cè)诓煌闆r下被干擾的頻率問(wèn)題;而當(dāng)學(xué)生提及自己忘記存電腦文件并非是并干擾而就是單純忘記之后,老師提出了”And that's part of the problem with the CFQ.”
并指出問(wèn)題是 “It doesn't take other factors into account enough, like forgetfulness.”之后老師又引出了第二個(gè)問(wèn)題 “Plus, you really can't say you are getting objective scientific results from a subjective questionnaire where people report on themselves.”
從這段文本中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些并列結(jié)構(gòu)的線索——part of the problem,潛在的含義就是problem不止一個(gè)部分,至少還有另外一個(gè)部分,之后的plus也正式了這一點(diǎn)。
這里的part of 就和其他TPO中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的one of差不多,one of隱含的其實(shí)也是一個(gè)包含兩點(diǎn)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
通過(guò)上面的文本,我們鎖定了筆記關(guān)鍵詞
1.×other factor
2. subj
來(lái)看題目
According to the professor, what are two weaknesses of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire?Click on 2 answers
A.It relies on subjective reporting.
B.It assesses a limited number of situations.
C.It does not assess visual distractions
D.It does not account for factors other than distractibility.
根據(jù)筆記,鎖定答案A/D
由上述兩個(gè)例子可以看出,同學(xué)們?cè)诼犖恼聲r(shí)應(yīng)有意識(shí)的去把握文中的一些并列成分,如并列的原因,結(jié)果,例子,建議,問(wèn)答等等,并注意一些常用來(lái)連接并列事物的詞,如最簡(jiǎn)單的序數(shù)詞first, second, third,再如其他并列詞:one (of), part of, plus, next, also, another, the other, besides, in addition, etc.
當(dāng)然,需要指出的是,有些雙選題的答案可能會(huì)在文章前后出現(xiàn),或者聽不出文中明顯的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。這種題目的難度比在文章直接出現(xiàn)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)更加難于定位。
e.g. TPO19-L2-Q5
這是一篇比較難的天文學(xué)文章,文章后面提到radio wave的時(shí)候老師提到了它的一個(gè)problem,用了one problem,
“One problem is that radio waves from these far away objects, even though they can get through, are extremely faint.”
很顯然,按照我們前面講過(guò)的one problem可能后面接下來(lái)是會(huì)再出現(xiàn)第二個(gè)problem
然而,這篇文章后面并沒(méi)有緊接著立馬出現(xiàn)說(shuō)the second problem或者another problem
而是在講了蠻多內(nèi)容之后,通過(guò)師生互動(dòng)提問(wèn)的方式引出了第二個(gè)problem
“Female Student
Well, if the radio waves are so good at getting through the universe, what's the problem?
Professor
Well, answer this, how come people have to turn off their cell phones and all our electronic devices when an airplane is about to take off?
Male Student
The phones interfere with the radio communication at the airport, right?
Female Student
Oh, so our radio waves here, on Earth interfere with the waves from space?
Professor
Yes, signal from radios, cell phones, TV stations, remote controls, you name it, all these things cause interference.”
希望通過(guò)上面的一點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單分析,能夠幫助大家在做雙選題目的時(shí)候提供一些思路和幫助。
托福聽力應(yīng)該如何記筆記
一、筆記適合哪類同學(xué)
針對(duì)托福聽力先聽文章后做題的形式,以及時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的講座占比較大的特點(diǎn),一般比較建議有一定聽力基礎(chǔ)并且希望沖刺高分的同學(xué)在聽托福聽力的時(shí)候要適當(dāng)?shù)挠浌P記,尤其是講座部分。當(dāng)然,聽力一定還是以聽為主,筆記為輔,并不是什么都要記下來(lái),當(dāng)然在考場(chǎng)里這也是不切實(shí)際的?;A(chǔ)相對(duì)薄弱的同學(xué)還需要通過(guò)聽抄或者跟讀等等練習(xí)方式提高了聽力基礎(chǔ)之后,再進(jìn)行筆記練習(xí)。
二、為什么記筆記
總體來(lái)說(shuō),托福聽力題目相對(duì)比較獨(dú)立,每個(gè)對(duì)話和講座的出題點(diǎn)也具有一定的規(guī)律性,預(yù)測(cè)并記下關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們提高做題的正確率。另外,對(duì)于時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的講座,很多時(shí)候同學(xué)聽了后面的內(nèi)容會(huì)忘記前面的一些信息,尤其是在做多選細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候,如果筆記記得比較好,可以幫助我們回憶并作對(duì)很多題目。
三、怎么記筆記
形式上,就對(duì)話部分而言,一般可以把考場(chǎng)上發(fā)的A4紙豎著對(duì)折,然后沿著折線左右兩邊分別豎著記下學(xué)生和教授或者學(xué)生和工作人員對(duì)話的相應(yīng)內(nèi)容,講座部分每個(gè)人的處理情況會(huì)不一樣,一般比較建議豎著記下筆記內(nèi)容就可以了,有同學(xué)會(huì)比較喜歡康奈爾筆記法,如果習(xí)慣了這種筆記法也是可以使用的,不過(guò)筆者認(rèn)為這種筆記法更適用于閱讀文章做筆記或者聽講座之后有較多時(shí)間分析總結(jié)的情況下使用,而托福聽力考試時(shí)間還是相對(duì)比較緊湊的,沒(méi)有很多的時(shí)間在筆記上做更多的總結(jié)。
應(yīng)記錄:核心內(nèi)容
1、記關(guān)鍵詞
關(guān)鍵詞就是指聽力中心內(nèi)容有著密切關(guān)系的詞匯和短語(yǔ),說(shuō)白了就是看到這個(gè)詞你就知道這里講的是什么內(nèi)容。一般情況下,包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)量詞等在內(nèi)的實(shí)詞是我們筆記的重點(diǎn),而包括冠詞、介詞等在內(nèi)的虛詞則無(wú)須記下。
關(guān)于怎么記實(shí)詞,不得不提的就是縮寫,一般情況下單詞是無(wú)需完整拼寫的,一是為了節(jié)省時(shí)間,二是只要看的懂縮寫也可以很好的起到提示作用,通常情況下兩到四個(gè)首字母就可以代表這個(gè)單詞。除了縮寫之外,如果單詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的中文筆畫更少,也可以作為原單詞的代替。
2、注意邏輯關(guān)系
邏輯詞是文章前后內(nèi)容聯(lián)系起來(lái)的重要筋絡(luò),聽力考試中很多邏輯關(guān)系也是考試的重點(diǎn),常見的邏輯關(guān)系比如Classification、Comparison and contrast、Cause and effect、Definition、Example、Problem and solution等等,這些都是必考的考點(diǎn)。
關(guān)于邏輯關(guān)系,可以用很多符號(hào)來(lái)進(jìn)行表示,比如數(shù)學(xué)上三個(gè)點(diǎn)表示因果,就可以使用在聽力筆記里,或者使用箭頭來(lái)表示因果關(guān)系。符號(hào)除了表示邏輯關(guān)系以外,很多單詞或者意思也可以用符號(hào)來(lái)表示,比如向上或者向下的箭頭表示趨勢(shì)的提高或者降低,大于號(hào)或者小于號(hào)表示對(duì)比時(shí)程度的多少等等。在練習(xí)過(guò)程中,同學(xué)們可以完善自己的筆記符號(hào)體系。
下面我們用TPO41第一篇環(huán)境科學(xué)講座的段落舉個(gè)例子。這篇文章主要講的是沙漠里的不同種類的植物適應(yīng)氣候變化的方式。我們先看一下原文的一個(gè)段落
So first of, there are succulent plants. There are many species of succulent plants, but they all can absorb and store a lot of water. Obviously, the opportunity to get water in desert are few and far between. Generally, rains are light and short. So the rain doesn’t seep too far down into the soil. And there is limited window of time for any plants to get the water before it evaporates, but succulent plants have spread-out and shallow root systems that can quickly pull water from the top inch of soil, though the soil has to be saturated, since succulent aren’t good at absorbing water from the soil that only a little moist. Succulent plants are also well suited to retaining water, important in environment where raining days are rare. Succulent plants can store water in their leaves, in their stems or in their the roots, And to keep their moisture to evaporate in that hot desert sun, most succulent plants have waxy outer layer that makes them almost waterproof where their stomata are closed. They also preserve water by minimizing their surface area. The more of the plants is out in the sun, the more potential there is to lose stored up water, and that means most succulent has few if any leaves.
這段講的是succulent plant自身應(yīng)對(duì)惡劣環(huán)境所擁有的自我保護(hù)方式。
這一段筆記也是比較清晰的,大致如下
1.S plant :store 多水
rain ?seep ↓
a、shallow root
b、retain 水:leaf...waxy layer
c、min. surface :few leaves
看著文章做筆記總結(jié)自然是更容易的,我們?cè)诼牭臅r(shí)候如何才能比較準(zhǔn)確的記錄關(guān)鍵信息呢?這就涉及到信號(hào)詞的問(wèn)題,上段標(biāo)紅的字都是比較重要的信號(hào)詞,所謂信號(hào)詞實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)提示詞,告訴你這里的信息比較重要,應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)做筆記。上文就有表示分類的,有表示轉(zhuǎn)折的,還有解釋以及表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的信號(hào)詞,這些信號(hào)詞也是我們課上會(huì)總結(jié)給大家,課下需要同學(xué)們有意識(shí)的注意的內(nèi)容。
面對(duì)這么多的特點(diǎn),以及后面還有兩種植物的多種特點(diǎn),如果我們筆記里記下了相應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容做起多選題也就比較輕松了(當(dāng)然做題方法不唯一,筆記只是其中一種)
What are two features of succulent plants that help them survive in deserts? Click on 2 answers.
A. Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.
B. Succulent plants become dormant until the next rainfall.
C.Succulent plants have short stems.
D. Succulent plants have few leaves.
根據(jù)筆記內(nèi)容很容易可以選出AD正確選項(xiàng)來(lái)。