翻譯資格口譯的分類和特點(diǎn)
翻譯資格口譯的分類和特點(diǎn)
翻譯資格口譯有哪些分類和特點(diǎn)?你都了解了嗎？今天小編給大家?guī)砹朔g資格口譯的分類和特點(diǎn)，希望可以幫助到同學(xué)們。下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
翻譯資格口譯的分類和特點(diǎn)
口譯(又稱傳譯)是一種翻譯活動(dòng)，顧名思義，是指譯員以口語的方式，將譯入語轉(zhuǎn)換為譯出語的方式，做口語翻譯，也就是在講者仍在說話時(shí)，同聲傳譯員便“同時(shí)”進(jìn)行翻譯。從事口譯的人很多，但是做的好的比較少，今天小編就為大家整理了口譯的分類和特點(diǎn)，希望能夠?qū)Υ蠹业膶W(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
1.視譯(sight interpretation)
視譯是指譯員拿著講話人的講稿，一邊聽發(fā)言、一邊看原稿、同時(shí)進(jìn)行口譯。內(nèi)容一般是事先準(zhǔn)備好的講稿或文件。這種口譯通常保密性較高，譯員事先不知道內(nèi)容，往往只有在譯前幾分鐘才能拿到譯稿?？谧g前可以用很短的時(shí)間對(duì)原文通讀一遍，了解發(fā)言的主要內(nèi)容，并對(duì)相關(guān)語言點(diǎn)和專業(yè)難點(diǎn)做譯前準(zhǔn)備。另外，在口譯時(shí)一定要跟說話人同步，尤其要注意說話人在講話過程中插入的稿子中沒有的內(nèi)容。
2.接續(xù)口譯(consecutive interpretation)
這是一種為演講者以句子或段落為單位傳遞信息的單向口譯方式。接續(xù)口譯用于多種場合，如演講、祝詞、授課、商務(wù)會(huì)議、新聞發(fā)布會(huì)等。演講者需要完整地表達(dá)信息，所以往往連貫發(fā)言，停頓較少。這種口譯要求譯員一段一段地翻譯，在講話人的自然停頓間隙，將信息一組接一組地傳達(dá)給聽眾。譯員在接到這種口譯任務(wù)時(shí)，事先跟講話人溝通，有利于口譯的順利完成。
3.交替口譯(alternating interpretation)
交替口譯即譯員同時(shí)以兩種語言為操不同語言的交際雙方進(jìn)行輪回交替口譯。這種口譯應(yīng)用場合非常廣，比較常見的出現(xiàn)在商務(wù)談判、商務(wù)會(huì)議和宴會(huì)上，有一定的難度。
4.耳語口譯(whispering interpretation)
也稱咬耳朵翻譯。耳語口譯就是將一方的講話內(nèi)容用耳語方式輕輕傳譯給另一方。這種口譯一般在外賓觀看文藝演出，或者是沒有語音設(shè)備的會(huì)議上采用，聽眾往往是個(gè)人，而不是群體，對(duì)象往往是外賓、國家元首或高級(jí)官員。譯員需要把會(huì)議上聽到的話，或者文藝演出中的場景等小聲地譯給身邊的一兩個(gè)人聽。耳語翻譯一般需要譯員對(duì)原講話有高度的壓縮與概括，而且聲音不能太大，以免影響到附近的人。
5.同聲傳譯(simultaneous interpretation)
這是口譯中最難的，也是境界最高的一種。譯員在不打斷講話者演講情況下，幾乎是同步的不停頓地將其講話內(nèi)容傳譯給聽眾。同聲傳譯要求譯員在講話人開始說話5秒鐘后必須要開始翻譯，并且?guī)缀跏菦]有停頓的。由于其難度比較大，不確定因素比較多，因此要做充分的準(zhǔn)備，并且對(duì)于一些細(xì)節(jié)問題一定要注意。
2020年翻譯資格考試初級(jí)口譯習(xí)題
歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，亞洲各國和則利、斗則損。
As history shows, harmony benefits all Asian countries while confrontation hurts all.
亞洲崛起來之不易，聯(lián)合自強(qiáng)才是滄桑正道。
The rise of Asia has not come easily and unity remains the best wayto build a stronger Asia.
今天，亞洲已成為全球地緣政治格局中的穩(wěn)定上升板塊，也是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的高地。
Today, Asia is a rising region in the global geopolitical landscape, and is also leading world economic growth.
2016年是中國“十三五”規(guī)劃的開局之年，也是中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”的開局之年。
2016 is the opening year of China’s 13th Five Year Plan. It is also the opening year of the “Golden Era” of China-UK relations.
當(dāng)前，多極化、全球化、信息化深入發(fā)展，各國利益交融、休戚與共。
In this increasingly multi-polar, globalized and digitized world, countries are more interdependent in their interests than ever before.
總之，我對(duì)2016年的中國發(fā)展充滿信心，對(duì)2016年的中英經(jīng)貿(mào)合作充滿期待。
All in all, I am full of confidence in China’s development in 2016 and I am full of expectations for the China-UK business cooperation in the year ahead.
亞洲國家不愿戰(zhàn)亂、動(dòng)蕩和相互敵視的歷史重演，希望在和平穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境中一心一意謀發(fā)展。
Asian countries loathe to see a repeat of war, turmoil and mutual hostility, and are eager to focus on development in a peaceful and stable environment.
亞洲多樣性決定了區(qū)域合作和一體化建設(shè)不能照搬其他地區(qū)的模式。
Due to its diversity, Asia cannot copy the model of others in seeking regional integration.
長期以來，亞洲各合作機(jī)制孜孜學(xué)習(xí)他山之石，同其他地區(qū)合作機(jī)制交流互鑒。
Over the years, Asian cooperation frameworks have looked to,engaged with and learned from those in other regions.
在看到區(qū)域合作百舸爭流、方興未艾的同時(shí)，我們也要清醒地看到面臨的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。
While encouraged by fast progress, we should stay cool-headed at the difficulties and challenges.
中國有句古話，百尺竿頭更進(jìn)一步
As a Chinese saying goes, “Even with great success one shouldalways try to do better”.
區(qū)域合作是完善地區(qū)治理，助力亞洲崛起的重要手段。
Regional Cooperation is an important means to improve regional governance and fuel the rise of Asia.
中國自25年前成為東盟對(duì)話伙伴以來，廣泛深入地參與地區(qū)合作。
Since becoming a dialogue partner with ASEAN 25 years ago, China has seen its participation in regional cooperation grow both in breadth and depth.
2020年翻譯資格考試初級(jí)口譯習(xí)題
性別平等與婦女發(fā)展是人類追求公平、正義與平等的永恒主題，是社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步的衡量尺度，是人類實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要目標(biāo)。
Gender equality and women’s development is a lasting theme of mankind’s pursuit of equality and justice, a scale for measuring social progress and an important goal in realizing sustainable development in our world.
中國婦女占世界婦女人口的五分之一。中國性別平等與婦女發(fā)展既體現(xiàn)了中國的文明進(jìn)步，也是對(duì)全球平等、發(fā)展與和平的歷史貢獻(xiàn)。
Chinese women make up one fifth of the world’s total female population. Gender equality and women’s development in China not only give expression to China’s own progress, but also constitute a historical contribution made to global equality, development and peace.
過去20年，伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展，中國性別平等與婦女發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的成就。
It is obvious to all that, in tandem with rapid economic and social development, great progress has been achieved in the promotion of gender equality and women’s development in China over the past two decades.
【In tandem with 】
In tandem with open markets and open trade, the United States led in the promotion of democracy.
美國同時(shí)引領(lǐng)了推動(dòng)民主的努力，與開放市場和開放貿(mào)易齊頭并進(jìn)。
同時(shí)，中國也清醒認(rèn)識(shí)到，作為世界上人口最多的發(fā)展中大國，受經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平和歷史文化等因素影響，中國的婦女發(fā)展還面臨諸多新情況新問題，推進(jìn)性別平等的任務(wù)仍然繁重而艱巨。
At the same time, China is highly aware that, as a developing country with the world’s largest population, and restricted by its limited level of economic and social development, it will continue tobe confronted with new situations and problems in its efforts to promote women’s development. There is still a long way to go to achieve gender equality in China, and arduous tasks remain to be tackled.
中國積極促進(jìn)教育公平，調(diào)整教育結(jié)構(gòu)，堅(jiān)持貫徹性別平等原則，努力保障男女平等接受教育的權(quán)利和機(jī)會(huì)。
China actively promotes equality in education, adjusting the structure of education, adhering to the principle of gender equality, and working hard to guarantee equal rights and opportunities for both men and women to access education.
第六次全國人口普查顯示，2010年6歲以上人口中女性平均受教育年限達(dá)到8.4年，比10年前提高了1.3年，與男性的差距比10年前縮小0.2年。
The Sixth National Census showed that the average years of schooling for women over the age of six were 8.4 years in 2010, 1.3 years more than in 2000, and the gender gap had narrowed by 0.2 year as compared with 2000.
中國已基本形成以婦幼保健機(jī)構(gòu)為核心，以基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)，以大中型醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)和相關(guān)科研教學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)為技術(shù)支撐，覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的婦幼保健服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
A network of maternal and child health services covering both urban and rural areas has taken shape in China, with maternity and child care institutions as the core, community-level health care institutionsas the foundation, and large or medium-sized medical institutions and relevant research and teaching institutions as the support.
婦女在社會(huì)文化培育、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和家庭建設(shè)中的獨(dú)特作用日益凸顯。
Women are playing an increasingly prominent unique role in the fostering of social culture, protection of the ecological environment and family management.
在協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局的歷史進(jìn)程中，中國將繼續(xù)貫徹男女平等基本國策，不斷健全經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、行政和輿論等政策措施，依法有效保障婦女合法權(quán)益，推動(dòng)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展事業(yè)取得更大成就。
In its efforts to advance the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, China will continue implementing the basic national policy of equality between men and women, constantly improve policies and measures in the fields of economy, law, administration and public opinion, safeguard women’s rights and interests in accordance with the law, and work to achieve greater success in the cause of gender equality and women’s development.
中國愿與其他國家一道，大力支持社會(huì)各界在促進(jìn)性別平等與婦女發(fā)展中發(fā)揮積極作用，深化和拓展國際交流與合作，為全球平等、發(fā)展與和平作出新的貢獻(xiàn)。
China is willing to work with other countries to encourage all social sectors to contribute to the promotion of gender equality and women’s development, to strengthen and expand international exchanges and cooperation, and to contribute further to promoting worldwide equality, development and peace.
中國積極履行性別平等與婦女發(fā)展的國際公約和文書，廣泛開展婦女領(lǐng)域多邊、雙邊的交流合作，加強(qiáng)與各國婦女組織的友好交往，注重對(duì)發(fā)展中國家婦女提供技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和物資援助，在推動(dòng)全球性別平等與婦女發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用。
China actively implements international conventions and documentsconcerning gender equality and women’s development, takes part in international bilateral and multilateral women’s exchanges and cooperation, strengthens friendly exchanges with women organizations all over the world, and focuses on providing technical training and material assistance to women in developing countries,thus playing an important role in promoting gender equality and women’s development around the globe.
生態(tài)文明是人類文明發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物，是反映人與自然和諧程度的新型文明形態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了人類文明發(fā)展理念的重大進(jìn)步。
An ecological civilization emerges when human society reaches a certain stage of development. As a new mode of civilization that reflects a level of harmony betweenhumans and nature, ecological civilization represents a major conceptual advance for the development of human civilization.
建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，不是要放棄工業(yè)文明，回到原始的生產(chǎn)生活方式，而是要以資源環(huán)境承載能力為基礎(chǔ)，以自然規(guī)律為準(zhǔn)則，以可持續(xù)發(fā)展、人與自然和諧為目標(biāo)，建設(shè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明社會(huì)。
Building an ecological civilization does not mean that we must abandon industrial civilization and return to a primitive way of living. Rather, it means building a civilized society with developed production, affluent standards of living, and sound ecological environments in accordance with the goals of realizing sustainable development and achieving a state of balance between humans and nature. Therefore, this is a society in which human activities are based on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, and in which human development is governed by the objective laws of nature.
推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)是堅(jiān)持以人為本的基本要求。堅(jiān)持以人為本，首先要保障好人民群眾的身心健康。
Promoting ecological progress is a basic requirement of putting people first. In maintaining a commitment to putting people first, the first thing we must do is to guarantee the mental and physical wellbeing of the people.
人民群眾過去“求溫飽”，現(xiàn)在“盼環(huán)保”，希望生活的環(huán)境優(yōu)美宜居，能喝上干凈的水、呼吸上清新的空氣、吃上安全放心的食品。
In the past, the public were concerned with having adequate shelter, warm clothes, and enough to eat; now, they have a greater demand for environmental protection. Specifically, they long for agreeable living environments, clean water, fresh air, and safe food that they can trust.
民之所望，施政所向。
The job of the government is to orient its policies towards the wishes of the people.
我們必須下大氣力解決突出的環(huán)境問題，不斷改善人民群眾生產(chǎn)生活條件，以實(shí)際效果取信于民。
Therefore, we must devote major efforts to resolving prominent environmental issues,work constantly to improve the working and living conditions of the people, and continue towin the people’s trust by delivering solid results in our environmental initiatives.
我國是海洋大國，保護(hù)海洋、經(jīng)略海洋不僅涉及我國發(fā)展空間，也涉及國家戰(zhàn)略安全。
China is a major maritime nation. For this reason, the protection and management of ocean environments has a bearing not only on China’s development, but also on its national security.
當(dāng)前，大氣、水和土壤等突出的污染問題已經(jīng)到了不治不行、刻不容緩的地步，必須重點(diǎn)突出、重拳出擊、重典治污、力求實(shí)效。
We have come to the stage where urgent action must be taken without delay to address the serious problems of air, water, and soil pollution in China. In responding to these problems, we need to identify clear priorities, adopt striking measures, lay an emphasis onthe rectification of pollution, and strive to attain solid results.
我國不僅存在資源型缺水、工程型缺水，而且污染型缺水也較嚴(yán)重。
China’s water shortages are not only a result of insufficient resources and inadequate water conservancy facilities, but are also due to the effects of pollution.
生態(tài)文明建設(shè)需要全社會(huì)共同努力，良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境也為全社會(huì)所共享。
The establishment of an ecological civilization will call for widespread efforts from society as a whole, and all members of society stand to benefit from sound ecological environments.
2020年翻譯資格考試初級(jí)口譯習(xí)題
漢譯英
“一帶一路”建設(shè)既是遠(yuǎn)期的美好愿景，又是近期的實(shí)在福利。
The Belt and Road Initiative offers both a long-term vision and real benefits in the near future.
一些西方人質(zhì)疑“一帶一路”建設(shè)，認(rèn)為它缺乏清晰的內(nèi)涵、路線圖，只寫意、不寫實(shí)。這種理解顯然是片面的。
Some Westerners believe the Initiative is nothing more than a concept, lacking a clear roadmap. However, such an interpretation isone-sided.
當(dāng)然也要看到，“一帶一路”建設(shè)的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想是實(shí)現(xiàn)共贏，但并非沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。恰恰是因?yàn)榇嬖陲L(fēng)險(xiǎn)，才更需要共商、共建、共享。
Of course, potential risks during the construction must be acknowledged. And it is because of those risks that the construction is being done through joint consultation, joint construction and sharing.
科學(xué)把握“一帶一路”建設(shè)中的機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
The opportunities and risks that come with the Initiative must beviewed objectively.
“一帶一路”不搞勢力范圍，而是推動(dòng)大家一起加入朋友圈，編織互利共贏的合作伙伴網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
The Belt and Road Initiative is not meant to establish a sphere of influence, but to weave a partnership network.
在沿線各國、各地區(qū)努力下，“一帶一路”建設(shè)將蓬勃發(fā)展的亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)圈與歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)圈連接起來，將激發(fā)巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力和市場需求，打造世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新引擎。
With joint efforts between different countries and regions along theroute, and by aligning the booming Asian economic sphere with the European one, the Belt and Road Initiative will stimulate huge market demand, acting as an engine for global economic development.
從長期看，“一帶一路”建設(shè)著眼于促進(jìn)21世紀(jì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，踐行開放包容理念，開創(chuàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化廣闊前景。
In the long run, the Initiative will advance world economic development. It will put into practice the idea of openness and inclusiveness, and will pioneer economic globalization.
泰山(Mount Tai)，世界文化與自然雙重遺產(chǎn) ，世界地質(zhì)公園，全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)，國家5A級(jí)旅游景區(qū)。
Mount Tai is a World Cultural and Natural Heritage site, World Geopark, Key Cultural Site under State Protection, National Key Tourist Attraction, and a AAAAA Tourist Attraction.
泰山位于山東省泰安市中部。主峰玉皇頂海拔1545米，氣勢雄偉磅礴，有“五岳之首”、“天下第一山”的之稱。
Located in the central region of Tai’an City, Shandong Province, Mount Tai is reputed to be the “First of the Five Famous Mountains” and the “First Mountain in the World”. Its main peak, the Peak of the Heavenly Emperor, is located at an altitude of 1,545m.
黃山被譽(yù)為“震旦國中第一奇山”，位于中國安徽省南部黃山市境內(nèi)。
Hailed as “the most astonishing mountain in China”, Mount Huangshan is located in Huangshan City in the south of Anhui Province.
南北長約40公里，東西寬約30公里，山脈面積1200平方公里，核心景區(qū)面積約160.6平方公里，主體以花崗巖構(gòu)成，最高處蓮花峰，海拔1864米。
It covers an area of 1,200km2 (core scenic area of about 160.6km2), about 40km in length from south to north and 30km in width from east to west. It is mainly formed bygranite and has an altitude of 1,864m at the Lotus Peak.
九寨溝風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)位于四川省阿壩藏族羌族自治州南坪縣境內(nèi)，距離成都市400多公里，是一條縱深40余公里的山溝谷地，因周圍有9個(gè)藏族村寨而得名，總面積約620平方公里，大約有52%的面積被茂密的原始森林所覆蓋。成為中國唯一擁有“世界自然遺產(chǎn)”和“世界生物圈保護(hù)區(qū)”兩頂桂冠的圣地。
①Located in Nanping County of Aba Tibetan & Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, the Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area is a valley with the depth of more than 40km, over 400km away from Chengdu.
② It has become well-known for the nine surrounding Tibetan villages that cover about 620km2.
③ About 52% of the area is covered with thick, virgin forest.
④ The Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area has become the only holy land to enjoy both “World Natural Heritage” and “World Biosphere Reserve” status in China.
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