高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致練習(xí)專題和語(yǔ)法記憶口訣
高中階段的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)在現(xiàn)行的教材中分布得較分散、零碎，學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)頗感吃力，難以記牢。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的途徑很多，但教學(xué)中常用的主要有如下二種：一是通過(guò)教師的講解，對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)，用法有個(gè)確切的了解;二是通過(guò)大量的練習(xí)，在英語(yǔ)實(shí)踐中正確、熟練地掌握語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的用法。下面給大家分享一些相關(guān)的學(xué)習(xí)心得，供大家參考。
高中英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)記憶口訣
仔細(xì)惦量這兩種方法，其實(shí)都強(qiáng)調(diào)了同一個(gè)極其重要的東西，即是“記憶”。記憶的方式、方法很多，諸如分類記憶法，直觀形象記憶法、奇持聯(lián)想記憶法，特征記憶法等等。這里，筆者主要從詞法與句法兩大塊對(duì)巧記英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法作些闡述。
一、詞法
(一)巧記名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則：
單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)式，一般詞尾加-s;
下列句詞詞尾后，要加-s先加-e。
發(fā)音[f] 、[ t ]、[s]和[z]，或是某些輔音加-o時(shí)。
有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，詞尾變化要注意。
y前字母是輔音，一律變y為-ies.
遇到f和fe，有時(shí)需要變-ves.
少數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則，特殊情況要強(qiáng)記。
說(shuō)明：
1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在詞尾加-s.
eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens，…
2.詞尾發(fā)音為[f ， t s， z]的名詞(即以字母sh， ch， s， x結(jié)尾者)在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，要在詞尾加-es，eg: watch-watches， box-boxes， bus-buses，etc
3.若詞尾字母o的前面是輔音字母，變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，有些加-es，eg: hero-heroes， Negro-Negroes， patato-patatoes， tomato-tomatoes.這四個(gè)詞可組成一句話來(lái)記憶：Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes(英雄和黑人吃馬鈴薯和西紅柿。簡(jiǎn)為二人吃二菜。)
但有些以o結(jié)尾的名詞則加-s，eg: photo – photoes， piano –pianos等。
4.若詞尾字母y前加的是輔音字母時(shí)，變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，首先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es， eg: family – families， city- cities， baby – babies等，但若詞尾y前為元音字母時(shí)，則可直接加-s， eg: day-days， boy-boys等。
5.以f和fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，首先將f和fe變?yōu)関， 再加-es，我們也可用一句話來(lái)記，“狼(wolf)和小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)威脅書架(shelf)上的半片(half)葉子(leaf)的生命(life)。另外記住一些常見(jiàn)特殊詞，eg: roof—roofs.
6. 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化是不規(guī)則的，eg: man-men， woman-women， child-children， chinese- chinese， sheep-sheep等，平時(shí)多留心，稍微加以歸納，是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其的特征的。
(二)定冠詞
冠詞是NMET試題中出現(xiàn)較頻繁的詞性，近五年復(fù)出率高達(dá)83.3%。因而掌握冠詞，尤其是定冠詞的用法也尤其必要。
請(qǐng)看下面的順口溜，它可以幫助我們記憶定冠詞的一些用法：
特指、重提和唯一，島嶼，海峽和海灣;
海洋，黨派最高級(jí)，沙漠，河流與群山;
方位、順序和樂(lè)器，年代，團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān);
船名，建筑和組織，會(huì)議，條約與報(bào)刊;
姓氏復(fù)數(shù)，國(guó)全名，請(qǐng)你記住用定冠。
下面讓我們?cè)賮?lái)“驗(yàn)證”這順口溜吧。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察下面各句中定冠詞的用法，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它的“功效”與“真?zhèn)巍绷恕?/p>
1. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.
2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8:00
3. The sun gives us heat and light.
4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.
5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.
6. Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?
7. She’s on the People’s Daily.
8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.
9. Who was the first to come?
10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.
11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990’s
12. In 1864， Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time.
(三)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式三種。這是高考中的熱點(diǎn)，其考查量多、面廣，幾乎是必考的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。近六年高考復(fù)現(xiàn)率達(dá)百分之百?？v觀試題，其考查重點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的作用及功能相同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的區(qū)別。學(xué)生對(duì)此知識(shí)也“知之半解”，深感頭疼。請(qǐng)看下面的方法，將有助于記住不定式及動(dòng)名詞。
1、動(dòng)詞的不定式
①不定式有標(biāo)記，to與動(dòng)詞連一起。
?、跊](méi)有人稱數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備。
?、壑髻e定狀表補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，唯獨(dú)作謂不可以。
?、躰ot 加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。
⑤疑問(wèn)詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有意義。
?、拮屑?xì)推敲多思考，準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。
解析：①“to+動(dòng)詞原形”是它的基本構(gòu)成形式，即不定式的標(biāo)記。
②它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不管主語(yǔ)是任何人稱，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞不定式都沒(méi)有變化。但它仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。
?、鬯哂忻~、形容詞和副詞三大特點(diǎn)，所以，它在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)。
④“not +動(dòng)詞不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影響，要記住規(guī)律。
?、菀蓡?wèn)代詞what， who， whom， which和疑問(wèn)副詞where， when， why ， how加上不定式在句中可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。
⑥通過(guò)以上分析，只要仔細(xì)研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在應(yīng)用時(shí)就能作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。
2、動(dòng)名詞：
哪些動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞，下面的順口溜有助于記憶。
喜歡、考慮不可免(enjoy， consider， escape， avoid)
停止，放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(stop， give up ， risk)
反對(duì)想象莫推延(mine， imagine， delay， put off)
要求完成是期望(require， finish， look forward to.)
建議繼續(xù)勤*練(suggest， go on， practise)
不禁原諒要堅(jiān)持(can’t help， excuse ， insist on)
繼續(xù)注意使成功(keep on， mind， succeed in)
(四)多個(gè)形容詞并開(kāi)修飾一個(gè)名詞的問(wèn)題
有兩三個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，與被修飾名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞。若有多個(gè)形容詞修飾，可用下面這句話來(lái)判斷、排列它們的順序：縣官行令殺國(guó)材。
其意思是：縣(限)代表限定詞，包括冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞，所有格，數(shù)字等。
官(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞，eg: fine beautiful interesting等。
行(形)代表表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀的形容詞：eg: small tall， high， little， round等。
令代表表示年齡、新舊的形容詞：eg: old， young等。
殺色(近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞：eg: white， black等。
國(guó)代表國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞：eg: Englsih， American， moun tain等。
材代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞，eg: wooden， silk， plastic， stone等。
請(qǐng)看下面的例子： a fine old stone bridge;
two big round new Chinese wooden tables;
his large new black foreign car.
(五)序數(shù)詞中的特殊詞：
記憶序數(shù)詞中的特殊詞時(shí)，可用順口溜來(lái)記：
八去t，九減e， f來(lái)把ve替，若是遇上幾十幾，ie就把y來(lái)替。
即：eighth， ninth， fifth， twelfth， twentieth， thirtieth…
(六)一些動(dòng)詞
1. lie 的變化
記憶lie 的變化時(shí)，可用順口溜來(lái)幫助記憶：
規(guī)則的說(shuō)謊，不規(guī)則的躺，躺過(guò)就下蛋，下蛋不規(guī)則。
即：lie—lied—lied—lying(說(shuō)謊)
lie—lay—lain—lying(躺，位于)
lay—laid—laid—laying(產(chǎn)卵，下蛋)
2.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞：
記憶此項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞，可歸納于“五三二一”，即：
“五看”—see， watch， notice， observe， look at;
“二使”—let， make， have;
“三聽(tīng)”—hear， listen to;
“一覺(jué)”—feel.
3.“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”的5個(gè)常用詞：
我認(rèn)為(think)猜想(suppose)與想象(imagine)都不可相信(believe)，我期待(expect)等著你的回答。eg: I don’t think he’ll come tomorrow.
4.“同源賓語(yǔ)”的七個(gè)常用詞
微筆(smile)著生話(live)歌唱(sing)著戰(zhàn)斗(fight)死(die)也像睡覺(jué)(sleep)做夢(mèng)(dream)一樣甜蜜。
eg: Now we’re living a happy life and often dream good dreams.
5.巧記常用于“主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有生命勝似有”之類句子謂語(yǔ)的七個(gè)動(dòng)詞：
如果看見(jiàn)(see)或發(fā)現(xiàn)(discover) Turn(音譯：特恩)，一定要找到(find)他，并帶(bring)他到這兒給(give)大伙展示(show)一下。
eg: Tomorrow’ll see the opening of the meeting.
Dusk found a little boy crying in the street.
高二英語(yǔ)主謂一致語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題
1.The old ____well looked after by the government in China.
A. is B. are C. has been D. was
2.The secretary and manager ____very busy now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3.Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting.
A. has B. have C. are D. was
4.Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party.
A. was B. were C. have been D. had been
5.Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class.
A. am B. is C. are D. will
6.Most of his spare time ____spent in reading.
A. are B. were C. was D. have been
7.This is one of the best novels that ____appeared this year.
A.have been B. has C. had been D. have
8.Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum.
A. are B. is C. were D. have
9.About 20 percent of the work ____done yesterday.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
10.Mr Smith， together with his children， ____arrived.
A.are B. has C. is D. have
11.It ____I who _____leaving for London.
A.is…is B. am…is C. is…am D. am…am
12.Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television.
A. are B. were C. be D. is
13.When and where to build the new factory ____yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
14.Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest ______.
A. are difficult
B. has proved difficult
C. is supposed difficult
D. have been found difficult
15.That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
16.Half of his goods ____ stolen the other day.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
17.Mathematics ____the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be
18.Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary.
A. have B. has C. there is D. there are
19.They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief.
A. have B. has C. there is D. there are
20.Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building.
A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are
21.This pair of shoes ____made in Nanjing.
A.is B. are C. have been D. had been
22.No one except my parents _____anything about it.
A.know B. knows
C. is knowing D. have known
23.A number of students _____from the south.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
24.The number of students from the north ____small.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
25.Writing stories and articles _____what I enjoy most，
A.is B. are C. was D. were
26.His“Selected Poems” _____first published in 1965.
A. were B. was C. has been D. are
27.Miss Smith is a friend of ______.
A. Mary‘s mother’s B. Mary‘s mother
C. Mother’s of Mary D. Mary mother‘s
28.A good deal of money ____spent on books.
A.have B. has
C.have been D. has been
29.On the wall _____ two large portraits.
A.hangs B. hang C. hanged D.hanging
30. _____turn green in spring.
A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves
31.Father went to his doctor for ____about his heart trouble.
A.an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
32.All but one ____here just now.
A.is B. was C. has been D. were
33. The number of people invited _____fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
A. were;was B. was; was
C. was;were D. were; were
34.The air in big cities _____very dirty by factories.
A. are often made B. is often made
C. have often made D. has often made
35.Nobody ____to smoke in the cinema.
A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed
36.The Chinese people _____hard-working and brave.
A. are B. is C. has been D. are being
37.____can be done _____been done.
A. All; have B. All that; have
C. All; has D. All that; has
38.John has two brothers， but either ____out of work now.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
39.The police ____the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for
C. are searching for D. were searching
40.Apples of this kind ____.
A. tastes good B. tastes well
C. taste good D. taste well
41.Your trousers ____dirty， you must have _____washed.
A. is; it B. are; it C. are; them D. is; them
42.Where ____rubbish， there are flies.
A. there are B. there is C. is D. there has
43.The Olympic Games ____held every ____years.
A. is; four B. are; four C. is; five D. are; five
44.Many a man _____ come to help us.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
45.He is the only one of the students who _____elected.
A. are B. have C. has D. is
46.Three-fourths of the homework _____today.
A. has finished B. has been finished
C. have finished D. have been finished
47.Those who ____ in ____compositions， please hand them in this afternoon.
A. hasn‘t handed; his B. haven’t handed; their
C.has handed; their D. have handed; his
48.Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____by their teacher.
A. are praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising
49.The whole class _____the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to
C. are listening D. is listening
50.The United States of America _____one of the most developed countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
高二主謂一致練習(xí)題-英語(yǔ)(答案)
1-5 BABAA 6-10 CDBDB 11-15 CDABA
16-20 BCBAB 21-25 ABABA 26-30 BADBD
31-35 BDCBC 36-40 ADBBC 41-45 CBBBD
46-50 BBAAA