托福聽力講座內(nèi)容太復(fù)雜聽不懂怎么辦

托福聽力講座內(nèi)容太復(fù)雜聽不懂?不如先從聽明白邏輯開始，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈Ｂ犃χv座內(nèi)容太復(fù)雜聽不懂，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力講座內(nèi)容太復(fù)雜聽不懂?不如先從聽明白邏輯開始

托福聽力聽不懂情況簡(jiǎn)介

有沒有同學(xué)是這樣一個(gè)情況：“聽不到重點(diǎn)在哪，7秒魚的記憶，聽后忘前，抓不住文章。”

很多同學(xué)在備考的中后段，發(fā)現(xiàn)你聽完一整篇聽力之后還是記不住，就是邏輯不足，導(dǎo)致大腦的處理速度和能力不夠，比如處理前面的信息時(shí)就自然就忽略掉了后面的信息。

增強(qiáng)邏輯理解有助聽懂聽力講座

而增強(qiáng)邏輯就是解決上述問題的關(guān)鍵。ETS的要求就是聽懂主要結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)的考察是大要點(diǎn)，不是小細(xì)節(jié)。到了23分的同學(xué)在聽寫的同時(shí)要開始注意區(qū)分文章的主次內(nèi)容。我們的大腦總是對(duì)于一些專有名詞、人名地名有非常強(qiáng)的鎖定能力，這是人腦自帶的能力，這能力強(qiáng)到讓你忽略文章主次。大部分同學(xué)都會(huì)被專有名詞的類似信息干擾，導(dǎo)致主次信息區(qū)分不清，聽懂了文章做錯(cuò)了題。

聽懂了錯(cuò)的多，聽不懂反而對(duì)的多。這是因?yàn)槟懵牰亩际切〖?xì)節(jié)，不是主要結(jié)構(gòu)。簡(jiǎn)單來說就是文章意思沒懂，否則真懂了就真會(huì)做題。你拿這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)詞匯去做題，那就會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)錯(cuò)誤。所以聽什么選什么經(jīng)常會(huì)錯(cuò)。如果這個(gè)詞正好是段落主題，可以選擇，如果不是，那就得找上層信息。

托福聽力講座內(nèi)容常見邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)分析

A: b, c, d這種邏輯要懂。A 是一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，是一個(gè)意群的核心意思，后面會(huì)跟小細(xì)節(jié)解釋。b, c, d可能就是解釋性的詞匯。一定要聽懂A。聽懂b, c, d這幾句話解釋的意思，也能理解這段的要點(diǎn)。

段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)候是A: b, c, d->A，就是總分總。有時(shí)候是A: b, c, d就是總分。有時(shí)候b, c, d->A. 分總。有時(shí)候只有b, c, d幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，你自己需要綜合信息，知道這段講的是這個(gè)幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)結(jié)合起來的意思。

聽懂邏輯就能技術(shù)性猜題

要多思考，多分析，才能提高，才能學(xué)會(huì)“技術(shù)性猜題”。想要完全掌握文章的主要信息，就需要同學(xué)們對(duì)于文章出題重點(diǎn)做到全面把握，我們知道，一篇文章是不可能涵蓋所有聽力出題點(diǎn)的，這需要同學(xué)大量主動(dòng)地練習(xí)多篇文章，才能訓(xùn)練好這種能力。

比如，以句子為單位，借以輔助語法和句型總結(jié)，逐句分析文章核心內(nèi)容，剔除重復(fù)且不重要的信息。這個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)“重要內(nèi)容”的過程也許不簡(jiǎn)單。需要反復(fù)引導(dǎo)和練習(xí)。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：光子芯片增加智能手機(jī)加密力度

Today's cars have loads of computer smarts built in. Like the chips that allow you, with the push of a button to unlock your car. And as new cars move down the assembly line, automakers program those functions into the car.

"They produce one car and they program a cryptographic secret in it, in order to secure it against thieves." Timo Kasper, a cryptographer and engineer at the security and IT consulting company Kasper & Oswald. "Then comes the next car on the production line and they put the same secrets into the second car. And then comes the third car on the production line and they again put the same secrets into this car. And they repeat this process for millions of cars in the world. And now millions of cars in the world share the same cryptographic secret. Of course, this secret is not so well protected anymore, because it's in every of these million cars, and in every remote control. And this is of course a typical example of how to not do it."

And yet, he says that's exactly how the Volkswagen Group did do it, for many cars manufactured in the last 20 years. Kasper and his colleagues decoded that shared cryptographic secret by studying the design and operation of chips from VW Group cars and remotes. After hacking the hardware, they were easily able to eavesdrop on and decrypt unlocking signals, clone the remote control and unlock cars. They presented the details August 12th at the USENIX Security Symposium, in Austin, Texas.

Kasper says VW is aware of the problem—and they're not alone. "This is not a VW bug but this is a red line, as we Germans say, through all the automotive industry." In fact, in the same study, they showed that another encryption system used by many other brands, including Ford, Chevy, Nissan and Mitsubishi, has a weak cryptographic algorithm—which, again, allowed the team to break into more than a dozen cars.

Bottom line? It's easier to hack into cars than many drivers might have imagined. So if you want to avoid eavesdropping, the researchers recommend simply ditching remote controls and cryptography, and just go back to the good old metal key.

現(xiàn)在的汽車配備了大量電腦智能系統(tǒng)。比如芯片，讓你可以一按按鈕就打開車門。新車從裝配線下線時(shí)，汽車制作商就已經(jīng)將這些功能編入汽車。

“汽車制造商每生產(chǎn)一輛汽車，就會(huì)在車內(nèi)編寫一個(gè)加密程序，目的是確保汽車可以防盜。”蒂莫·卡斯珀是卡斯珀和奧斯瓦爾德安全信息咨詢公司的密碼學(xué)家兼工程師?！叭缓笤谏a(chǎn)下一輛車時(shí)，他們會(huì)在這輛車上裝上同樣的密碼系統(tǒng)。在生產(chǎn)第三輛車時(shí)，他們會(huì)再次裝上同樣的密碼系統(tǒng)。他們?cè)谌驍?shù)百萬輛車上重復(fù)這一過程。現(xiàn)在全世界有數(shù)百萬輛汽車擁有同樣的加密程序。當(dāng)然，這個(gè)密碼系統(tǒng)不再受到較好的保護(hù)，因?yàn)樵谶@數(shù)百萬輛車中，每輛車、每個(gè)遙控裝置中都有這一密碼系統(tǒng)。這當(dāng)然是個(gè)應(yīng)該避免的典型的例子?！?/p>

他表示，大眾汽車就在對(duì)過去20年間生產(chǎn)的汽車上進(jìn)行了上述操作?？ㄋ圭旰屯聜兺ㄟ^研究大眾汽車和其遙控裝置的芯片，解碼了車輛共享的密碼系統(tǒng)。在入侵硬件之后，他們很容易能夠竊聽和解密釋放信號(hào)，克隆遙控裝置解鎖汽車。8月12日，他們?cè)诘每怂_斯州奧斯汀舉行的USENIX安全研討會(huì)上公布了具體的信息。

卡斯珀表示。大眾公司已經(jīng)意識(shí)到了這個(gè)問題——意識(shí)到問題的不僅僅是大眾公司?！斑@不是大眾的漏洞，就如我們德國(guó)人描述的那樣，這是整個(gè)汽車行業(yè)的紅線。實(shí)際上，在同一個(gè)研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)福特、雪弗蘭、尼桑、三菱等其他品牌使用的加密算法也有紕漏，這使研究團(tuán)隊(duì)再一次成功解鎖了10多輛汽車。

底線?入侵解鎖汽車比許多司機(jī)想的更容易。如果你想避免被竊聽的話，研究人員建議，只要不使用遙控和加密裝置，重新使用傳統(tǒng)的金屬鑰匙就可以了。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. in order to 為了;以便;目的在于;

例句：She stepped forward in order to see clearly.

她向前走了一步以便能看得更清楚。

2. eavesdrop on 偷聽;竊聽;

例句：German hacker claims to have cracked the encryption that protects most cellphone calls, potentially paving the way for others to eavesdrop on conversations.

一名德國(guó)黑客聲稱了保護(hù)大部分手機(jī)通話的加密編碼，使竊聽他人手機(jī)通話成為可能。

3. be aware of 注意到的;察覺到的;意識(shí)到的;

例句：John has been aware of having done something wrong.

約翰已意識(shí)到自己做錯(cuò)了事情。

4. break into 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入;闖入;

例句：They break into computers and break the phone system. Real hackers call these people crackers and want nothing to do with them.

他們?nèi)肭蛛娔X，破壞電話系統(tǒng)。真正的黑客叫這些人駭客，而且不想與他們扯上邊。

5. hack into (尤指為獲取機(jī)密信息)侵入，非法進(jìn)入(他人的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng));

例句：There is no doubt that it is a criminal offence to hack into others' computers and get secret data .

毫無疑問，非法侵入他人電腦獲取機(jī)密資料是刑事犯罪。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：全球荒野面積減少

Only about 23 percent of the world's land area is still what you'd call wilderness—where indigenous people, wildlife, plants and microbes get a chance to live with little or no disturbance from large human populations. But even that current figure of 23 percent is down by a tenth in just the last couple of decades. Which translates into an area the size of Alaska being converted away from wilderness since the 1990s. That's according to a study in the journal Current Biology that was also announced at the just completed Honolulu meeting of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

The research found that the regions that suffered the biggest wilderness losses were South America and Central Africa. South America lost almost a third of its wilderness while Africa's is down about 14 percent.

James Watson is the lead author of the study. He's with the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Queensland—he's no relation to the more famous DNA double helix James Watson.

In the journal article he and his colleagues write: "The continued loss of wilderness areas is a globally significant problem with largely irreversible outcomes for both humans and nature: if these trends continue, there could be no globally significant wilderness areas left in less than a century. Proactively protecting the world's last wilderness areas is a cost-effective conservation investment and our best prospect for ensuring that intact ecosystems and large-scale ecological and evolutionary processes persist for the benefit of future generations." And future generations includes both the organisms in the remaining wilderness—and us.

世界上只有23%的土地仍可被稱為荒野，在那里，土著、野生動(dòng)物、植物和微生物有機(jī)會(huì)生活在一個(gè)很少或沒有人干擾的地方。但即使是目前這23%的占比在過去二十年里也減少了十分之一。上世紀(jì)90年代以來，相當(dāng)于阿拉斯加大小的荒野面積損失。這是一篇發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》期刊上的研究報(bào)告得出的結(jié)論，該研究成果在剛剛結(jié)束的國(guó)際自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟火奴魯魯會(huì)議上宣布。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，荒野損失最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)是南美洲和中非。南美洲損失了近30%的荒野，而非洲則減少了14%的荒野。

詹姆斯·沃森是這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者。他在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)和昆士蘭大學(xué)工作，大家可能知道DNA雙螺旋的發(fā)現(xiàn)者詹姆斯·沃森，不過我們這里提到的并不是同一個(gè)人。

他和他的同事在期刊文獻(xiàn)中寫道：“荒野地區(qū)的持續(xù)損失是全球性的重要問題，對(duì)人類和自然造成的影響在很大程度上是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的：如果這種趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)下去，不出一個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間，具有全球性重要意義的荒野地區(qū)可能將不復(fù)存在。積極保護(hù)世界上最后的荒野地區(qū)是具有成本效益的重大投資，也是我們確保完整生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的最好前景，同時(shí)讓大規(guī)模的生態(tài)進(jìn)化過程為后代造福?！边@里的后代既包括現(xiàn)存荒野中的生物，也包括我們?nèi)祟悺?/p>