托福聽力4大常見低分原因分析
托福聽力4大常見低分原因分析,看看你身上有沒有這些問題，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈Ｂ犃?大常見低分原因分析，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力4大常見低分原因分析 看看你身上有沒有這些問題
1、語音知識不扎實
扎實的語音知識是聽寫慢速英語的基礎。準確地抓住了語音，即使是生詞，也不難根據其發(fā)音從詞典找到答案。反之，如果語音知識不夠，即使是自己會的詞也不一定能聽懂，更不用說真正碰到生詞了。
由于種.種原因，不少人在鍛煉托福聽力過程中沒有得到足夠的語音訓練，雖然記住了數千個或上萬單詞和大量語法知識，可以順利地閱讀書面英語文章，但聽不懂用詞量只有1500余個的慢速英語廣播。
2、托福詞匯量不夠
詞寫出來認得，而且也能正確地讀出來，但由于對詞義的理解大狹窄而聽不懂。或者單個的詞寫出來認得，能正確地讀出來，詞義也明白，但不明白與其他詞合在一起組成詞組以后的意思是什么而聽不懂。
3、缺乏背景知識
英語廣播稿的撰寫人大都是地道的歐美人，他們熟知西方的風俗習慣和各種文化、歷史背景，在寫文章時，對于一些他們認為是人人皆知的背景知識就不會再費筆墨了。此類隱含在文章里的背景知識，對于不熟悉西方社會和文化的人來說，如果文章的作者沒有把必要的背景知識交待清楚的話，聽到以后不一定懂。
4、不熟悉專有名詞
英語廣播中頻繁地出現人名、地名和各種專有名詞，它們往往是句子的主語和賓語，是關鍵詞，如果聽不懂，會影響對整個內容的理解。
2020托福聽力練習：節(jié)能引擎噴射黑碳
If you've gone shopping for a car lately, you might have noticed that fuel economy—the number of miles per gallon—is slowly creeping up. One reason is a more efficient type of fuel injection, called gas direct injection. It's a feature of half the new cars sold in the U.S. last year.
"With that kind of engine design you can also introduce turbocharging—that's really what it comes down to: more engine power with a smaller engine." Naomi Zimmerman, an air-quality scientist at Carnegie Mellon University—who has, by the way, never owned a car. "Probably because I did a whole PhD on engine emissions."
Here's how the two injection methods differ. In the old standard, called "port fuel injection," gas is injected into the air intake, where it mixes with air before hitting the cylinder. In direct injection though, as the name implies, the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. It's more fuel efficient, meaning lower CO2 emissions, which will help slow climate change. But here is a paradox, it also emits more particulate matter, including black carbon, or soot—a pollutant implicated in global warming.
Zimmerman and her colleagues analyzed studies of direct injection engines to see how this pollution tradeoff works out for the climate. "The answer is that it's really complicated and it's not certain." But on average, she says, boosting fuel economy five to nine percent would probably cancel out the warming effects of black soot, and score a net positive for the climate. The findings are in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
The fuel economy goal might be different in places with big temperature swings, and where gasoline has more aromatic compounds—which seem to boost black carbon emissions. One place that fits the bill: Canada. "There we might need to be closer to the 10 percent, 15 percent mark in terms of improving fuel economy. Which is actually a very aggressive increase in fuel economy."
She says one solution that might reduce black carbon emissions is gasoline particulate filters. Which would also screen out particulate matter dangerous to human health. Meaning a win for the planet—and the people who live on it.
如果你最近買了一輛車，你可能已經注意到燃油經濟，也就是每加侖行駛的總英里數正在悄然上升。原因之一在于燃油噴射裝置的效率更高，這被稱為缸內直接噴射技術。去年美國出售的新車中，有一半車輛都具有這個特征。
“這種引擎設計也可以引進渦輪增壓，這才是真正的原因：更小的引擎，更大的發(fā)動機功率?！蹦葕W米·齊默爾曼是卡內基梅隆大學的空氣質量科學家，她從未買過汽車?！翱赡苁且驗槲以诓┦垦芯可A段對發(fā)動機排放進行了整體研究?！?/p>
下面說明一下這兩種噴射方式的不同之處。按照舊標準，車輛使用的是進氣道燃油噴射技術，將氣體注入進氣口，在沖擊汽缸之前與空氣混合。而缸內直接噴射，顧名思義，就是直接式燃料噴射，將燃料直接注入汽缸。這種方法更省油，二氧化碳排放量更少，這將有助于減緩氣候變化。但是，與此相矛盾的是，這種方法會噴射出更多的顆粒物，包括黑碳或煤灰等與全球變暖有關的污染物。
齊默爾曼和同事對直接噴射式發(fā)動機進行了研究分析，以查明這種污染均衡怎樣解決氣候問題。“答案是，這種方法非法復雜，目前還不能確定?！辈贿^她表示，總體來說，將燃油經濟性由5%提高到9%，可能會抵消黑炭的暖化效應，這對氣候是有益的。該項研究結果發(fā)表在《環(huán)境科學與技術》雜志上。
燃油經濟性目標可能在那些溫度波動較大、汽油中含有更多芳香化合物的地方會有所不同，這似乎促進了黑碳排放。有一個地方剛好符合要求，這個地方就是加拿大。“在這里，就改善燃油經濟性而言，我們可能需要將其提高至10%，甚至是15%。這確實是燃油經濟性的大幅提高?！?/p>
她表示，汽油顆粒過濾器可能是減少黑碳排放的解決方法。該過濾器還可以篩選出危害人類健康的顆粒物。這意味著，這個星球以及生活在這個星球上的人們贏得了勝利。
2020托福聽力練習：美國政府擬用無人機發(fā)射疫苗保護瀕危雪貂
A recent headline on the Web site theverge.com got a lot of attention on social media. Because each new phrase seemed to take the message in an unexpected direction. The headline read: U.S. government plans to use drones to fire vaccine-laced M&Ms near endangered ferrets.
Some background. Black-footed ferrets have been on the endangered species list since 1967. Only about 300 were known to be alive in the wild at the end of 2015. They tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Because they love to eat prairie dogs, which tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Unfortunately, prairie dogs often harbor fleas, and fleas can carry the plague. Yup, that plague, the so-called Black Death that killed millions in Europe in the 14th century.
So ferrets suffer when fleas cause a plague outbreak in prairie dogs, either because the ferrets also catch the disease or because the prairie dogs die and the ferrets go hungry. Officials have tried vaccinating individual ferrets and they've tried treating prairie-dog burrows with flea-killer. But neither method is particularly efficient.
And so the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study for September in the UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge in Montana. The viral headline was incorrect about the M&Ms, but otherwise, yes, aerial drones will shoot vaccine-laced pellets designed to be irresistible to prairie dogs. The drone delivery system should quickly spread the vaccine-carrying goodies over a wide area so that lots of prairie dogs gobble them up—thus making the prairie dogs available to be gobbled up, safely, by the endangered ferrets.
And so everybody wins. Except for the prairie dogs that get eaten. And the Yersinia pestis bacteria that cause plague. Well, that's it for me, I've droned on long enough.
Theverge.com網站最近的一條標題引起很多社交媒體的關注。原因是每一個新短語都好像將這條信息引往了一個意想不到的方向。標題寫著：美國政府計劃用無人機向瀕危雪貂棲息地發(fā)射帶有疫苗的M&Ms糖果。
背景介紹：黑足雪貂在1967年被列入瀕危物種名單。截至2015年底，現存的野生黑足雪貂只有300只左右。黑足雪貂喜歡生活在美國大平原和美國西部地區(qū)。這是因為它們喜歡吃的草原犬鼠生活在美國大平原和西部地區(qū)。不幸的是，草原犬鼠通常會滋生跳蚤，并且跳蚤可能帶有鼠疫。沒錯，被稱為“黑死病”的鼠疫在14世紀導致歐洲數百萬人死亡。
因此，當跳蚤導致鼠疫襲擊草原犬鼠時，雪貂也會受到牽連，要么是因為雪貂也會染上鼠疫，要么是因為草原犬鼠的死亡導致雪貂挨餓。官員曾嘗試給雪貂接種疫苗，也曾嘗試往草原犬鼠的洞穴里噴灑殺蚤劑。但這兩種方法都不是特別有效。
所以，美國魚類和野生動物局正在為一項研究做準備，該研究將于9月在蒙大拿州國家野生動物保護區(qū)啟動。那條轟動標題中有關M&Ms的部分是不正確的，不過除此以外，無人機的確將發(fā)射帶有疫苗的糖果，這種糖果被設計成使草原犬鼠無法抗拒的美味。無人機輸送系統(tǒng)應在廣泛區(qū)域迅速播撒帶有疫苗的糖果，讓大量草原犬鼠食用，進而讓瀕危雪貂可以安全地捕食草原犬鼠。
這樣大家都是贏家。當然，除了被吃掉的草原犬鼠和引發(fā)鼠疫的鼠疫耶爾森氏桿菌。好了，就是這些了，我已經講了很長時間了。
重點講解：
1. either...or... (表示在兩者或多者中擇其一)或者，要么;
例句：Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.
我們或是尋求供貨，或者自己制造。
2. go hungry 挨餓;吃不飽;
例句：Leonidas' family had been poor, he went hungry for years.
利奧尼達斯家曾經很窮，他有很多年都吃不飽肚子。
3. gobble up 貪婪地吃;狼吞虎咽;
例句：There were dangerous beasts in the river that might gobble you up.
河里有吃人的危險動物。
4. except for 除了;除…之外;唯有;
例句：Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper.
史密斯除了脾氣不好外，是個好人。
5. drone on (人)絮絮叨叨地說，喋喋不休地說;
例句：Aunt Maimie's voice droned on.
梅米姨媽喋喋不休地說著。
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