托福聽力6種強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)特征1秒看破技巧分享

托福聽力給予考生的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)就是如何準(zhǔn)確判斷聽力素材中哪些才是出題和解題關(guān)鍵線索內(nèi)容。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃?種強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)特征1秒看破技巧分享，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力6種強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)特征1秒看破技巧分享

1)含義強(qiáng)調(diào)

聽段子時(shí)，要特別注意那些“本身含義上就給我們以震撼或觸動(dòng)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)”。比如：“Especially”一詞后面的內(nèi)容一定是考點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗旧砭捅硎尽坝绕涫恰?，體現(xiàn)了ETS的“求異思想”。再比如：“new theory”周圍也一定存在考點(diǎn)，因?yàn)檫@體現(xiàn)了ETS的“求新思想”。

有時(shí)ETS 為強(qiáng)調(diào)某事，還特意用一些極其顯而易見的表達(dá)方式提醒我們，例如：“indeed(真正得)”、“certainly(當(dāng)然)”、 “Just remember(一定要記住)”、“And again.(再說一遍)”、“special feature(特殊的特征)”、 “Most importantly(最為重要的是)”、“One thing I should mention(我應(yīng)該提及的是……)”、 “Make / Be sure to…(一定要……)”等等。更多的含義強(qiáng)調(diào)詞還靠大家自己積累和體會(huì)。

2)解釋強(qiáng)調(diào)

要特別注意那些“本身含義上帶有解釋性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)”。比如：“…, which is / that is…(那就是說……)”顯然，“which is / that is…”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是ETS為防止我們考生聽不懂前面的內(nèi)容(生僻的詞或概念)，而特意添加上去，用來進(jìn)一步加以解釋的。

所以這種解釋性的定語從句理所當(dāng)然就成了強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)所在的重要標(biāo)志。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)如“What I mean is…”、 “All that means is…”等等不勝枚舉。

3)舉例強(qiáng)調(diào)

要特別注意那些“帶有舉例或列舉性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)”。比如：“for example…(例如……)”因?yàn)槔涌偙鹊览砗?jiǎn)單易懂得多。ETS清楚地知道：考生明白了后面的舉例，自然也就理解了前面的概念，然后再考前面的概念也就順理成章了。

這點(diǎn)顯然跟解釋原則類似。所以這種舉例或列舉式的結(jié)構(gòu)也成了強(qiáng)調(diào)考點(diǎn)所在的重要標(biāo)志。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)如“for instance”、“such as…”“namely…”、“as an example”、 “take example for ”等等不勝枚舉。

4)級(jí)別強(qiáng)調(diào)

聽段子時(shí)，要特別注意那些“帶有級(jí)別比較(比較級(jí)或最高級(jí))性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)”。比如：“much higher than…(比……高得多)”，因?yàn)橛斜容^就有觀點(diǎn)，是觀點(diǎn)就是考點(diǎn)。

所以這種帶有級(jí)別比較(比較級(jí)或最高級(jí))性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)也成了表明考點(diǎn)所在的重要標(biāo)志。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“-er”、“-est”“more”、“most”、“mostly”、“first”、“l(fā)ast”、“majority(多數(shù)派)”、 “minority(少數(shù)派)”、“above all(首要的是)”等等舉不勝舉。

5)結(jié)論強(qiáng)調(diào)

聽段子時(shí)，要特別注意那些“帶有結(jié)論、總結(jié)性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)”。比如：“I concluded that…(我的結(jié)論是……)”，不可否認(rèn)，結(jié)論性言語在哪里都是最重要的，所以這種帶有結(jié)論、總結(jié)性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)也標(biāo)志著考點(diǎn)的存在。

類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“conclusion”、 “summarize”、“make a summary(總結(jié))”、“in brief(概括說)”、“in short(簡(jiǎn)而言之)”、 “in a word(簡(jiǎn)而言之)”、“in a conclusion”、“finally”、“all in all”、“to sum up”等等舉不勝舉。

6)對(duì)比強(qiáng)調(diào)

聽段子時(shí)，還要特別注意那些“帶有對(duì)比性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)”。比如：“compare to…(與……相比)”這種帶有對(duì)比性質(zhì)的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)也標(biāo)志著考點(diǎn)就在周圍。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“unlike(不象)”、“similar to(與……類似)”、“in contrast to(與……對(duì)照)”、 “differently”、“alike(象)”、“resemble(類似)” “on the other hand” “instead” “l(fā)ikewise” “in the same way”等等。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：雞味可驅(qū)蚊防瘧疾

In Africa's battle against malaria, two low-tech tactics—insecticides and bed nets—have done a decent job killing off mosquitoes. "But it's mainly one species that's been affected. That's a species called Anopheles gambiae, often referred to the African malaria mosquito." Rickard Ignell, a chemical ecologist at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.

He says, despite that success, the problem is far from solved. For one, mosquitoes are developing resistance to insecticides. And two, there are many other species that can spread the disease. Including one that's common in the horn of Africa: Anopheles arabiensis.

Unlike the pickier gambiae, its palate is wide-ranging. Arabiensis sucks the blood of cattle, sheep, goats. But… not chickens. "Chickens like mosquitoes. So they'll actively feed on mosquitoes and other insects. So avoiding chickens could be a way of surviving, and evolving a way of smelling the chickens could be an early warning system for them."

And it turns out, that aversion to chickens can be used against the insects. Ignell and his colleagues isolated chemical compounds from chicken feathers, and dispensed them next to a human sleeping under a bed net—a human lure. And they found that fewer mosquitoes came round for a snack, due to the repellent chemicals. The findings appear in the Malaria Journal.

Ignell says this chicken cologne won't be immediately available. "Ideally the world would be like that, that we could bottle it up and send it off and they don't have to pay anything. But that's not the case usually." Luckily, there's an equally effective substitute. "We can actually reduce the number of mosquitoes indoors by just using a chicken. So that's probably the cheapest option."

非洲在對(duì)抗瘧疾時(shí)用了兩種低科技手段：殺蟲劑和蚊帳，這兩種方法有效地殺死了蚊子。“但是，這兩種方法只能對(duì)一個(gè)物種產(chǎn)生影響。這個(gè)物種是岡比亞按蚊，常被稱為非洲瘧蚊?！比鸬滢r(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)大學(xué)的化學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)家理查德·伊格內(nèi)爾說道。

他表示，雖然這兩種方法取得了成功，但問題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有解決。一方面，蚊子已經(jīng)對(duì)殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗藥性。另一方面，還有很多其它物種可以傳播疾病。其中一個(gè)物種就是在非洲之角這一地區(qū)常見的阿拉伯按蚊。

與更為挑剔的岡比亞按蚊不同，阿拉伯按蚊的口味更為廣泛。阿拉伯按蚊會(huì)吸牛、綿羊、山羊的血，但是……卻不會(huì)吸雞的血?！笆紫?，雞喜歡蚊子。所以它們會(huì)以蚊子和其他昆蟲為食。因此，對(duì)蚊子來說，不吸雞的血可能是一種生存方式，而使聞雞類味道的能力得到進(jìn)化可以成為早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)?！?/p>

事實(shí)證明，可以利用這種對(duì)雞類的厭惡感來對(duì)抗昆蟲。伊格內(nèi)爾和同事從雞的羽毛中分離出化合物，然后將這種化合物放置在睡在蚊帳里的人類的旁邊，這是一種人為誘惑。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于討厭這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，很少有蚊子會(huì)進(jìn)入蚊帳吸血。這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《瘧疾雜志》上。

伊格內(nèi)爾表示，現(xiàn)在還不能馬上提供這種雞味古龍香水?！白罾硐氲那闆r是，我們可以把它裝進(jìn)瓶子里，然后讓味道散發(fā)出去，它們不需要付出什么。但是顯然情況并非如此?！毙疫\(yùn)的是，有一個(gè)同樣有效的替代品，“我們可以用一只雞來減少室內(nèi)蚊子的數(shù)量?？赡苓@是最便宜的選擇?！?/p>

重點(diǎn)講解：

kill off 被全部殺死;被滅絕;

例句：Their natural predators have been killed off.

它們的天敵被全部殺死。

2. be far from 根本不;遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不;

例句：His explanation was far from satisfactory.

他的解釋一點(diǎn)也不令人滿意。

3. turn out 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn);結(jié)果是;

例句：It turned out to be a wild-goose chase.

結(jié)果證明這只不過是一場(chǎng)徒勞。

4. due to 由于;因?yàn)?

例句：Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.

在那個(gè)周末因高速駕駛造成的交通事故很多。

2020托福聽力練習(xí)：加固水壩有利魚類繁殖

In the early 19th century the fur industry reached what was then known as the Oregon Territories. Lewis and Clark found massive numbers of Pacific salmon and steelhead trout there, swimming among the beaver dams scattered across the Columbia River Basin.

But in an effort to starve American interests, Canada's Hudson's Bay Company tried to create a "fur desert" by killing off as many fur-bearing animals as they could. As a result, beavers had all but disappeared from the area by the year 1900. And once the beavers and their dams were gone, fish populations dropped.

Today, steelhead trout numbers in the region continue to fall. But scientists and government agencies are working to restore their habitats.

"We're looking for restoration approaches in these areas to recover ESA-listed species, but we really don't know what works and what doesn't." Nick Bouwes of the environmental consulting firm Eco Logical Research and Utah State University.

He says that the U.S. spends a billion dollars each year to restore watersheds, but without any real empirical information to guide those efforts. So Bouwes and his team tested the idea that by helping beavers, they could help the fish.

Dams naturally alter the flow of streams, providing fish with a variety of suitable habitats. But the watersheds have become so degraded that there's not enough woody vegetation available for the beavers to build strong dams. The flimsy ones they do build get washed away whenever there's a big storm.

"The idea was, can we reinforce these dams so that they maintain their integrity during high flows, and can be maintained by beavers to capture that sediment, to reconnect that floodplain?"

For seven years, the researchers compared Bridge Creek, which had lots of artificially strengthened dams, to Murderer's Creek, which had none. And in Bridge Creek, the fish flourished—despite the view held by some that beaver dams are bad for fish. The results are in the journal Scientific Reports.

"Beavers, they're really good at making a mess of a system, and it's that messiness that's exactly what we're looking for, by creating more complex fish habitat."

And costing just $11,000 for each kilometer of stream, artificial dam reinforcements are much cheaper than conventional restoration methods—since the beavers do most of the work for us. And that is a dam good deal.

毛皮行業(yè)在19世紀(jì)早期進(jìn)入到當(dāng)時(shí)著名的奧勒岡領(lǐng)土。劉易斯和克拉克發(fā)現(xiàn)，大量的太平洋鮭魚和硬頭鱒在哥倫比亞河流域的海貍水壩中游來游去。

但是為了節(jié)制美國(guó)的利益，加拿大哈德遜灣公司試圖創(chuàng)建一個(gè)“毛皮沙漠”，盡可能多地殺死毛皮類動(dòng)物。因此，海貍在1900年時(shí)幾乎消失殆盡。一旦海貍和它們創(chuàng)造出來的水壩都不見了，魚類數(shù)量就會(huì)開始下降。

現(xiàn)在，該地區(qū)的硬頭鱒數(shù)量仍在繼續(xù)下跌。但是科學(xué)家和政府機(jī)構(gòu)正在努力恢復(fù)它們的棲息地。

“我們正在這些領(lǐng)域?qū)ふ倚迯?fù)方法以恢復(fù)ESA名單上的物種，但我們真的不知道哪種方法有效，哪種方法沒有作用?！边@是環(huán)境咨詢公司生態(tài)研究公司和猶他州立大學(xué)的研究人員尼克·鮑威斯所說。

他說，美國(guó)每年在恢復(fù)流域方面花費(fèi)10億美元，但是沒有任何實(shí)證信息來指導(dǎo)這些努力。所以鮑威斯和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)測(cè)試了通過幫助海貍來幫助魚類的辦法。

大壩可以自然地改變河流的流動(dòng)，為魚類提供各種合適的棲息地。但由于水域質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降，導(dǎo)致沒有足夠的木本植物供海貍建造堅(jiān)固的水壩。只要有大風(fēng)暴來襲，它們建造的劣質(zhì)水壩就會(huì)被沖走。

“我們的想法是，能不能通過加強(qiáng)這些水壩使它們?cè)诟吡鲃?dòng)性期間保持完整性，由海貍采集沉積物去填補(bǔ)洪泛區(qū)來保持完整性?”

七年來，研究者將有過很多人工加固水壩經(jīng)歷的Bridge Creek與沒有人工加固水壩經(jīng)歷的Murderer's Creek,相比較。雖然有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為海貍水壩對(duì)魚類有害，不過在Bridge Creek，魚類大量繁殖起來。這項(xiàng)研究成果刊登在《科學(xué)》雜志上。

“海貍非常擅長(zhǎng)擾亂系統(tǒng)，而這種干擾正是我們所需要的，因?yàn)檫@樣能創(chuàng)造出更多復(fù)合魚類棲息地?！?/p>

與傳統(tǒng)修復(fù)方法相比，每公里河流只需花費(fèi)1.1萬美元的人工加固大壩更加便宜，因?yàn)楹Ｘ倿槲覀冏隽舜蟛糠止ぷ?。這是一樁相當(dāng)劃算的交易。

重點(diǎn)講解：

1. kill off 全部殺死;滅絕;

例句：his spray will kill off any pests or insects.

這種噴霧能夠消滅任何的害蟲或者昆蟲。

2. as a result 結(jié)果;后果;

例句：As a result, daily output has doubled.

結(jié)果日產(chǎn)量翻了一番。

3. wash away 沖垮;沖走;

例句：Flood waters washed away one of the main bridges in Pusan.

洪水沖垮了釜山的一座主要橋梁。

4. be good at 擅長(zhǎng)的;精通的;能干的;

例句：I'm pretty good at water skiing.

我對(duì)滑水橇很在行。