托福聽力用詞太專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)
托福聽力用詞太專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)?5種記憶方法助你背熟難詞，今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃τ迷~太專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力用詞太專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)?5種記憶方法助你背熟難詞
方法一：重復(fù)記憶法
同學(xué)們都會(huì)有這樣的感受，單詞背完之后下次再看見它又不認(rèn)識(shí)了，因此非常的苦惱感覺自己好像很笨，記不住單詞，其實(shí)這是背單詞的方法出了問題。
建議同學(xué)們：假設(shè)每天60分鐘背單詞，45分鐘的時(shí)間用來記憶新單詞，剩下的15分鐘時(shí)間用來復(fù)習(xí)之前背過的單詞和當(dāng)天記憶的單詞，并且一定要堅(jiān)持每天復(fù)習(xí)，8-14次復(fù)習(xí)后，才能達(dá)到好的記憶效果。
方法二：詞根詞綴法
1.詞綴
當(dāng)同學(xué)們的單詞有了一定的積累，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)單詞非常的可愛，有自己的“偏旁部首”，它的“偏旁部首”就是它的詞綴，下面Flora老師舉一些常見例子來說明：
re- 表示 again
submit: 提交 resubmit：再次提交
view: 看 review：再看一次 復(fù)習(xí)
de- 表示變少，變壞
compose：組成 decompose 分解
mean：意思是 demean：貶低
2.詞根
詞根是什么?詞根是一個(gè)單詞的根本部分，是一個(gè)單詞的核心。單詞的意義就是由詞根的意義而產(chǎn)生，如vis表示看，所以visible就是看得見的，下面的例子可以更詳細(xì)的表明此方法的妙用：
pos = put 放置
expose：揭露 【ex表示外面，pos表放置，所以放在外面就是揭露出來】
compose：組成 【com-表示一起，pos表放置，所以放在一起就是組成】
dispose：配置【dis-表示分開，pos表放置，所以分開放置就是配置安排】
oppose：反抗【op-表示相反，pos表放置，所以放在相反位置就是反抗】
方法三：同義詞反義詞
解決單詞記住又忘記，還有一個(gè)巧妙的方法就是同義詞反義詞，把這些單詞按照意思分類。并且可以同義反義對(duì)比著記憶，比如：
表示美好的單詞：handsome，gorgeous，attractive，stunning，elegant，etc
表示聰明的單詞：quick-witted，intelligent，smart，wise，diplomatic，etc
表示懶笨的單詞：dumb，stupid，ridiculous，foolish，silly，idle，etc
方法四：諧音聯(lián)想法
pest：害蟲【拍死它，害蟲要拍死它】
ambulance：救護(hù)車【俺不想死，所以救護(hù)車來了】
maid: 少女【美的，少女很美】
方法五：學(xué)科分類法
研究表明，在記憶事物的時(shí)候，將事物分類去記憶，可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果，由于聽力涉及各種專業(yè)學(xué)科，詞匯五花八門，建議同學(xué)們?cè)谟洃浀臅r(shí)候，按照學(xué)科去分類記憶，如：
關(guān)于地質(zhì)的單詞：insular 海島，oasis綠洲，meridian 子午線，volcano 火山，lava 熔巖
關(guān)于藝術(shù)地單詞：rehearsal 彩排，repertoire 全部節(jié)目，debut 首次演出，protagonist 主角
關(guān)于生物的單詞：amphibian 兩棲動(dòng)物，mammal 哺乳動(dòng)物，reptile 爬行動(dòng)物
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：節(jié)能引擎噴射黑碳
If you've gone shopping for a car lately, you might have noticed that fuel economy—the number of miles per gallon—is slowly creeping up. One reason is a more efficient type of fuel injection, called gas direct injection. It's a feature of half the new cars sold in the U.S. last year.
"With that kind of engine design you can also introduce turbocharging—that's really what it comes down to: more engine power with a smaller engine." Naomi Zimmerman, an air-quality scientist at Carnegie Mellon University—who has, by the way, never owned a car. "Probably because I did a whole PhD on engine emissions."
Here's how the two injection methods differ. In the old standard, called "port fuel injection," gas is injected into the air intake, where it mixes with air before hitting the cylinder. In direct injection though, as the name implies, the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. It's more fuel efficient, meaning lower CO2 emissions, which will help slow climate change. But here is a paradox, it also emits more particulate matter, including black carbon, or soot—a pollutant implicated in global warming.
Zimmerman and her colleagues analyzed studies of direct injection engines to see how this pollution tradeoff works out for the climate. "The answer is that it's really complicated and it's not certain." But on average, she says, boosting fuel economy five to nine percent would probably cancel out the warming effects of black soot, and score a net positive for the climate. The findings are in the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
The fuel economy goal might be different in places with big temperature swings, and where gasoline has more aromatic compounds—which seem to boost black carbon emissions. One place that fits the bill: Canada. "There we might need to be closer to the 10 percent, 15 percent mark in terms of improving fuel economy. Which is actually a very aggressive increase in fuel economy."
She says one solution that might reduce black carbon emissions is gasoline particulate filters. Which would also screen out particulate matter dangerous to human health. Meaning a win for the planet—and the people who live on it.
如果你最近買了一輛車，你可能已經(jīng)注意到燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)，也就是每加侖行駛的總英里數(shù)正在悄然上升。原因之一在于燃油噴射裝置的效率更高，這被稱為缸內(nèi)直接噴射技術(shù)。去年美國(guó)出售的新車中，有一半車輛都具有這個(gè)特征。
“這種引擎設(shè)計(jì)也可以引進(jìn)渦輪增壓，這才是真正的原因：更小的引擎，更大的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率。”娜奧米·齊默爾曼是卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)的空氣質(zhì)量科學(xué)家，她從未買過汽車?！翱赡苁且?yàn)槲以诓┦垦芯可A段對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排放進(jìn)行了整體研究?！?/p>
下面說明一下這兩種噴射方式的不同之處。按照舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，車輛使用的是進(jìn)氣道燃油噴射技術(shù)，將氣體注入進(jìn)氣口，在沖擊汽缸之前與空氣混合。而缸內(nèi)直接噴射，顧名思義，就是直接式燃料噴射，將燃料直接注入汽缸。這種方法更省油，二氧化碳排放量更少，這將有助于減緩氣候變化。但是，與此相矛盾的是，這種方法會(huì)噴射出更多的顆粒物，包括黑碳或煤灰等與全球變暖有關(guān)的污染物。
齊默爾曼和同事對(duì)直接噴射式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行了研究分析，以查明這種污染均衡怎樣解決氣候問題?！按鸢甘牵@種方法非法復(fù)雜，目前還不能確定?！辈贿^她表示，總體來說，將燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性由5%提高到9%，可能會(huì)抵消黑炭的暖化效應(yīng)，這對(duì)氣候是有益的。該項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》雜志上。
燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性目標(biāo)可能在那些溫度波動(dòng)較大、汽油中含有更多芳香化合物的地方會(huì)有所不同，這似乎促進(jìn)了黑碳排放。有一個(gè)地方剛好符合要求，這個(gè)地方就是加拿大。“在這里，就改善燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性而言，我們可能需要將其提高至10%，甚至是15%。這確實(shí)是燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性的大幅提高。”
她表示，汽油顆粒過濾器可能是減少黑碳排放的解決方法。該過濾器還可以篩選出危害人類健康的顆粒物。這意味著，這個(gè)星球以及生活在這個(gè)星球上的人們贏得了勝利。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：美國(guó)政府?dāng)M用無人機(jī)發(fā)射疫苗保護(hù)瀕危雪貂
A recent headline on the Web site theverge.com got a lot of attention on social media. Because each new phrase seemed to take the message in an unexpected direction. The headline read: U.S. government plans to use drones to fire vaccine-laced M&Ms near endangered ferrets.
Some background. Black-footed ferrets have been on the endangered species list since 1967. Only about 300 were known to be alive in the wild at the end of 2015. They tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Because they love to eat prairie dogs, which tend to live in the Great Plains and the West. Unfortunately, prairie dogs often harbor fleas, and fleas can carry the plague. Yup, that plague, the so-called Black Death that killed millions in Europe in the 14th century.
So ferrets suffer when fleas cause a plague outbreak in prairie dogs, either because the ferrets also catch the disease or because the prairie dogs die and the ferrets go hungry. Officials have tried vaccinating individual ferrets and they've tried treating prairie-dog burrows with flea-killer. But neither method is particularly efficient.
And so the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study for September in the UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge in Montana. The viral headline was incorrect about the M&Ms, but otherwise, yes, aerial drones will shoot vaccine-laced pellets designed to be irresistible to prairie dogs. The drone delivery system should quickly spread the vaccine-carrying goodies over a wide area so that lots of prairie dogs gobble them up—thus making the prairie dogs available to be gobbled up, safely, by the endangered ferrets.
And so everybody wins. Except for the prairie dogs that get eaten. And the Yersinia pestis bacteria that cause plague. Well, that's it for me, I've droned on long enough.
Theverge.com網(wǎng)站最近的一條標(biāo)題引起很多社交媒體的關(guān)注。原因是每一個(gè)新短語(yǔ)都好像將這條信息引往了一個(gè)意想不到的方向。標(biāo)題寫著：美國(guó)政府計(jì)劃用無人機(jī)向?yàn)l危雪貂棲息地發(fā)射帶有疫苗的M&Ms糖果。
背景介紹：黑足雪貂在1967年被列入瀕危物種名單。截至2015年底，現(xiàn)存的野生黑足雪貂只有300只左右。黑足雪貂喜歡生活在美國(guó)大平原和美國(guó)西部地區(qū)。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兿矚g吃的草原犬鼠生活在美國(guó)大平原和西部地區(qū)。不幸的是，草原犬鼠通常會(huì)滋生跳蚤，并且跳蚤可能帶有鼠疫。沒錯(cuò)，被稱為“黑死病”的鼠疫在14世紀(jì)導(dǎo)致歐洲數(shù)百萬人死亡。
因此，當(dāng)跳蚤導(dǎo)致鼠疫襲擊草原犬鼠時(shí)，雪貂也會(huì)受到牽連，要么是因?yàn)檠跻矔?huì)染上鼠疫，要么是因?yàn)椴菰蟮乃劳鰧?dǎo)致雪貂挨餓。官員曾嘗試給雪貂接種疫苗，也曾嘗試往草原犬鼠的洞穴里噴灑殺蚤劑。但這兩種方法都不是特別有效。
所以，美國(guó)魚類和野生動(dòng)物局正在為一項(xiàng)研究做準(zhǔn)備，該研究將于9月在蒙大拿州國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)啟動(dòng)。那條轟動(dòng)標(biāo)題中有關(guān)M&Ms的部分是不正確的，不過除此以外，無人機(jī)的確將發(fā)射帶有疫苗的糖果，這種糖果被設(shè)計(jì)成使草原犬鼠無法抗拒的美味。無人機(jī)輸送系統(tǒng)應(yīng)在廣泛區(qū)域迅速播撒帶有疫苗的糖果，讓大量草原犬鼠食用，進(jìn)而讓瀕危雪貂可以安全地捕食草原犬鼠。
這樣大家都是贏家。當(dāng)然，除了被吃掉的草原犬鼠和引發(fā)鼠疫的鼠疫耶爾森氏桿菌。好了，就是這些了，我已經(jīng)講了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。
重點(diǎn)講解：
1. either...or... (表示在兩者或多者中擇其一)或者，要么;
例句：Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.
我們或是尋求供貨，或者自己制造。
2. go hungry 挨餓;吃不飽;
例句：Leonidas' family had been poor, he went hungry for years.
利奧尼達(dá)斯家曾經(jīng)很窮，他有很多年都吃不飽肚子。
3. gobble up 貪婪地吃;狼吞虎咽;
例句：There were dangerous beasts in the river that might gobble you up.
河里有吃人的危險(xiǎn)動(dòng)物。
4. except for 除了;除…之外;唯有;
例句：Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper.
史密斯除了脾氣不好外，是個(gè)好人。
5. drone on (人)絮絮叨叨地說，喋喋不休地說;
例句：Aunt Maimie's voice droned on.
梅米姨媽喋喋不休地說著。
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