如何看待雅思考試和語言能力提高

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學(xué)雅思的正確心態(tài) ,如何看待考試和語言能力提高?今天小編給大家?guī)砹巳绾慰创潘伎荚嚭驼Z言能力提高,希望可以幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

學(xué)雅思的正確心態(tài) 如何看待考試和語言能力提高

學(xué)語言,是為了應(yīng)用

在雅思劍橋真題集中考試介紹部分對(duì)A類考試閱讀部分是這樣說的:

[There are three texts, which are taken from journals, books, magazines and newspapers.The texts are on topics of general interest.]

雅思閱讀文章取材來源如此廣泛,話題如此多樣。這是高壓的高中生活最缺少的必修課----廣泛閱讀。而G類甚至還包括了“notices, advertisement, leaflets, instruction manuels”。

因?yàn)檠潘伎荚嚲褪窍敫嬖V你,想在國(guó)外生活,需要掌握哪些基本的能力。

還有“At least one text contains detailed logical argument.” 除了文章內(nèi)容五花八門,還一定要有至少一篇論述細(xì)致、邏輯性強(qiáng)的議論文。這完全適應(yīng)了英語國(guó)家留學(xué)生的英語要求,當(dāng)你能輕易的看懂這些文章就意味著你的留學(xué)生活中不會(huì)有很大的語言問題。

關(guān)于背單詞這件大事

另外一個(gè)很大的問題是幾乎所有的英語學(xué)習(xí)者遇到的問題:背單詞。幾乎每個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)第二外語的人,都會(huì)抱怨背單詞記不住;如果要考試,短期背下大量單詞更是難上加難。而就算真的背下來了,也是睡醒了一切回到解放前。哪怕是用了各種單詞卡片、學(xué)了詞根詞綴、編了故事、抄了口訣,也是分分鐘可以“單詞是單詞,我是我”,句子該看不懂還是看不懂。

面對(duì)這樣豐滿的理想和骨干的現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的差距,只有做到了知彼知己,才可以逐個(gè)擊破。拿最新的劍橋真題10來舉個(gè)例子,列舉一下所有閱讀部分的標(biāo)題。

TEST1

P1 The Value of a College Degree

P2 Less Television, Less Violence and Aggression

P3 Issues Affecting the Southern Resident Orcas

TEST2

P1 Glaciers

P2 Irish Potato Famine

P3 Anesthesiology

TEST3

P1 The History of Bicycles

P2 Segway into the Future

P3 The meaning of volunteering

TEST4

P1 Finding the Lost Freedom

P2 Rising Sea

P3 New Rules Eqr the Paper Game

看文章標(biāo)題,能知道這些來源于生活的學(xué)術(shù)文章,實(shí)則是在測(cè)試你留學(xué)過程中能不能看懂學(xué)校的材料。既然知道這些文章是出自報(bào)刊、雜志、學(xué)術(shù)期刊、書籍,且題目范圍廣,但目標(biāo)類別清晰,那何不平時(shí),比如一個(gè)星期找來一篇這樣的文章當(dāng)做課外閱讀?

來源也可以選擇比如BBC NEWS, National Geographic,The Economics中的文章,都是真正的native speaker寫的地道英文,搞定這些,你還怕什么語言考試?你甚至可以和native speaker辯論。

當(dāng)然閱讀只是第一步。在讀的時(shí)候遇到生詞是件必然的事情,無論你是高中生也好,大學(xué)生也罷,據(jù)柯林斯詞典統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,如果掌握6500核心詞,可以讀通英語資料的 90%,掌握常用詞匯的 14600個(gè),就可以讀懂任何英語材料的 95%,即從理論上說,任何一篇 100詞的文章大約有 5個(gè)生詞。

如果要讀通外國(guó)刊物或原版小說,詞匯量則要在14600以上。而如果你可以通過平時(shí)積累,潛移默化地掌握了這么多單詞,或者退一步說,掌握了6500核心詞。而且這些單詞是在有語境、有故事情節(jié)、在你沒有任何考試壓力、心情愉悅的狀態(tài)下、在興趣的驅(qū)使中自然吸收的單詞,印象會(huì)相對(duì)深刻很多。否則按照原始的背單詞的方法,你只會(huì)記得某個(gè)單詞在單詞書里面某一頁的左上角第二個(gè),但說什么也想不起它的意思。

其二,單詞搞定,句子可以懂。很多同學(xué)句子里面的每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識(shí),但連起來句子看完第一反應(yīng)就是“什么鬼”??炊渥有枰欢ǖ恼Z法基礎(chǔ),但是沒有一個(gè)講中文的中國(guó)人是靠語法學(xué)的中文。

身邊確實(shí)有這樣的同學(xué),讓他把英語翻譯成中文,簡(jiǎn)直就沒有言語可以表達(dá);但如果直接讓他英語輸出,每個(gè)句子都可以漂亮到?jīng)]有語法錯(cuò)誤且地道有說服力。這就是我們常說的“語感”。而語感就是通過日積月累的閱讀,無形中改造了大腦回路。把我們自然而然的訓(xùn)練成了英語思維和說話的邏輯。我們不再需要刻意的套用千篇一律的模板,而是可以講爛熟于心的所謂“句型”用得如魚得水。

聽力一樣不是魔鬼!

聽力是一個(gè)留學(xué)生在初期留學(xué)最大的問題,因?yàn)槁牪欢睦飦淼恼f得好,寫的棒?而大部分同學(xué)都表示自己出國(guó)初期根本聽不懂。

BBC News是點(diǎn)擊率較高的聽力磨耳朵材料,因?yàn)樗粌H可以看,還可以聽,每天只需要一篇小文,5-8分鐘長(zhǎng)度即可,這都是在給你的留學(xué)生活做準(zhǔn)備,當(dāng)然還可以兼顧你的英語考試。

如果真的要參加雅思考試,這個(gè)時(shí)候你再集中精力花 2到3個(gè)月了解考試,并且認(rèn)真的做幾套題,熟悉考試的題型和流程,就可以輕松又從容拿到自己目標(biāo)的成績(jī)了。也許你會(huì)覺得不可思議,但是作為一個(gè)只測(cè)試你的語言能力的考試,如果你真的英語好了,哪里還需要為了考試而學(xué)習(xí),那些所謂的“必會(huì)詞”和“核心句型”你不是很早之前就積累在自己的小本本里面了嗎?!

其實(shí)無論是雅思考試還是其他語言測(cè)試考試,千變?nèi)f化也不過只有一個(gè)宗旨,就是為了測(cè)試你的語言能力能不能適應(yīng)學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。當(dāng)你踏踏實(shí)實(shí)每天都為自己的未來努力一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),dream school就不是不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。

就像我們都知道 0.98的365次方和1.02的 365次方差距是多么大,不積跬步無以至千里。只有平時(shí)把練英語當(dāng)做生活中的一部分,真正的練習(xí)語言能力,你一定能在一系列科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法下,語言大幅度的提升。而這一切都起源于你要考雅思。

三大雅思閱讀丟分點(diǎn)概述

一般而言,中國(guó)考生雅思閱讀成績(jī)還是不錯(cuò)的,但是能拿到滿分的還是很少,究其原因,雅思閱讀丟分點(diǎn)并未引起重視,為此特進(jìn)行收集整理,分享給大家,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,文中觀點(diǎn)僅供參考。

雅思閱讀丟分點(diǎn)一:遇到生詞,束手無策,無法正常進(jìn)行閱讀和做題

雅思閱讀考試文章來源于國(guó)外原版的期刊或雜志,話題覆蓋面廣,科技,自然,環(huán)保,社會(huì),文化,工作,生物,地理等無不涉及,所以遇到生詞在情理之中。但一部分烤鴨遇到生詞后就信心全失,慌亂至極,打破了自己原有的閱讀節(jié)奏和速度,做題時(shí)也因?yàn)樯~被卡殼,結(jié)果題目不僅沒有解出,還影響了后面的做題速度和時(shí)間,可謂“一發(fā)動(dòng)而遷全身”。對(duì)此,生詞的出現(xiàn)在所難免,只要大家有基本的詞匯量,完全可以將生詞的問題逐一擊破。

A. 有時(shí)候生詞屬于比較專業(yè)的詞匯,它們的出現(xiàn)不是為了考察考生的詞匯量,更多的是檢閱大家的應(yīng)變和判斷能力。尤其在題目中出現(xiàn)的所謂生詞,更是可以壞事變好事,成為考生定位答案的線索詞。

比如:在劍橋7 “Why pagodas don't fall down”一文,5-10題的分類題中第6題“tiles on eaves”,很可能考生在三個(gè)單詞中有兩個(gè)都不認(rèn)識(shí),這時(shí)候如何是好呢?首先,先觀察這兩個(gè)生詞的詞性。在介詞“on”的前后,且分別加了“s”, 可以判斷是名詞。在這篇建筑類的文章中論及我們不認(rèn)識(shí)的名詞,想必不是日常詞匯,所以完全可以把“tiles”和“eaves”作為定位詞去原文尋找答案。

B. 有時(shí)候生詞的含義可以在上下文中直接得到。在雅思閱讀文章時(shí)遇到的生詞,有相當(dāng)一部分的含義可以通過多種猜測(cè)單詞的方法得到,所以,在生詞的周圍或上下文尋找其解釋不失為有效途徑。

例如,劍橋4的文章“How much higher? How much faster?”中,有這樣一個(gè)句子:“One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion.” “biomechanics”這個(gè)單詞從構(gòu)詞法上看,我們只能夠知道其和生物有關(guān),此時(shí),看后面的同位語部分就能很好的幫我們解釋這個(gè)詞的意思,直接且易懂,即對(duì)身體在運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下的研究。

雅思閱讀丟分點(diǎn)二:不能權(quán)衡做題的優(yōu)先性,無法把握做題時(shí)間

很多烤鴨在面對(duì)雅思閱讀考試時(shí),都會(huì)感嘆時(shí)間不夠,有的考生會(huì)剩下半篇文章沒有讀完,更有甚者,一個(gè)小時(shí)只夠用來做兩篇文章。其中做題速度無法達(dá)到要求的原因有很多,詞匯量,閱讀方法,做題技巧無一不是。此外,還有一個(gè)很重要的因素:不會(huì)取舍,不會(huì)衡量做題的優(yōu)先性。雅思閱讀3篇文章,存在難易程度的差別??忌鷳?yīng)選擇自己擅長(zhǎng)或熟悉的話題文章優(yōu)先做。而對(duì)一篇文章而言,做題順序可以如下排布:Heading題 ---- 填空型題(表格,圖示,簡(jiǎn)答,summary, 完成句子) ---- 判斷題 ---- 選擇型題(單選,多選),平均每篇文章的做題時(shí)間控制在20min, 如時(shí)間到,還有少量題目(1-2題)沒有做完,可放寬少許時(shí)間完成。若還余留多題未完成,建議先舍棄,做下一篇文章,因?yàn)椴慌懦乱黄恼?,看似文章話題難,但題目容易的情況。難度系數(shù)高的題目在每個(gè)人面前都一樣,我們希望確保容易的題目百分百的拿下。

雅思閱讀丟分點(diǎn)三:對(duì)題目考點(diǎn)把握不清,不知如何確定keywords

很多考生在平時(shí)的練習(xí)和考場(chǎng)上面對(duì)劃keywords總是單一的跟著感覺走,或是將一道題目中大部分的詞都劃下來作為keywords, 完全失了方向和重點(diǎn),直接導(dǎo)致答案很難在原文鎖定。所以,keywords是對(duì)題目的濃縮,也是題目的線索詞,更是考點(diǎn)??忌鷤儜?yīng)該在平時(shí)的課堂和練習(xí)中,多加總結(jié)考點(diǎn)詞的特點(diǎn),以達(dá)到用一到兩個(gè)詞就涵蓋整個(gè)題目的效果。利用keywords定位答案,更集中目標(biāo),更有方向性。

例如:在劍橋7,“Why pagodas don't fall down”的分類題中,“size of eaves up to half width of the building”, 這道題目看似比較長(zhǎng),信息多,其實(shí)如果了解數(shù)字是一個(gè)考點(diǎn),就能果斷劃出half這個(gè)keywords, 并且根據(jù)做題經(jīng)驗(yàn),預(yù)測(cè)到其在原文必定會(huì)變換形式成fifty percent。如果在原文尋找答案前就把握了以上這些,找起來自然速度快了許多。

無論考試還是練習(xí),錯(cuò)誤在所難免,失分也是情理之中,但如果我們能從失分點(diǎn)中獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)和新的認(rèn)知,失分點(diǎn)會(huì)驟變?yōu)閮?yōu)勢(shì)。雅思閱讀的提高不僅僅是話題單詞的記憶,題型技巧的掌握,如果能從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié),相信會(huì)更加有效。

雅思閱讀長(zhǎng)難句如何化繁為簡(jiǎn)

英語的基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單:主謂賓和主系表。主謂賓是“誰-做-什么”,例如:比如“羊吃草”;“潔白可愛的小綿羊蹦蹦跳跳歡快活潑地在一望無垠的廣闊草原上幸福愉快地吃著鮮嫩碧綠的青草”一樣也是主謂賓,只不過多了一些修飾的詞,句子的核心意思還是“羊吃草”。主系表是“誰-是-什么”,同主謂賓一樣。在閱讀中我們要很快的找出核心句子,不用每句話的意思都懂,但要知道這句話要表達(dá)的核心意思,即找到主謂賓或主系表的主體。

針對(duì)這兩種句式結(jié)構(gòu)抓主干,即把復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句轉(zhuǎn)化成簡(jiǎn)單的句子。

主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu):尋找謂語動(dòng)詞

主系表結(jié)構(gòu):尋找系動(dòng)詞

也就是說,無論哪種句式,我們都要在心里默念尋找動(dòng)詞這個(gè)原則,以模糊匹配的方式來對(duì)應(yīng)最有意義的那個(gè)動(dòng)詞,進(jìn)而確認(rèn)動(dòng)詞之前的主語和動(dòng)詞之后的賓語或表語。

一個(gè)句子之所以能夠拉長(zhǎng),除了在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中加上許多修飾成分之外,還有可能是長(zhǎng)出了枝干—也就是加了從句,或者是由連詞和平衡結(jié)構(gòu)把若干簡(jiǎn)單句合并在了一起。雅思長(zhǎng)難句最頻繁出現(xiàn)的情況包括如下幾種:

定語從句:that, which(介詞+which), who,…

狀語從句:v+ing

尋找平衡結(jié)構(gòu):三大連詞 and/or/but,

not only…but also…

not…but…

no more/longer/less …than

as…as

not so …as… . . .

還有一種特殊主系表值得單獨(dú)說一說:

There be句型:尋找中心詞

這個(gè)句型之所以特殊,是因?yàn)橄祫?dòng)詞和表語都已經(jīng)以倒裝的形式給出來了,欠缺的只是一個(gè)主語中心詞而已,因此我們看到了there be開頭的句子,一定先集中精力尋找到那個(gè)中心點(diǎn)。此外,這個(gè)句子是一些同學(xué)在雅思作文考場(chǎng)上易犯錯(cuò)誤的地方。在時(shí)間緊迫的壓力下,可能會(huì)有同學(xué)不自覺地受到了中文思維的影響,寫出諸如“There are many people do something.”此類的句子,如果在模擬考試的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己曾經(jīng)犯過這類筆誤,建議大家在考場(chǎng)上給自己留出1、2分鐘的檢查時(shí)間來。檢查方法也很簡(jiǎn)單,把there be兩個(gè)詞遮住,如果剩下的部分還能讀出一個(gè)完整的句子來,則原本的句子必定是有問題的,可以迅速把there be這兩個(gè)詞擦掉。

除了be動(dòng)詞外,還有一些there be形式的變體:

There come/comes/came

There appear/appears/appeared

There emerge/emerges/emerged

There may/might be

There can/could be

There happen to be

There used to be

There is/are going to be

其中后兩個(gè)句子中說到的情況一定是不存于當(dāng)下的,在判斷題(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)中容易被揪出來做文章,出題思路是細(xì)節(jié)不一致的類型,答案多為FALSE。

結(jié)合講解的部分,有時(shí)間的同學(xué)可以練習(xí)一下快速理解以下這些來自劍橋考題當(dāng)中的長(zhǎng)難句,試著找出句子的主干:

1. There are examples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revived by later generations. (4A0201)

2. In New Zealand, classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language. (4A0201)

3. The former US policy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. (4A0201)

4. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. (4A0201)

5. However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop. (3A0101)

6. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. (4A0201)

7. In the Native American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying.(4A0201)

8. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one. (4A0403)

9. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective. (4A0403)

10. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. (4A0403)

11. The spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. (3A0202)

12. Animals at play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviour is not really in earnest. (4A0203)

13. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “l(fā)eader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. (5A0102)

14. How can we possily account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative “teachers” actually do in the laboratory of real life? (5A0102)

15. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways. (5A0102)

16. Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. (5A0403)

17. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth.(5A0403)

18. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors’ marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material. (5A0201)

19. The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. (4A0101)

20. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (4A0101)

21. Never before has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. (4A0201)

22. Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe. (3A0101)

23. Life itself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. (3A0302)

24. There is clear-cut evidence that, for a period of at least one year, supervision which increases the direct pressure for productivity can achieve significant increases in production. However, such short-term increases are obtained only at a substantial and serious cost to the organisation. (3A0403)

25. Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as diaposable is, elsewhere, recycled and reused. (3A0301)

26. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (4A0101)

27. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.

28. Take the exercise theory. (4A0203)



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