托福聽力如何提升辨音能力
托福聽力如何提升辨音能力?這2個實用方法分享給你。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃淇既绾翁嵘磻?yīng)速度，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力如何提升辨音能力?這2個實用方法分享給你
托福聽力備考需要練好辨音能力
托福聽力的境界有高下之分，剛開始的時候，大家基本都是一個單詞一個單詞地去聽，然后慢慢地可以一個意群一個意群地去聽，再后來，可以一個句子一個句子地去聽。當然，到了一定境界，你就會忘記你聽到的是英語，而進入耳朵的只是一個一個的意思，這就像你聽漢語一樣，我們從來不去想“我正在聽漢語”。這是一種水到渠成的境界。如果你達到了這種境界，那么托福聽力立刻就成了極其簡單的考試。但是，對于一個跟著中國的中學(xué)教育、大學(xué)教育，然后考過四六級的人來說，英語聽力往往是達不到這種境界的。所以，在準備托福聽力的時候，我們首先要做的功課，那就是解決對英語的辨音能力。辨音能力指的是聽到一個單詞能反應(yīng)出它的意思，讓它成為你的聽覺詞匯。
效升托福聽力辨音能力方法介紹
提升托福聽力的辨音能力最有效的兩個方法：一是聽寫，二是精聽：
1. 聽寫
聽寫指的是將一篇聽力錄音中的原文全部聽抄下來。對于準備托福考試的考生而言，最好的聽寫材料就是托福聽力的各種段子素材。聽寫能最有效的檢驗和提高一個人的辨音能力，聽寫之后對照正確文本，反復(fù)再聽，直到可以全部聽清楚為止，這是聽力辨音能力提高最有效的方法之一。
2. 精聽
精聽指的是一邊看著正確的文本一邊聽錄音，聽的時候要劃出自己不熟悉的單詞，在第一遍錄音結(jié)束后查單詞，然后再反復(fù)聽，直到可以脫稿聽為止。精聽最適合的材料是SSS(Scientific American’s Sixty-second Science)，因為它非常短，只有一分鐘，但信息量很大，更重要的是，它是托福聽力出題的重要來源。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：全球荒野面積減少
Only about 23 percent of the world's land area is still what you'd call wilderness—where indigenous people, wildlife, plants and microbes get a chance to live with little or no disturbance from large human populations. But even that current figure of 23 percent is down by a tenth in just the last couple of decades. Which translates into an area the size of Alaska being converted away from wilderness since the 1990s. That's according to a study in the journal Current Biology that was also announced at the just completed Honolulu meeting of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
The research found that the regions that suffered the biggest wilderness losses were South America and Central Africa. South America lost almost a third of its wilderness while Africa's is down about 14 percent.
James Watson is the lead author of the study. He's with the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Queensland—he's no relation to the more famous DNA double helix James Watson.
In the journal article he and his colleagues write: "The continued loss of wilderness areas is a globally significant problem with largely irreversible outcomes for both humans and nature: if these trends continue, there could be no globally significant wilderness areas left in less than a century. Proactively protecting the world's last wilderness areas is a cost-effective conservation investment and our best prospect for ensuring that intact ecosystems and large-scale ecological and evolutionary processes persist for the benefit of future generations." And future generations includes both the organisms in the remaining wilderness—and us.
世界上只有23%的土地仍可被稱為荒野，在那里，土著、野生動物、植物和微生物有機會生活在一個很少或沒有人干擾的地方。但即使是目前這23%的占比在過去二十年里也減少了十分之一。上世紀90年代以來，相當于阿拉斯加大小的荒野面積損失。這是一篇發(fā)表在《當代生物學(xué)》期刊上的研究報告得出的結(jié)論，該研究成果在剛剛結(jié)束的國際自然保護聯(lián)盟火奴魯魯會議上宣布。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，荒野損失最嚴重的地區(qū)是南美洲和中非。南美洲損失了近30%的荒野，而非洲則減少了14%的荒野。
詹姆斯·沃森是這項研究的主要作者。他在野生動物保護協(xié)會和昆士蘭大學(xué)工作，大家可能知道DNA雙螺旋的發(fā)現(xiàn)者詹姆斯·沃森，不過我們這里提到的并不是同一個人。
他和他的同事在期刊文獻中寫道：“荒野地區(qū)的持續(xù)損失是全球性的重要問題，對人類和自然造成的影響在很大程度上是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的：如果這種趨勢繼續(xù)下去，不出一個世紀的時間，具有全球性重要意義的荒野地區(qū)可能將不復(fù)存在。積極保護世界上最后的荒野地區(qū)是具有成本效益的重大投資，也是我們確保完整生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的最好前景，同時讓大規(guī)模的生態(tài)進化過程為后代造福?！边@里的后代既包括現(xiàn)存荒野中的生物，也包括我們?nèi)祟悺?/p>
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：光子芯片增加智能手機加密力度
Today's cars have loads of computer smarts built in. Like the chips that allow you, with the push of a button to unlock your car. And as new cars move down the assembly line, automakers program those functions into the car.
"They produce one car and they program a cryptographic secret in it, in order to secure it against thieves." Timo Kasper, a cryptographer and engineer at the security and IT consulting company Kasper & Oswald. "Then comes the next car on the production line and they put the same secrets into the second car. And then comes the third car on the production line and they again put the same secrets into this car. And they repeat this process for millions of cars in the world. And now millions of cars in the world share the same cryptographic secret. Of course, this secret is not so well protected anymore, because it's in every of these million cars, and in every remote control. And this is of course a typical example of how to not do it."
And yet, he says that's exactly how the Volkswagen Group did do it, for many cars manufactured in the last 20 years. Kasper and his colleagues decoded that shared cryptographic secret by studying the design and operation of chips from VW Group cars and remotes. After hacking the hardware, they were easily able to eavesdrop on and decrypt unlocking signals, clone the remote control and unlock cars. They presented the details August 12th at the USENIX Security Symposium, in Austin, Texas.
Kasper says VW is aware of the problem—and they're not alone. "This is not a VW bug but this is a red line, as we Germans say, through all the automotive industry." In fact, in the same study, they showed that another encryption system used by many other brands, including Ford, Chevy, Nissan and Mitsubishi, has a weak cryptographic algorithm—which, again, allowed the team to break into more than a dozen cars.
Bottom line? It's easier to hack into cars than many drivers might have imagined. So if you want to avoid eavesdropping, the researchers recommend simply ditching remote controls and cryptography, and just go back to the good old metal key.
現(xiàn)在的汽車配備了大量電腦智能系統(tǒng)。比如芯片，讓你可以一按按鈕就打開車門。新車從裝配線下線時，汽車制作商就已經(jīng)將這些功能編入汽車。
“汽車制造商每生產(chǎn)一輛汽車，就會在車內(nèi)編寫一個加密程序，目的是確保汽車可以防盜?！钡倌たㄋ圭晔强ㄋ圭旰蛫W斯瓦爾德安全信息咨詢公司的密碼學(xué)家兼工程師?！叭缓笤谏a(chǎn)下一輛車時，他們會在這輛車上裝上同樣的密碼系統(tǒng)。在生產(chǎn)第三輛車時，他們會再次裝上同樣的密碼系統(tǒng)。他們在全球數(shù)百萬輛車上重復(fù)這一過程。現(xiàn)在全世界有數(shù)百萬輛汽車擁有同樣的加密程序。當然，這個密碼系統(tǒng)不再受到較好的保護，因為在這數(shù)百萬輛車中，每輛車、每個遙控裝置中都有這一密碼系統(tǒng)。這當然是個應(yīng)該避免的典型的例子。”
他表示，大眾汽車就在對過去20年間生產(chǎn)的汽車上進行了上述操作。卡斯珀和同事們通過研究大眾汽車和其遙控裝置的芯片，解碼了車輛共享的密碼系統(tǒng)。在入侵硬件之后，他們很容易能夠竊聽和解密釋放信號，克隆遙控裝置解鎖汽車。8月12日，他們在得克薩斯州奧斯汀舉行的USENIX安全研討會上公布了具體的信息。
卡斯珀表示。大眾公司已經(jīng)意識到了這個問題——意識到問題的不僅僅是大眾公司。“這不是大眾的漏洞，就如我們德國人描述的那樣，這是整個汽車行業(yè)的紅線。實際上，在同一個研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)福特、雪弗蘭、尼桑、三菱等其他品牌使用的加密算法也有紕漏，這使研究團隊再一次成功解鎖了10多輛汽車。
底線?入侵解鎖汽車比許多司機想的更容易。如果你想避免被竊聽的話，研究人員建議，只要不使用遙控和加密裝置，重新使用傳統(tǒng)的金屬鑰匙就可以了。
重點講解：
1. in order to 為了;以便;目的在于;
例句：She stepped forward in order to see clearly.
她向前走了一步以便能看得更清楚。
2. eavesdrop on 偷聽;竊聽;
例句：German hacker claims to have cracked the encryption that protects most cellphone calls, potentially paving the way for others to eavesdrop on conversations.
一名德國黑客聲稱po解了保護大部分手機通話的加密編碼，使竊聽他人手機通話成為可能。
3. be aware of 注意到的;察覺到的;意識到的;
例句：John has been aware of having done something wrong.
約翰已意識到自己做錯了事情。
4. break into 強行進入;闖入;
例句：They break into computers and break the phone system. Real hackers call these people crackers and want nothing to do with them.
他們?nèi)肭蛛娔X，破壞電話系統(tǒng)。真正的黑客叫這些人駭客，而且不想與他們扯上邊。
5. hack into (尤指為獲取機密信息)侵入，非法進入(他人的計算機系統(tǒng));
例句：There is no doubt that it is a criminal offence to hack into others' computers and get secret data .
毫無疑問，非法侵入他人電腦獲取機密資料是刑事犯罪。
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