托福聽(tīng)力做筆記效率如何提升

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托福聽(tīng)力做筆記效率如何提升?實(shí)用縮寫(xiě)法讓速記更給力,今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽(tīng)力做筆記效率如何提升 ,希望能夠幫助到到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

托福聽(tīng)力做筆記效率如何提升?實(shí)用縮寫(xiě)法讓速記更給力

一、 縮略詞

英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中縮略詞使用的頻率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很顯然如果能熟練掌握縮略詞,會(huì)對(duì)考試大有裨益。

縮略詞的寫(xiě)法一般為四種方式:

F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard

RCV: receive

F保留前幾個(gè)字母INFO : information INS : insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU

In stead of I/O

F保留開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾個(gè)發(fā)音字母 WK: week RM: room

PL: people

F根據(jù)發(fā)音 R :are THO: though THRU: through 縮略詞 原詞APT :Apartment ACC: Accountant ACDG :According ACPT: Accept AD :Advertisement ADS :Address ADV: Advice AMAP :As much/many as possible AMT: Amount APV :Approve ASAP :As soon as possible BAL :Balance BLDG :Building CERT Certificate CFM :Conform CNCL :Cancel CNF: Conference CMI :Commission CMP :Complete CMPE :Compete/competitive CMU :Communication CONC :Concern/concerning/concerned COND :Condition CO. :Company DEPT: Department DISC :Departure EXCH: Exchange EXPLN: Explain EXT: Extent FLT :Final FRT: Freight FYR :For your reference GD :Good GUAR :Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO :Information IMPS :Impossible IMP(T): Important INCD :Include INDIV :Individual INS: Insurance INTST :Interested I/O :In stead of IOU :I owe you IVO: In view of MANUF :Manufacture MDL :Model MEMO :Memorandum MGR :Manger MIN :Minimum MKT :Market MSG :Message NCRY :Necessary NLT :No later than OBS :Observe OBT :Obtain ORD :Ordinary PAT :Patent PC :Piece PKG :Packing PL :People PLS :Please POSN: Position POSS(BL): Possible PROD: Product QLTY: Quality QUTY: Quantity RCV: Receive REF :Reference REGL :Regular REP :Representative RESN: Reservation RPT :Repeat RESPON :Responsible SEC: Section SITN :Situation STD :Standard TEL :Telephone TEMP :Temporary TGM :Telegraph THO :Though TKS :Thanks TRD :Trade TRF: Traffic TTL :Total U :You UR :Your WK :Week WL :Will WT :Weight XL: Extra large

二、 字母、圖像

Z: 表示"人"people/person,因?yàn)?quot;Z"看上去像個(gè)人頭,它通常被寫(xiě)在一個(gè)詞或符號(hào)的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ。 C: 表示政府,統(tǒng)治:government,govern 希臘字母C讀/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C來(lái)表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示為 CZ P: 表示政治:politics, political希臘字母P讀/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示為 PZ E: 表示總數(shù):total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)表示總值。 G: 表示效率:efficient, effective。G為效率符號(hào)。 Q: 表示"通貨膨脹":inflation因?yàn)檫@個(gè)符號(hào)酷似一個(gè)上升的氣球。 A: 表示農(nóng)業(yè): agriculture. agriculture經(jīng)常用到,所以用首字母代替。 B:表示商業(yè):business。 C×表示沖突,矛盾:conflict, confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反對(duì),字母"C"將反對(duì)的概念縮小為conflict 和 confrontation。 W:表示工作,職業(yè): work, employ 等。它是work的第一個(gè)字母。所以WZ就可以用來(lái)表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。 i:表示工業(yè): industry, industrial 字母i 像只煙囪,所以用來(lái)可以用來(lái)表示工業(yè)。 U:U看酷似一個(gè)酒杯,在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議(treaty, agreement)一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會(huì)表示"舉杯祝賀"。如果在U內(nèi)填入2×.×.×.×,就可以表示為bilateral(雙邊的), 填入3表示為trilateral(三邊的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(單邊主義),填入m (multiple) 表示多邊主義。如果在U上加一個(gè)"/"×.×.×.×表示談判破裂。

O:表示"國(guó)家"、"民族"、"領(lǐng)土"等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示進(jìn)口,Og表示出口

這個(gè)符號(hào)酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主辦:chair, host, preside over。那么在此符號(hào)上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.

T:表示"領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示為 CT ⊙:圓圈表示一個(gè)圓桌,中間一點(diǎn)表示一盆花,這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示會(huì)議、開(kāi)會(huì)等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium k:這個(gè)符號(hào)看上像條魚(yú),所以表示"捕魚(yú)業(yè)"等合fishery 有關(guān)的詞匯。 O:圓圈代表地球,橫線(xiàn)表示赤道,所以這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示國(guó)際的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc. J:表示開(kāi)心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc. L:表示不滿(mǎn)、生氣unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc. EO:表示聽(tīng)到、總所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc. O:表示漠不關(guān)心、無(wú)動(dòng)于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc

三、 數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)+ 表示"多"

many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2) 表示"多"的比較級(jí):more +3 表示"多"的最高級(jí):most - 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. × 表示"錯(cuò)誤"、"失誤"和"壞"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc. > 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc. < 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc. 表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc. = 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc. 表示"對(duì)手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示"在......之間":among, within, etc. ≠ 表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc. 表示"無(wú)敵"概念:matchless, peerless, etc. ~ 表示"大約"概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc. / 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.

四、 標(biāo)點(diǎn)等

表示各種各樣"說(shuō)"的動(dòng)詞:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. ? 表示"問(wèn)題":question,issue,例如:臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題:tw? . (dot) 這個(gè)"."點(diǎn)的位置不同表示的概念也不一樣".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示為"wk." ∧ 表示轉(zhuǎn)折 √ 表示"好的"狀態(tài),right/good,famous/well-known,etc. 表示"同意"狀態(tài),stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. ☆ 表示"重要的"狀態(tài):important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc. n 表示"交流"狀態(tài):exchange,mutual, etc. & 表示"和","與":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc. ∥ 表示"結(jié)束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.

五、 較長(zhǎng)單詞的處理辦法

-ism 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為 m 例如:socialism Sm -tion 簡(jiǎn) 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為 n 例如:standardization (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化) stdn -cian 簡(jiǎn) 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為 o 例如:technician techo

-ing 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為 g 例如:marketing (市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)) MKTg

托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)對(duì)照文本

Welcome to Everglades National Park.

歡迎來(lái)到Everglades國(guó)家公園

The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife.

Everglades是一個(gè)被鋸齒草覆蓋著的濕潤(rùn)的平原,是許多種植物和野生動(dòng)植物的故鄉(xiāng)。

At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling.

因?yàn)?50萬(wàn)英畝(大小),它太大了而不能今天都看完,但是這次旅行將會(huì)提供你一個(gè)好的樣本。

Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough.

我們的旅游巴士將首先停在Taylor Slough

This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades.

這是一個(gè)開(kāi)始的好地方,因?yàn)檫@里是許多同Everglades有關(guān)系的動(dòng)植物的故鄉(xiāng)。

You'll see many exotic birds, and, of course, our world famous alligators.

你將會(huì)見(jiàn)到許多奇異的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi),當(dāng)然還有,我們世界聞名的短吻鱷

Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance.

不用擔(dān)心,有一條木板路穿過(guò)沼澤,所以你可以從一個(gè)安全的距離向下看動(dòng)物。

The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie.

木板路高到足以給你一個(gè)很棒的鋸齒草大草原的景觀(guān)。

From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life.

從那里我們將去向另一些濕地乃至叢林似的以美好的熱帶叢林植物為特色的區(qū)域

For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here.

對(duì)于你們誰(shuí)喜歡鋸齒草大草原近距離景觀(guān)的,你們應(yīng)該考慮在你們參觀(guān)的期間租一個(gè)獨(dú)木舟

However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass.

然而,別這么做,除非你有非常好的方向感,并且能夠穿過(guò)長(zhǎng)草找到你的路

We'd hate to have to come looking for you.

我們痛恨不得不來(lái)尋找你

You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit.

你們冬季在這里是很幸運(yùn)的—一年中最好的時(shí)間來(lái)游覽

During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about to eat you alive!

在春夏期間,蚊子將會(huì)活生生的吃了你。

Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.

現(xiàn)在它們還沒(méi)那么令人討厭,但是你將仍然會(huì)想要使用驅(qū)蟲(chóng)劑的

托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)對(duì)照文本

Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survival in Outer Space."

謝謝。見(jiàn)到你們這么多人對(duì)“生存在外層空間”這個(gè)系列感興趣真是太棒了。

Please excuse the cameras, we're being videotaped for the local TV stations.

請(qǐng)?jiān)忂@些攝像機(jī),我們正在為地方電視臺(tái)錄像。

Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit.

今晚我將要談?wù)撽P(guān)于最基本的生存方面——宇航服

When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind, right?

當(dāng)你們中的大多數(shù)人想象一個(gè)宇航員的時(shí)候,那個(gè)可能是腦子里首先要想到的,對(duì)嗎?

Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space.

好,沒(méi)有宇航服,對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)生存在太空中是不可能的。

For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode.

舉例來(lái)說(shuō),外層空間是一個(gè)真空空間——沒(méi)有重力和氣壓;沒(méi)有防護(hù)的話(huà),人體將會(huì)爆炸。

What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit.

更重要的是,從酷熱的零上300華氏度到冰冷的零下300華氏度的溫度范圍里,我們會(huì)在陽(yáng)關(guān)下被烤熟或者在陰影下被冰封

The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel.

NASA研制出的的宇航服真是個(gè)奇跡

This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission.

這張放大的照片是個(gè)與實(shí)物大小一樣的,一件真正的被宇航員在最近一次航天飛機(jī)任務(wù)中穿過(guò)的圖像

This part is the torso.

這個(gè)部分是軀干。

It’s made of seven extremely durable layers.

它是由七個(gè)極其耐用的層次制成的

This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation.

這個(gè)厚厚的隔離層防御了極端溫度和輻射。

Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure.

下一個(gè)是所謂的氧氣囊,那是一個(gè)可充氣的囊,充滿(mǎn)了氧氣,用來(lái)模擬大氣壓強(qiáng)。

This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level.

這個(gè)囊狀物壓在皮膚上,帶著同樣的力量,就像地球空氣在海平面上一樣。

The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation.

最內(nèi)層提供了液體冷卻和通風(fēng)設(shè)備。

Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work.

盡管有所有這些層,宇航服是有靈活性的,允許自由運(yùn)動(dòng),所以我們能夠工作。

Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet.

另一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的宇航服的部分是頭盔

I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?

我?guī)Я艘粋€(gè)過(guò)來(lái)展示給你們。我能找個(gè)志愿者過(guò)來(lái)演示一下嗎?

托福聽(tīng)力練習(xí)對(duì)照文本

Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program.

晚上好,我的名字叫Pam Jones,代表現(xiàn)代舞俱樂(lè)部,我想歡迎大家來(lái)到今晚的節(jié)目。

The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet.

本俱樂(lè)部很榮幸地介紹Catherine Wheel(凱薩琳車(chē)輪)的電視版,Twyla Tharp的搖滾芭蕾舞。

This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production.

這個(gè)芭蕾舞的視頻版在觀(guān)眾中甚至已獲得比原始的劇場(chǎng)作品更大的成功。

It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.

它包括了一些動(dòng)畫(huà),慢動(dòng)作,和靜止動(dòng)作等能真正幫助觀(guān)眾理解舞蹈。

The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D.

這個(gè)作品的名字指的是Saint Catherine(圣凱瑟琳),她于公元307年死于一個(gè)輪子上

Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework.

現(xiàn)如今,Catherine Wheel也是一種煙火(轉(zhuǎn)輪煙火)

It looks something like a pinwheel.

它看起來(lái)像某種轉(zhuǎn)輪焰火。

Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks!

不管怎樣,該舞蹈確實(shí)充滿(mǎn)了焰火!

You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life.

你將會(huì)看到Twyla Tharp是如何探究一個(gè)家庭在現(xiàn)代生活中面對(duì)暴力的嘗試

The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy.

作品的核心象征是一個(gè)菠蘿,但是究竟它代表了什么一直引起諸多爭(zhēng)議

As you watch, see if you can figure it out.

當(dāng)你們觀(guān)看的時(shí)候,看看你們能否弄明白

The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music.

這篇作品的配樂(lè)充滿(mǎn)了搖滾樂(lè)的節(jié)奏能量

It was composed by David Byrne.

由David Byrne作曲,

Of the rock band Talking Heads?

(David Byrne)貌似是來(lái)自搖滾樂(lè)隊(duì)Talking Heads?

And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography.

這個(gè)版本的領(lǐng)舞是Sara Rudner,她完全適合Tharp的大膽的編舞

Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used.

伴隨著視頻,舞蹈老師Mary Parker將會(huì)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)關(guān)于Ms. Tharp所用的象征主義的討論。

We hope you can stay for that.

我們希望你們能夠?yàn)榇硕粝?/p>

So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.

那么,享受今晚的視頻,并且感謝大家的支持


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