雅思口語考官系列之這些口語潛規(guī)則你必須知道

　　諸位“烤鴨”們?nèi)绻幌氡粷撘?guī)則的話，就必須首先明白這些不成文的規(guī)則(rule)到底是什么。今天小編給大家?guī)砹恕⊙潘伎谡Z考官系列之這些口語潛規(guī)則，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

　　雅思口語考官系列之這些口語潛規(guī)則你必須知道!

　　潛規(guī)則一：不能只說Sorry

　　謙虛(modesty)是中國人的傳統(tǒng)(traditional)美德，影響(influence)并反映在每一個(gè)中國人身上。時(shí)至今日還有不少人在奉行著孔子在兩千多年前的信條(belief)：“知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也?！边@固然是一種優(yōu)點(diǎn)(advantage)，但在實(shí)際操作的時(shí)候還要講求方法(method)。拿雅思口語考試來說，如果(if)考生不認(rèn)識或聽不懂考題中的某個(gè)單詞(word)，他們完全有權(quán)利(right)來問考官，而且不會被扣分。關(guān)鍵在于怎么問(how to ask)—假如你只是說一句Sorry或Sorry, I don’t know，給考官的印象(impression)就是你缺乏最基本的(basic)社交能力(social ability)，甚至是一種不禮貌(impolite)、不友好的(unfriendly)態(tài)度(attitude)，此類考生一定會被潛規(guī)則掉(即落入最多5分的范圍)。相反，如果你說“Sorry, what does this word mean?”或“Sorry, what does that mean?”或“Sorry, could you please explain this word to me?”，那是完全可以被接受的(accepted)問話方式(way)。因此，考生在碰到生詞(new word)或聽不懂某個(gè)單詞的意思(meaning)時(shí)，第一，切莫慌張(因?yàn)槁牪欢呛苷５氖?;第二;一定要使用得體的語言(language)來詢問考官，千萬不能只說一聲Sorry!

　　潛規(guī)則二：話語中一定要有something original

　　先問一個(gè)常識性的問題(question)，希望大家能不加思考地回答我：如果你是一位雅思口語考官，每次考試要接待30個(gè)考生，而每次問到food時(shí)，30個(gè)人都會異口同聲地說delicious;每次問到What do you think of Shanghai?時(shí)，30個(gè)人的開場白都是Shanghai is a beautiful city …，這時(shí)你會有怎樣的感受(feeling)和心情(mood)?拿費(fèi)聞立的話來說，“You will be bored to death!”(你會郁悶到死!)直白地說(frankly)，考官也是人啊，也有人的所有感情及情緒啊，每天都聽到delicious, beautiful, important, international這些陳詞濫調(diào)，不煩悶才怪呢!因此(therefore)，費(fèi)考官強(qiáng)烈建議(suggest)考生：You must say something original and don’t say “beautiful” all the time. 也就是說，在考官心目中，原創(chuàng)的精神(original spirit)比什么都重要，再好的詞匯、再優(yōu)美的語言，一旦成了人人口中的陳詞濫調(diào)或“口水話”(英文叫cliché)，就比任何東西都要糟糕(worse)。就剛才的food問題，我們完全可以說fantastic, incredible, marvelous等表示贊賞的詞，而談到對Shanghai的看法，情愿用Shanghai is a great city這種更簡單的語言來避免機(jī)械化的套路。說到原創(chuàng)精神的培養(yǎng)(training)，一是多開發(fā)點(diǎn)同義詞和近義詞，來替代原來的cliché;二是多與外教交流(communicate)，及時(shí)注意他們在用詞方面的原創(chuàng)之處。比如老外絕對不會去說learn knowledge，而有一次我聽到一位外教說recipients of knowledge(知識的接受者)，我就趕緊記下來，日后可以為我所用。

　　潛規(guī)則三：最恨兩樣?xùn)|西 — generalized & memorized

　　在感覺與費(fèi)聞立先生熟絡(luò)了之后，并發(fā)現(xiàn)他的話匣子已經(jīng)打開，我就單刀直入地問他，“What do you hate most in a candidate’s response?”略加思索(consideration)后，他直言不諱地告訴我，他最恨兩樣?xùn)|西，一個(gè)是過于籠統(tǒng)抽象的回答(generalized response)，另一個(gè)是死記硬背的答案(memorized answer)，并坦白地說，一旦他發(fā)現(xiàn)有這種傾向性(inclination)，會立即糾正(correct)或警告(warn)考生，而如果考生繼續(xù)一意孤行的話，就把他們直接“打入地獄”。通常的做法是bring them back to a narrower topic或者interrupt their memorized answer and ask them a very different question，由此可見考官對整個(gè)考試的操作靈活度是相當(dāng)大的，也同時(shí)對各位考生提出了一種警示(warning)：膽敢用事先背好的答案在資深考官面前“耍大刀”無異于在玩一場極其危險(xiǎn)的游戲(dangerous game)，而該游戲的最終失敗者還是你自己!在此給出專家的建議(suggestion form experts)：背誦一些優(yōu)秀的答案的確是有助益的(helpful)，但需要注意兩點(diǎn)，一是盡量把memorized answer內(nèi)化，即變成你思想的一部分或你自己平時(shí)講話的一部分;二是在背誦(reciting)之后，至少要能用三種不同的方式來復(fù)述(retell)一遍。能做到這兩條的考生就能把memorization變作一件有意義的(meaningful)事情!

　　潛規(guī)則四：我們的彈性很足!

　　這是費(fèi)聞立的原話，“We can use a lot of flexibility in the exam?！焙髞碜屑?xì)聽下來，發(fā)現(xiàn)這種彈性對于考生來說，既有有利的地方，也有不利之處。舉例來說，在Part 2有道題目是Describe a structure that you like，在老外的生活常識里面，structure一般是指一種人工建筑(樓房、大廈或像長城那樣的土木工程)，但如果某位考生不太理解這一點(diǎn)，而去描述了the structure of a company，費(fèi)聞立說那也無可厚非，考生可以靈活理解某個(gè)單詞的含義，考官也同樣應(yīng)該靈活接受考生的這種變通。接下來我又問他，在Part 2的描述題中有三個(gè)小問題，考生是否需要一絲不茍地一一進(jìn)行回答，以及萬一漏掉了會不會扣分。費(fèi)考官說，“I don’t care if they answer all the three questions or not, as long as they stay on the topic. These little questions are just a guide, and candidates are allowed to talk about something else within the topic?！睋Q言之，考官不會在意你是否老老實(shí)實(shí)地把描述題中的所有小問題都予以回答，他關(guān)注的是你有沒有能力進(jìn)行長達(dá)2分鐘的細(xì)節(jié)描述、描述的生動性和可信性、以及你的用詞變化。

　　但考官的彈性不一定都是一件好事—如果你是一位優(yōu)秀的(excellent)考生，口語也達(dá)到了一定的水準(zhǔn)，那么考官會在Part 3的問答中reword the questions to make it more difficult(通過改變措詞來加大問題的難度)，而改變的方法往往是increase the difficulty of vocabulary，比如通常的一個(gè)問題是What are the advantages and disadvantages of a strong family relationship? 但經(jīng)過考官的一番改裝之后，變成了What are some of the pros and cons of a strong family bond? 顯然，這種彈性是大多數(shù)考生不愿看到的，但現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是：越是高端的考生越需要做好考官萬一換詞的心理準(zhǔn)備(preparation)，也只有經(jīng)歷過并存活下來的考生才能獲取高分(high score)，正所謂“不入虎穴、焉得虎子!”

　　潛規(guī)則五：是生是死都在Part 3!

　　這絕對是令人感到震撼的一句話，就出自我面前的這位費(fèi)聞立先生之口。他說，我們絕大多數(shù)考官在長期接觸考生的過程中，已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了一種習(xí)慣：把Part 1看成只是warm-up，因?yàn)榭忌鷦側(cè)雸觯o張、忐忑、焦慮、惶恐等不良情緒都或多或少存在(exist)，所以Part 1的目的主要是打破考生心中的冰山，讓考生安定下來，以便達(dá)到后面的最佳狀態(tài)。

　　在Part 2中，由于不少中國考生備考非常認(rèn)真(serious)，對每種可能出現(xiàn)的描述題都準(zhǔn)備得很充分，即使是事先背出的答案也能說得十分自然流暢(fluent)，就像自己思考出來的那樣，因此考官很難確定是真是假。老外有一個(gè)很優(yōu)秀的傳統(tǒng)(tradition)：在無法判定善與惡、是與非、真與假、美與丑的情況下，寧可相信前者而非后者。很多老外也知道自己的這一軟肋，所以更傾向于把Part 2視為一個(gè)灰色地帶，一個(gè)緩沖區(qū)，一個(gè)可以從側(cè)面大致了解考生程度的考察部分，也就是說考生在Part 2的發(fā)揮優(yōu)異與否和最終的分?jǐn)?shù)關(guān)系不大，它并非真正的考驗(yàn)(test)。

　　費(fèi)聞立在會晤中不止一次地提到，只有Part 3才是決定考生命運(yùn)的一道關(guān)卡!作為整個(gè)口語考試中的最后一道防線，Part 3在所有考官心目中的份量重于泰山。拿費(fèi)先生的話來說，“It is the third part that’s really important?！痹谶@道生死關(guān)上，考官會想盡辦法讓你用creative thinking來進(jìn)行回答(answer)，而富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的(experienced)考官更會問一些“前無古人、后無來者”的問題，徹底顛覆你妄圖使用現(xiàn)成答案的幻想!道理很簡單(simple)，因?yàn)橹挥羞@樣，你的真實(shí)(true)水平才會在考官面前一覽無遺—他想看的就是這個(gè)。

　　會談時(shí)間只剩下最后5分鐘了，我趕忙拋出一個(gè)蓄謀已久的問題，“Can you give me an example of the most difficult questions in Part 3?”費(fèi)聞立會心一笑，給我舉了一個(gè)例子：Do you think all new homes will be equipped with household machines in the future?Why?并補(bǔ)充說，類似這樣的讓考生估測未來的考題屬于Part 3中的高難題，或許會成為很多考官的一個(gè)殺手锏(我相信他自己也肯定包括在內(nèi)，呵呵)。因此，提議：雅思口語備考的70%以上的精力都必須用在Part 3上，只有把這一部分補(bǔ)足才是真正的強(qiáng)大，而其中“展望未來”、“利弊對比”、“事物差異”“今昔對比”等題型是難中之難，希望各位考生打起十二分的精神來應(yīng)對(deal with)它們。

　　雅思寫作思路之博物館還是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更有價(jià)值

　　2014年8月雅思寫作預(yù)測題目：博物館還是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更能獲取有價(jià)值信息。Some people believe that to improve public health, we should increase the number of sports facilities; others believe that it has little effects and need other measures to improve it. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

　　博物館的作用

　　Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. But others think the purpose of museums is toeducate, not to entertain. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

　　支持前者

　　Museums hold a series of activities to interact with people, functioning as an option of relaxation.

　　The large number of tourists brings about income, which can be used to preserve cultural and historic heritage.

　　支持后者

　　Museums can help illustrate culture and history to native people, which is an important source of education.

　　Museum is a place to best represent the meaning of education: to inspire. The key purpose of museums and their related activities promote people’s interests and encourage them to learn voluntarily.

　　論據(jù)共享題

　　博物館還是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

　　In the past, important knowledge about culture and history was stored in museums. Nowadays, information is freely available on the Internet. Therefore, there is no longer any need for museums. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

　　雅思寫作思路及技巧之政府還是教師確定教學(xué)內(nèi)容

　　2014年8月雅思寫作預(yù)測題目：政府還是教師確定教學(xué)內(nèi)容。Some people think that the subjects and lesson contents for children should be decided by authorities, e.g. central government. Others think that teachers should decide these for students. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

　　支持前者

　　Authorities such as the central government can make more far--‐reaching decisions because they are clearer of the overall situation of a country than individual teachers.

　　The government is more capable of pooling maximum social resources and education experts to set up curriculum and to compose unified textbooks.

　　The opinions from individual teachers vary from person to person, which cannot guarantee the overall teaching outcomes. Even some teachers may convey overly subjective views to students.

　　支持后者

　　The more efficient we expect teaching to be, the more individualised it has to become, and only teachers who has rich practical experience know how to tell the real needs of every student, what advantages they have and what they are lack of

　　It is hardly feasible for the central government to take care of detail teaching contents, especially for big countries, and uniformed contents may end up being inappropriate, e.g. the different states in the USA lay more stress on their own historic account in textbooks; the regional gap in education level can be a headache for authorities.

　　Academics need the soil of freedom to thrive. If the central government conducted overly strict regulations, real academics would not survive.

　　論據(jù)共享題 同套路題

　　政府制定健康的生活方式

　　Some people think the government should act to decide how people live in order to make a healthier life. Others think individuals should decide their own lifestyle. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

　　雅思寫作思路之跨國公司與全球化的影響

　　2014年8月雅思寫作預(yù)測題目：跨國公司與全球化的影響。Some people think that the spreading multinational companies and the increasing globalisation produce positive effects to everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

　　支持正方

　　The large scale investment of foreign capitals develop local economy and provide a wealth of job opportunities, which in turn (從而), improves the living standard of local people. 外 企設(shè)立工廠

　　Under the circumstance of globalisation, people can widely extend their horizons, e.g. facebook, and benefit from internationally prevailing products, e.g. Microsoft and iPhone.

　　The trend also provides a solid base for mutual understanding among the variety of cultures and helps achieve a more thriving world, e.g. the opening policy of China to China’s entering WTO to China becoming a forceful engine to the global economy. 多元文化

　　支持反方

　　Powerful economies often monopolise markets in less developed countries and even conduct dumping (傾銷), e.g. genetically modified beans (轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆). 外企設(shè)立工廠

　　Many energy--‐consuming and pollution--‐triggering manufacturing industries are transferred

　　to underdeveloped countries, leading to the damage of local environment. 外企設(shè)立工廠

　　Taking advantage of widespread media such as films and Internet, some developed countries boast about the superiority of their own cultures, and cause the weakening of minor cultures, e.g. Hollywood superhero movies. 全球化媒體對本土文化的影響 ;多元文化 (主要強(qiáng)調(diào)文化同化 );國與國變得相似 (主要強(qiáng)調(diào)文化同化)

　　論據(jù)共享題

　　外企設(shè)立工廠

　　Some people think inviting large foreign companies to set up factories in developing countries is helpful for local economy, while others think that the foreign companies should not be allowed to build their factories in developing countries, instead, local companies should be encouraged in order to develop local economy. Discuss both these views and give you own opinion.

　　全球化媒體對本土文化的影響

　　Due to the increasing cultural and business communication between countries, differences between countries have become less evident. People in different countries watch the same movies, read the same books and have the same fashions. To what extent do the advantages of international media outweigh the disadvantages?

　　多元文化

　　Multicultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic groups, bring more benefits than drawbacks to a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

　　國與國變得相似

　　Due to the increasing cultural and business communication between countries, differences between countries have become less evident. People in different countries watch the same movies, read the same books and have the same fashions. To what extent do the advantages of international media outweigh the disadvantages?

　　In the past, buildings often reflected the culture of a society but today all modern buildings look alike and cities throughout the world are becoming more and more similar. What do you think is the reason for this, and is it a good thing or a bad thing?