如何在短期內(nèi)突破托福110
如何在短期內(nèi)突破托福110?詳解1個(gè)月托福備考計(jì)劃。今天小編給大家?guī)砣绾卧诙唐趦?nèi)突破托福110,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
如何在短期內(nèi)突破托福110?詳解1個(gè)月托福備考計(jì)劃
基本功
先談基本功，很多人一談基本功，就會(huì)認(rèn)為是背單詞。但其實(shí)除此之外，托?？荚嚮竟€包括對(duì)文章與段落的理解能力、聽力上接受長(zhǎng)段落英文信息的能力、用英語口頭表達(dá)自己思考內(nèi)容的能力。這些都需要大量而長(zhǎng)期的準(zhǔn)備與訓(xùn)練，比如精讀乃至背誦課文，各種精聽與泛聽練習(xí)，長(zhǎng)期使用英語口語去與人交流等等。
在基本功這個(gè)問題上要注意兩點(diǎn)：
第一，基本功的水平是決定最終分?jǐn)?shù)高低的一個(gè)重要因素。所以常見很多考生說自己隨便準(zhǔn)備一下乃至裸考都能100以上，這并非是吹噓，但很多人如法炮制，最后分?jǐn)?shù)卻遠(yuǎn)遜，問題就在于基本功的差異。
第二，基本功的訓(xùn)練是貫徹于考試始終的。備考沖刺階段同樣應(yīng)該重視基本功的訓(xùn)練，而不是只顧著做題而已。
而關(guān)于單詞，很多人會(huì)糾結(jié)于各種詞匯書的優(yōu)劣。但事實(shí)是，只要是正規(guī)出版的備考詞匯書，選擇任何一本對(duì)備考影響都不大。因?yàn)楫?dāng)背單詞進(jìn)入規(guī)律化和大量化之后，背單詞就會(huì)成為一種機(jī)械行為。每天背單詞的時(shí)候，你的腦海中只會(huì)思考“什么時(shí)候能把今天的任務(wù)背完?”而不是“這種逆序好像很好玩，這種按學(xué)科背單詞似乎很有趣”等等。
只是需要注意的是，目前市面通行的各本詞匯書都是以10年前的托福詞匯書為藍(lán)本編寫，那個(gè)年代的托?？忌蠖嗍峭ㄟ^大學(xué)英語6級(jí)，詞匯量在5500以上的大學(xué)生。大部分詞匯書的詞匯涵蓋范圍在8000左右，而書中的詞匯基本是5500-8000這一范圍內(nèi)。
但目前的托?？荚囍髁娭?，大部分是詞匯量3500左右的高中生，所以可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)背完托福詞匯書后有些基礎(chǔ)單詞還不認(rèn)識(shí)的現(xiàn)象。這種情況如果出現(xiàn)，可以考慮再買一本四級(jí)詞匯書作為補(bǔ)充。
做題
基本功談完了，接下來說做題。做題有幾個(gè)基本原則。
1.不要太早開始做題
因?yàn)槿说膽?yīng)考狀態(tài)是有周期的，太早做題，太早出現(xiàn)做題狀態(tài)，到了考前反而會(huì)沒了手感。很多中學(xué)生由于學(xué)校課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)問題，喜歡提早半年甚至一年開始準(zhǔn)備，每天花一點(diǎn)零散時(shí)間做做題。這種復(fù)習(xí)效果，是遠(yuǎn)不如考前集中一段時(shí)間大強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練的。
一般來說，集中做題從考前一個(gè)月左右開始就差不多了。
2.不要做太多
很多人在備考前，會(huì)把手上能找到的所有題目都給做了。但這樣一來，首先是每套題都不會(huì)做的很深入。第二是現(xiàn)在托?？荚嚧螖?shù)眾多，出國黨對(duì)金錢也基本沒有概念，所以托福多次刷分已經(jīng)成為風(fēng)氣。但如果一次考試就把題目全部做光，下次考試(或者下下次和下下下次)就會(huì)無題可做。
所以每次考前，找出10套題反復(fù)做即可。這樣在一個(gè)月的做題周期內(nèi)，差不多一套題可以做3遍，基本是比較合適的。
3.不要挑揀
很多人在考前做題的習(xí)慣是，閱讀猛練，聽力練練，作文能不練就不練，口語根本不練。這也是四個(gè)部分考試成績(jī)會(huì)有規(guī)律性差距的原因之一。但是，如果想沖級(jí)高分，四個(gè)部分是都必須要完整練習(xí)的，每天做題一定要一口氣做完，不要早晨閱讀下午聽力。而且，最好在考前每天能按照考試時(shí)間做題，每天從8點(diǎn)半做到12點(diǎn)，這對(duì)自己考試出狀態(tài)是非常有好處的。
托福各分項(xiàng)的專門性訓(xùn)練
1.托福閱讀部分
第一是閱讀。閱讀是四個(gè)科目中，難度相對(duì)最低的一項(xiàng)，也是中國考生平均分最高的一項(xiàng)。
閱讀的考前針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練主要包括兩項(xiàng)。一是對(duì)做過的每篇文章做精讀，要把其中的每個(gè)單詞每個(gè)句子都徹底搞懂。二是集中性的做錯(cuò)題。
閱讀到23分以后，一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)瓶頸期，在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)有無論如何練習(xí)分?jǐn)?shù)都很難提高的現(xiàn)象。這往往是某種特定題型或某種特定題材的文章做不好的緣故，把所有的錯(cuò)題集中了反復(fù)做，一般就會(huì)有改善。
除此之外，閱讀在做題中還會(huì)有幾個(gè)容易讓人糾結(jié)的問題。
(1)閱讀速度慢
速度慢的一個(gè)重要原因是基本功欠缺，比如單詞雖然背了但回憶時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)，比如對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句理解要花費(fèi)過多時(shí)間。這些問題只能靠前期的基本功培養(yǎng)和精讀來解決。而如果基本功過關(guān)，閱讀速度依然不夠，那么就是沒有養(yǎng)成在限定時(shí)間之內(nèi)讀完文章的習(xí)慣。這就需要自己做題時(shí)每天掐著表，要求自己必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)做完。保持這種嚴(yán)格限時(shí)狀態(tài)一段時(shí)間，等自己養(yǎng)成快速閱讀的習(xí)慣了，讀的速度自然就提高了。
(2)先讀題還是先讀文章
事實(shí)上，這一點(diǎn)其實(shí)并沒有太大影響。先讀題再去讀文章能夠加快一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)閱讀速度，但僅僅是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。所以先讀哪一部分根據(jù)自己喜好定就可以。我見過有同學(xué)的閱讀習(xí)慣甚至是，先讀第一段，然后做題，做到第一段讀的內(nèi)容解不了的題了，再回頭讀第二段。這些方法都沒所謂好壞，只要自己練的順手就好。
2.托?？谡Z和寫作
接下來說口語和寫作部分。這兩個(gè)部分由于考核方式很相似，所以可以放在一起?？谡Z和寫作在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，首要的原則是穩(wěn)小沖大。也就是說，口語的前2題和作文的獨(dú)立寫作部分要花大部分精力應(yīng)對(duì)，而后4題口語和綜合寫作完全考察的是聽和記的能力，平時(shí)只要每天練一套熟悉題型就行。而前2道口語題和獨(dú)立寫作部分，在開始每日一篇的練習(xí)之前，要自己分別搭建出一個(gè)能得到高分又涵蓋足夠篇幅的框架，或稱為模板，然后每天的做題就是學(xué)習(xí)如何往里去套用這個(gè)模板。這個(gè)模板并不是通常所謂的開頭結(jié)尾句，而是要盡量細(xì)化。
舉例來說，我自己在當(dāng)年備考時(shí)，有一個(gè)自己花了2星期寫出來的280單詞左右的模板。我寫任何一道作文題，這280個(gè)單詞都一模一樣。例如第一個(gè)主體段永遠(yuǎn)用數(shù)字論證，第二個(gè)主體段永遠(yuǎn)是“假設(shè)有個(gè)叫John的人”，等等。我在考前復(fù)習(xí)的三個(gè)月中，就使用這個(gè)模板寫了86篇作文。當(dāng)然，口語的準(zhǔn)備，也是一樣的道理。
3.托福聽力部分
四個(gè)科目最后說聽力。聽力的訓(xùn)練每天除了做題之外，可以算是四個(gè)科目中最需要訓(xùn)練基本功的?；竟τ?xùn)練的方法很多，比較常用的是聽寫和跟讀。
首先，聽寫的作用不是為了在練習(xí)中聽懂一篇文章。如果想聽懂一篇文章，最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法是看著聽力原文聽。但是看原文聽聽力，再難的文章只要詞匯過關(guān)也肯定沒問題，但其對(duì)聽力的提高作用就微乎其微了。
(1)練習(xí)自己抓聽力細(xì)節(jié)的能力
正確的聽寫方法是，每篇文章拆開，一句一句聽。一句話一遍寫不下來再倒回去放第二遍，反復(fù)放同一句話直到寫下來為止，接著再聽第二句話。試想，一個(gè)10個(gè)單詞的句子，你第一次聽如果寫下了其中3個(gè)詞，第二次的注意力就會(huì)自然集中在剩余的7個(gè)詞上。第二次寫出了7個(gè)詞中的2個(gè)，第三次注意力就會(huì)放到剩余的5個(gè)。這樣一來，自己對(duì)句子的細(xì)節(jié)就會(huì)摳得越來越細(xì)。很多人聽聽力的長(zhǎng)文章，總覺得大概意思能聽個(gè)囫圇，但具體到一詞一短語就聽不出來，這就是自己不具備摳細(xì)節(jié)的能力，而這就是聽寫所能改善的。
(2)找尋自己的聽力薄弱點(diǎn)
上面那段說了，每句話反復(fù)聽寫，一直到自己全寫下來為止。但真正去練習(xí)以后就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一定有一些內(nèi)容屬于無論如何反復(fù)聽都不明白是什么的，這些東西就是你的聽力薄弱點(diǎn)。自己這時(shí)候要針對(duì)這些薄弱點(diǎn)去分析聽不出來的原因是什么，是單詞、語音還是其它，然后針對(duì)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)練習(xí)，提高就快了。
(3)練習(xí)自己集中精神的習(xí)慣
聽聽力的時(shí)候會(huì)走神是一個(gè)常見現(xiàn)象，而一旦動(dòng)上筆，精神會(huì)自然更加集中，因?yàn)橐坏┓中木蜁?huì)寫不下去。只要精神集中程度提高了，聽力水平自然有所提高。
至于說跟讀，也是一個(gè)很好的聽力練習(xí)法，但在集中精神訓(xùn)練、找尋自己聽力弱點(diǎn)上效果不如聽寫。所以在我的課堂上，我都要求學(xué)生先練聽寫，等聽力水平已經(jīng)穩(wěn)固，并且聽寫練習(xí)進(jìn)入瓶頸期，感覺對(duì)聽力的提高已經(jīng)不明顯的時(shí)候，再去練跟讀。
最后得說點(diǎn)題外話，任何學(xué)習(xí)方法都不是完美的，但只要有很多人曾經(jīng)使用過，就證明這個(gè)方法一定有其作用。想去找一件事的錯(cuò)處比堅(jiān)持這件事要難得多，方法其實(shí)誰都會(huì)，差別只不過是能不能堅(jiān)持。成功的人往往都是在一種笨辦法上堅(jiān)持了下去，而不是整天自以為聰明地找什么效率高的捷徑。聽寫到底有沒有用，你不妨自己每天練2小時(shí)，堅(jiān)持一個(gè)星期，你自然會(huì)知道。
另外，聽力在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中，要盡量不使用耳機(jī)。因?yàn)槭褂猛夥湃ヂ犘Ч且榷鷻C(jī)差很多的，所以我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的訓(xùn)練中就反其道而行之，效果就會(huì)更好。這樣一來，備考中的第二項(xiàng)做題就講完了。
4.托福口語部分
口語和寫作的規(guī)律主要是自我模板的總結(jié)，上文已經(jīng)有了描述。而聽讀兩項(xiàng)，就主要涉及到所謂的解題技巧了。這里面包含的內(nèi)容很細(xì)碎，例如“聽力預(yù)測(cè)題答案一般在結(jié)尾且由提問對(duì)象的對(duì)立面提出”、“時(shí)間類細(xì)節(jié)基本考8不考9”?？孔约喝タ偨Y(jié)，說實(shí)話很難，如果不打算上課，那就多上上各種網(wǎng)站，遇到具體問題再問，可能可以解決一部分這方面的困擾。
最后要說：
任何考試的準(zhǔn)備，都需要長(zhǎng)期而穩(wěn)定的復(fù)習(xí)過程，問題標(biāo)題里的“快速達(dá)到110”，本來就是個(gè)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。從開始準(zhǔn)備到最后考試，一般沒有起碼3-4個(gè)月的復(fù)習(xí)周期，考出好成績(jī)的可能性是很小的。切記。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda,sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from theearly Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture ofalkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in thecommunities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed.
Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making eitherwould do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potashfrom those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlersof the North American continent.
The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy ofcolonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for theglassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity topermit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship toarrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making.
The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open,and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and waterwas poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. Theresulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash.
In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land foragriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recoveredby the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in theseventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly ofshipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade atJamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts to encourage the making of potash,beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of thesubstance.
1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How it was made
(B) Its value as a product for export
(C) How it differs from other alkalis
(D) Its importance in colonial North America
2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:
(A) They are alkalis.
(B) They are made from sea plants.
(C) They are used in making soap.
(D) They are used in making glass.
3. They phrase the latter in line 4 refers to
(A) alkali
(B) glass
(C) sand
(D) soap
4. The word stressed in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) defined
(B) emphasized
(C) adjusted
(D) mentioned
5. The word interchangeable in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) convenient
(B) identifiable
(C) equivalent
(D) advantageous
6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North
America because
(A) the materials needed for making soda were not readily available
(B) making potash required less time than making soda
(C) potash was better than soda for making glass and soap
(D) the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use
7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT
(A) wood
(B) fire
(C) sand
(D) water
8. The word adjunct in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) addition
(B) answer
(C) problem
(D) possibility
9. According to the passage , a major benefit of making potash was that
(A) it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods
(B) it helped finance the creation of farms
(C) it could be made with a variety of materials
(D) stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking
10. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems
for southern settles?
(A) The softwoods were not very plentiful.
(B) The softwoods could not be used to build houses.
(C) The softwoods were not very marketable.
(D) The softwoods were not very useful for making potash.
PASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABD
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland.
Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.
Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.
Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.
One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the
surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance
(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center
(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia
(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia
2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because
(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets
(B) the High Street Market was forced to close
(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population
(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.
3. The word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) tradition
(B) association
(C) produce
(D) region
4. The word it in line 6 refers to
(A) the crowded city
(B) a radius
(C) the High Street Market
(D) the period
5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) returned
(B) started
(C) declined
(D) continued
6. According to the passage , fairs in Philadelphia were held
(A) on the same day as market says
(B) as often as possible
(C) a couple of times a year
(D) whenever the government allowed it
7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line 12 to show that they were items that
(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell
(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia
(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia
(D) could easily be transported
8. The word eradicate in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) eliminate
(B) exploit
(C) organize
(D) operate
9. What does the author mean by stating in lines 15-16 that economic development was on the merchants' side ?
(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.
(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.
(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence
(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.
10. The word undergoing in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) requesting
(B) experiencing
(C) repeating
(D) including
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如何在短期內(nèi)突破托福110
